...Nursing Theory Historical Timeline Nursing theory has changed greatly over the years. That change occurred because of advancement in education and technology, which advanced nursing theories. These theories are what shapes the clinical practice and critical thinking process of nurses today. All of the theories available today started with one woman – Florence Nightingale. 1859 – Florence Nightingale established the first nursing theory which provides the basis of nursing today. Nightingale identified nursing as an art and a science. According to Selanders (2010), “Nightingale provides the profession with the expectation that nursing will be practiced by educated individuals using current research and methods (science) as well as compassion and common logic (art).” 1943 – Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs. This theory focuses on people’s basic need to survive as the foundation. Each level above that deals with the other essential elements of survival. Using this theory in nursing provides health care workers with the ability to prioritize patient care needs (Preceden, 2014). 1950’s – In this decade, the need for nursing administrators, faculty members, and graduate level educated nurses was acknowledged. In 1952, a nurse theorist named Peplau, launched the first post baccalaureate nursing program and also developed the Theory of Interpersonal Relations. This theory explored the relationship between nurse and patient. Theorists from this decade based their knowledge...
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...implants. The early devices had a seamed rubber shell filled with a viscous form of silicone gel. They were firm to the touch and had a teardrop shape. Interestingly, it was thought at the time that the implants needed to be attached to existing tissue in order to stay put, so these early models featured Dacron or silicone mesh patches for this purpose (these were later discontinued). During the several years Dow Corning made these implants they refined their design, creating a thinner, seamless shell, for example. The main complaints about the first silicone implants were twofold – they were too firm to the touch and caused a high incidence of capsular contracture. As a result, the second generation of implants, designed in the early 1970's, had thinner shells and more liquid silicone filling. These implants not only had a tendency to rupture, they also were found to leak silicone through their shells. These were the devices most...
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...Health Care Economics and Timeline By: Morgan Pence HCS/440 Jonathan Foskett Due: May 9, 2016 Economics is described as the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind. The timeline of healthcare is very important because it helps to show what has happened and why the country is where it is today with the healthcare industry. It changes all the time so the timeline will always be changing and it is important to keep up to date with what is going on. This paper will help to show how the country has come to where it is today. Before the 1900’s there was not really anything that could be called major health care in the country. Doctors were still making house calls, people would use supply and demand to be able to get treatment, home remedies were being used a lot and The American Medical Association (AMA) was just getting off the ground, and hospitals were just being established. At this point in time health insurance was unheard of. During the 1900’s Teddy Roosevelt became president was the first to introduce the idea of health insurance and called or all Americans to have universal healthcare. During the Great Depression the Social Security Act was signed which provided states with the funds to build health departments and it established benefits the elderly. During the 1940 President Truman signs the Hospital Survey and Construction Act which allowed the states to access Federal grants...
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...Progressive Party campaign addressed the issues of health insurance. Also in 1912, The American Association for Labor Legislation, (AALL) publishes and promotes a draft bill for compulsory health insurance. In 1929, Baylor Hospital in Dallas, Texas, developed the Baylor administration during the Great Depression to help are citizens afford hospital care. Baylor started the first prepaid hospital insurance plan in the country with a local teachers’ union and creates what is thought to be the nation’s first example of modern health insurance. (“Healthcare Timeline”...
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...ERP Timeline Michael Benitez CMGT / 556 October 03, 2011 Jeffery Doolin Abstract According to Systems-ERP, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) “is the evolution of Manufacturing Requirements Planning (MRP) II. From business perspective, ERP has expanded from coordination of manufacturing processes to the integration of enterprise-wide backend processes. From technological aspect, ERP has evolved from legacy implementation to more flexible tiered client-server architecture” (History and Evolution of ERP). MRP’s contributions greatly impacted the modern business world as its concepts have been utilized to developed tools that will aid companies to cope with success. Although MRP is considered costly and requires a lot of man power but its benefits outweighed its disadvantages. Since man’s instinct is to move forward finding new ways to evolve same scenario happened with MRP solutions as new solutions was made to mimic and yet provides more benefits and flexibility, thus the birth of the evolved version of MRP II is ERP. According to Systems-ERP.com… (History and Evolution of ERP). ERP Timeline As time passes so as man’s ingenuity and innovation…throughout the year’s businessman, entrepreneurs, traders, business analyst and etc. are often struggling to find new ways to cope with the change of economy and its needs and to stay competitive amongst other companies. Those innovations that are called tools of the trade are often enhanced and/or sometimes replaced by new and...
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...Organizational Downsizing Techniques and Handling Layoffs Team 1 Christina Berardi Bridget Quinn-Carey Tung-Yueh, Lee Over the last two decades, organizational downsizing has been a key management strategy favored by many organizations attempting to cope with fundamental and structural changes in the shifting economy. In the mid-1980’s, downsizing was implemented primarily by companies experiencing difficult economic times (Gandolfi, 2006). Companies hoped to cut costs and improve performance. By the late-1980’s, it developed into a proactive restructuring strategy for a multitude of organizations. Furthermore, since then, organizational downsizing has now transformed the corporate landscape and changed the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals around the world (Gandolfi, 2006). There are several definitions that have been developed to effectively define the phenomenon of organizational downsizing. To sum it up in one sentence, organizational downsizing refers to a set of activities, taken on by the core management of an organization, designed to improve organizational efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness. It represents a management strategy that affects three components: (a) the size of the firm’s workforce, (b) the costs, and (c) the work processes. On the surface, downsizing can be interpreted as merely a reduction in organizational size, and the process is a chaotic and uncertain experience...
