...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
Words: 7408 - Pages: 30
...Learning Team Debate Paper Business Communication and Critical Thinking/BCOM 275 University of Phoenix Learning Team Debate Paper A topic with considerable debate is the legal age to consume alcoholic beverages. “Most cultures where alcohol consumption is legal have a mandated threshold age at which buying and/or consuming alcohol becomes permitted” (International Center for Alcohol Policies, 2011, para. 5). Currently, the United States has set the legal age to drink at 21. The age was once 18; however, society has changed its views concerning this issue. Because the legal drinking age changed to 21 there was an increase in mortality rate at age 21, increase in motor vehicle accidents, and increase in suicides. Even though 18 is considered an adult and a person should be able to make his or her own decisions, the drinking age should not be lowered because teens lack the maturity to handle alcohol and teens are at a higher risk of alcohol-related deaths. This debate has two sides as some people are for lowering the age to 18 again and some against. Many will argue that the average drinking age around the world is 18. According to International Center for Alcohol Policies (2011), “Minimum drinking and purchase ages in countries around the world range from 16 to 25 years of age, with 18 being the most common age limit” (para. 6). Others say that if a person age 18 is old enough to serve and die for his or her country, he or she should be permitted...
Words: 2686 - Pages: 11
...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
Words: 7408 - Pages: 30
...Running Head: Hate Crime Analysis – Homosexuality Hate crime Analysis – Homosexuality CJA540 Nicole Paddock Eric Drennan October 18, 2010 Abstract Hate crimes are crimes that are motivated by prejudices. Hate crimes can be against people because of their race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. Incidents of hate crime can be physical assault, property damage, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse, graffiti, and/or hate mail. This paper will discuss hate crime has it pertains to sexual orientation focusing on homosexual men. It will provide a brief description of why homosexuals are victimized and discuss two cases of hate crime. The paper will then talk about the restorative justice models that could be used to help and the best instrument to measure the victimization of homosexual men. The paper will conclude with discussing the criminological theory that best describes why there is victimization with homosexual men. Homosexuality and victimization have become two things that unfortunately go hand in hand. Homosexual men are the prime targets for those who commit hate crimes. “Past studies show that gay men are more likely to be the victim of violent crime than lesbians. Gay men are often targeted out in public such as attending gay bars and nightclubs and in neighborhoods that are predominately occupied by gay men” (Waldern-Haugrud & Berg, p. 4 2004). One of the reasons homosexual men are targeted is because homosexual men tend to be more...
Words: 1331 - Pages: 6
...Cognitive Development Richard Clark PSYC1000 Lifespan Development Paper Capella University May 2014 Abstract According to dictionary.com cognitive development. The process of acquiring intelligence and increasingly advanced thought and problem-solving ability from infancy to adulthood. The purpose o f this research paper is to determine if all infants follow the same development process from infant to adulthood. There are many questions about the development stages of a child. I am sure many people would like to know if a child is born with cognitive skills or is that develop over time David F. Bjorklund explains “One issue central to all of psychology is that of nature versus nurture. Traditionally, this has been posed as a dichotomy: Is human thought and behavior genetically/biologically determined or is it shaped by learning/experience/culture? This is dealt with in a more sophisticated way today, in that everyone is an interactionist, with the issue being better expressed as “how do biological/endogenous factors interact with environmental/exogenous factors to produce the adult phenotype?” From this perspective, cognitive development does not simply mature, or bloom, over time, nor is it solely a product of a child’s culture; rather, it emerges over the course of ontogeny as a result of the dynamic and reciprocal transaction between a child’s biological constitution, including genetics, and his or her physical and social...
Words: 883 - Pages: 4
...do not know what a child bride really is. Child brides are girls forced to marry an old men because of some different reasons when they are still are teenagers.2 This is kind of early marriage causes those child brides isolated with society, suffer from domestic abuse and become dependent on their violent husband.3 It may be shocking that there are 67 million child brides in 2010 and there will be approximately 142,000,000 child brides all around the world after only ten years later.4 More surprisingly, there will be 14 million new child brides every year.5 Now as situation of child brides is becoming worse and worse, this research paper will focus on analyzing three main causes of this pathetic reality. Firstly, some religions that allow existence of child brides can encourage their followers or their followers’ daughters to get married before eighteen. What’s more, developing countries and many rural areas where poverty widely existed contribute a great part to this growing tendency. Last but not least, lack of education also changes those 1 2 3 4 5 A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle. The Phrase Finder. Web. 9 May 2014. Child marriages: 39 000 every day. World Health Organization. Web. 1 May 2014. Nilanjana Bhowmick. India Criticized For Not Co-Sponsoring U.N. Child-Bride Resolution. Time.com. 18 May, 2014. Child Marriage Facts and Figures. International Center for Research on Women. Web. 20 April 2014. About Child Marriage. Girlsnotbrides....
Words: 2741 - Pages: 11
...parenting. What are the results of childhood health with parents that encourage exercise and healthy diets for their children? What are the results of childhood health with parents who do not? This paper will attempt to explain the following: The affect of parental negligence on childhood obesity, a numerical and verbal hypothesis concerning research on parental negligence in regards to childhood obesity, and how the five steps of hypothesis testing may be used to evaluate parental negligence concerning childhood obesity. The study conducted by Temple University in the November issue of Child Abuse & Neglect in 2007 was to show the affiliation between childhood obesity and parental neglect. Neglect examples for this study would include parents leaving their children without appropriate supervision, self-absorption with his or her own issues, and lack of affection. "Data was obtained from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study of 4,898 children born between 1998 and 2000 in 20 large U.S. cities. At age three, 2,412 of these children had their height and weight measured, and mothers answered items on the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales about three types of child maltreatment in the prior year" (Temple University 2007, November 16). The study showed that 18% of the children were obese, and with the conditions of neglect with psychological aggression and corporal...
Words: 806 - Pages: 4
...For my argumentation paper I plan on discussing the drinking limit and why I feel it should be lowered to 18 instead on 21. There has been an ongoing controversy in the United States on whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18, like most of the world, or if it should stay at 21. Underage drinking has been a major controversial issue for years; yet why is it not under control? Teenagers are continuing to buy alcohol with fake identification cards, get into bars, and drink illegally. As a teen, I have proof that these things are going on not only in college but in high school as well. There are a lot of factors that come together to why the drinking age should be lowered to 18. The most obvious reason is too many people are drinking before they are 21. Liquor stores, bars, and clubs all want to make money and if they can get away with selling to underage teens then they will. My opinion along with a growing number of people across the country is questioning the reason of the 21 legal drinking ages. Throughout history, people have always wanted what they can’t have. Today, many teenagers experience different things in the world. Teens are always eager to try something different or new. One of the things that teenagers try is drinking alcohol. Around the 1980s many states changed the legal drinking age from 18 to 21. The theory behind this was, that if you increase the drinking age, people will drink more responsibly, because with age comes responsibility. Unfortunately...
Words: 659 - Pages: 3
...Title Fast-Food Restaurant Advertising on Television and Its Influence on Childhood Obesity Author Shin-Yi Chou, Lehigh University and National Bureau of Economic Research Inas Rashad, Georgia State University Michael Grossman, City University of New York Graduate Center and National Bureau of Economic Research Introduction Childhood obesity around the world, and particularly in the United States, is an escalating problem that has received much attention of late. In less than thirty years, the prevalence of overweight children and adolescents in America has more than doubled. In the 1963-1970 period, 4 percent of children aged 6 to 11 years and 5 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 19 were defined as being overweight. The percentage of children who are overweight has more than tripled by 1999, reaching 13 percent. For adolescents, the incidence of overweight has nearly tripled in the same period, reaching 14 percent (Centers for Disease Control 2001). Finding the causes of this dramatic increase in obesity among children and adolescents is an important input in designing prevention policies. On the simplest level, weight gain is caused by more energy intake than energy expenditure over a long period of time. The problem of energy imbalance is not purely due to genetics, since our genes have not changed substantially during the past two decades. Researchers have tended to focus on environmental factors such as the availability of highly palatable and calorie-dense fast...
Words: 1219 - Pages: 5
...Issue The issue being addressed is whether or not the national drinking age should be lowered to 18 years old. Evidence will be presented for both sides to determine if lowering the drinking age would lower dangerous underage drinking also. This research paper will be presented to our Iowan Representatives in Congress to decide whether of not having a minnimum drinking age of 18 would benefit the U.S. Background There are some states that have considered petitioning the drinking age. The 1984 National Minimum Drinking Age Act requires that States prohibit persons under 21 years of age from purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages as a condition of receiving State highway funds (“The 1984 National”). South Dakota, a state that permitted persons 19 years of age to purchase alcohol, challenged the law (“South Dakota v.”) In a 7-to-2 decision, the Court held that Congress, acting indirectly to encourage uniformity in states' drinking ages, was within constitutional bounds (“South Dakota v.”) Twenty-three years after raising the legal drinking age to 21, Vermont lawmakers are revisiting the issue, despite the threat of losing highway funding if they lower the age minimum (“Vermont Considers Lowering”). Typically, when states flirt...
Words: 709 - Pages: 3
...communications are occurring. It is becoming apparently aware that the increase in sexting is due to these technological advances (Gordon-Messer, Bauermeister, Grodzinski, & Zimmerman, 2013). The concept of sexting is defined as, “sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, or nude, partially nude, or sexually suggestive digital images of one self or other via a cell phone, email, or Internet” (Dake, Price, Maziarz, & Ward, 2012, p. 2). Research conducted found that 30% of young adults have sent a sext at least once, and 41% have received a sext at some point (Gordon- Messer et al.). The underlying problem with sexting is being unaware of the short and long-term effects sexting can have on not only themselves but on others as well. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender contributes to the attitudes, behaviours and consequences of sexting. Specifically this paper will highlight potential differences and similarities between genders in relation to sexting. With regards to attitudes towards sexting, research has shown that there are some definitive differences amongst males and females (Walker et al., 2013; Lenhart, 2009; Dir et al., 2013). Adult youth are conscious of the double standards that are present for men and women in regards to the correlation between sexual reputation and sexting (Walker, Sanci, &...
Words: 1406 - Pages: 6
...Here author state that is it okay to allow the 17 year old to drive or do we need to rise the driving age to 18? Brain and auto safety experts fear that 16-year-olds, the youngest drivers licensed in most states, are too immature to handle today's cars and roadway risk do not comprehend the implications of rash driving aggressive and reckless behavior than their adult counterparts . Want to experiment new things while driving like speeding up, racing etc. So, I think it is better to allow a 17 year to get the permit but not the licensed until 18 and it is important to give them plenty of time to make them drive in presence of their parents or the persons who holds the valid driving license. Firstly, I believe that the people below 17 years will not mature and they involve in more accidents than the people of 18 + years age. As we see daily in the news paper saying that high school student involved in road accident dies in the crash. The survey says that only 7% people account for driving license of the total population but 14% of them are in involved in fatal accidents , it is because of driving inexperience, lack of driving skills, risk taking , poor driving judgment and decision making, alcohol consumption and excessive driving during high risk hours. Most of the people feel more independent and counts the days to get the driving license but instead of driving carefully and they feel like it is fun and drives recklessly which is more dangerous not only to them but...
Words: 742 - Pages: 3
...viewpoints to both sides and in this paper we are going to explore both sides to the story Some believe that the legal drinking age should be lowered and we are going to explore why. They say if a person can go to war, shouldn’t he or she be able to have a beer? They American society has determined that upon turning 18 teenagers become adults. This means that they can enlist into the military to serve, fight, and potentially die for their country. Most importantly at age 18 you become legally responsible for your own actions. You can buy cigarettes even though in time you know that they can give you lung cancer. You may even purchase property, sign contracts, take out a loan, vote, hold office, serve on a jury, or adopt a child. But strangely at 18, one cannot buy a beer. In most other countries, the age of majority coincides with the legal drinking or purchasing age. Lots of people drink before they turn 21, despite the current legal drinking age. Doesn’t that prove that the policy is ineffective? The trend over the past decade is that fewer 12-20 year olds are drinking, but those who choose to drink are drinking more. Between 1993 and 2001, the rate of 20 year old who reported consuming alcohol in the past 30 days decreased from 33.4% to 29.3%, while the rate for binge drinking increased among the age group over those same years, from 15.2% to 18.9%. (Teens at risk, 2009, p. 2). Furthermore, as compared to 1993, more 18-24 year olds who chose to drink in 2001 were drinking...
Words: 680 - Pages: 3
...“limitations of paper-and pencil self-monitoring (PM)” (2003, p. 73). One of the techniques for getting data on drinking and the inner mood of someone is known as paper-and-pencil self-monitoring (PM) (Collins, Kashdan, & Gollnisch, 2003). Some of the limitations of this (PM) system are the possibility of false data, and not being able to get accurate background data to understand the behaviors that are trying to be monitored. This method was compared to the cell phone monitoring (CM) to gather data on alcohol use. The research concludes that CM and IVR is a lucrative way to gather self-monitoring data (Collins, Kashdan, & Gollnisch, 2003). The research in this study analysis the difference between passenger’s conversations in a vehicle with the driver and driving while talking on a cell phone. To be safe the research all took place in a driving simulator, while having different driving distractions come up in the simulator. These were broken down into three different levels of driving performance. “First is an operational or control level, second involves skills needed for maneuvering the vehicle in traffic, and the last is more executive, goal-directed aspects of driving” (Drews, Pasupathi, & Strayer, 2008, p. 392). The research indicates that both the cell phone conversations and passenger conversations have their own different impacts on the driver’s ability to drive. The driver’s ages, either young or older, had the same results. Another research report analyzed...
Words: 831 - Pages: 4
...| How Old is Old Enough? | Drinking Age | | | 11/11/2011 | How old is old enough to have an alcoholic beverage? | How Old is Old Enough? The legal drinking age is a topic that has come up for, and will continue to come up for, many years. The main question that needs to be answered is what is it that determines when a person is able to drink. Should we continue to base the drinking level on age or should we look at other characteristics. Those enrolled in the military have special benefits when it comes to drinking. In the year of 2011, the legal drinking age in the United States for all non-military people is 21 years of age. There is research for both sides of the spectrum. Some believe that the age should be lowered from 21, while others believe 21 is the perfect age. Then there are the people who say that the drinking age should be taken even higher than 21. Some want the drinking age to be as high as 25. Will lowering the drinking age stop teens from binge drinking? If we take the drinking age higher, will it simply cause rebellion in the teen world? Many feel as though the law of 21 before drinking saves 1,000 deaths per year. The numbers of teens killed in alcohol related accidents have dropped somewhere from 11-16 percent since the 21 law have been implemented. Taking on higher drinking ages allows for a low intoxication level. For instance, in Georgia, where 21 is the legal drinking age, the blood alcohol level to be considered intoxicated is...
Words: 972 - Pages: 4