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...Timeline Part I NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 1 assignment entitled, “Timeline Part I.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part I up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. |Major Event/Epoch in American History |Time Period/Date(s) |Description and Significance of the | | | |People/Event(s) to American History | |Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to |1200-1900 |The Anasazi lived in the area that would one day | |colonization. | |become Colorado, Arizona, Utah and New Mexico. | | | |They focused on stonework, making fabrics and | | ...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix A: U.S Health Care Timeline Use the following timeline or create a timeline of your own with eight major events, including the four provided below, from the last 50 years. You may change the dates in the box to match the dates of your events. Include the following in your timeline: • Medicare and Medicaid • HIPPA of 1996 • State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) • Prospective Payment System (PPS) |1960 |Prospective Payment System (PPS)- The mid-1960's brought about the view that access to| | |good quality health care could be provided for the U.S., regardless of ability to | | |pay. The PPS is a means to determine insurance payments for Medicaid plans. It is a | | |Medicare system that pays hospitals a set amount for covered diagnostic or treatment | | |services offered under Medicaid. | |1965 | | | | | | |Medicare and Medicaid- Medicaid is a federal program that provides insurance...
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...history through Computer and its timeline defines the beginning for where it all began. Let’s start in the year 1939 where David Packard and Bill Hewlett first started there company there first product was called the HP 200A Audio Oscillator which was a popular piece of test equipment for the engineers Walt Disney Pictures was their first customer and ordered eight of the 200B model to use as sound effects generators for the movie “Fantasia” in the 1940s the first (CNC) that was build was call “The Complex Number Calculator” designed by researcher George Stibitz and demonstrated in New York at the Dartmouth College. This demonstration showed that this was to consider to be the first remote access computing using a teletype connected via special telephone lines through this timeline.( 2006 Computer History Museum) it will show that from the moment Computers was thought of and how the build went through a concept of steps before fully calling a (PC) an Personal Computer a lot of what I have read and seen through the timeline of the history of are computers for every new year a new chapter starts in building a fully functional computer but over time is where it took for where it all began as different components that different Engineers build. To get or build a fully functional computer from the components that make it you will start with a Case, Power Supply, Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory, Drive Controllers, Hard disk drive(s), CD-ROM drives(s), Floppy disk drive, Monitor,...
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...Nursing Timeline Historical Development Nursing science provides the foundation for professional nursing. The Historical Development of Nursing has made a great impact to healthcare all over the world. Nursing has been a thriving discipline beginning from the era of Florence Nightingale in the mid 1800’s to what the profession of nursing has become in the present. Timeline 1860 - Florence Nightingale, who was the founder of the nursing profession, publishes “Notes on Nursing: “What it is and what it is not.” 1861 - Sally Louisa Thompkins opened a confederate soldier’s hospital in which she was the first female officer in the United States Army. 1873 – Linda Richards graduates from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and becomes America’s first trained nurse. 1879 – Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and becomes the first black American nurse. 1881 – Clara Barton established the American Red Cross. 1893 – Lillian Wald, founded the Visiting Nurse Service in New York. 1896 – The American Nurses Association (ANA) was founded. 1901 – The establishment of the United States Army Nursing Corps (NC). 1908 – The establishment of the United States Navy Nurse Corps. 1923 - The Yale School of Nursing was the first school in the United States with autonomy by having their own dean, faculty, budget, and degree standards. The Yale School of Nursing curriculum...
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...multitasking, the PC is the way to go. Regardless if you’re using a Windows or a Mac, the PC is king and may always be. When IBM and Apple first launched the consumer and business PCs in the mid 1970s and early 1980s, they brought in a new era. The PC allowed the consumer the ability to perform tasks without having a mainframe. Today, computers are just about everywhere performing tasks as simple as allowing me to write this essay to assisting in the operating room. Looking at the technological advancements of the computer over the years leaves you wondering where we will be in 20 or 30 years. When the first personal computer was put out, companies saw the benefits of owning their own computers and how they could make their company become more productive. People during the late 70s and the following decades fell in love with the personal computer and used them for a variety of reasons, including office applications, home finance organization, storing data and many more options. The computer seemed to have made things a little easier. In the 1990’s, the PC became mainstream. In 1990 the Hubble telescope was put in space and Microsoft was the first company to exceed $1 billion in sales. In 1994 Vice President Gore coined the term “Information Superhighway”. The way the computer impacted the 90’s was unimaginable. From blackberry to yahoo mail and facebook.com coming online, the computer was changing everyday life as we knew it thanks to the internet. People started to rely on...
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...Health Policy Determinant Timeline Kwabena Aboagye HCS/550 June 02, 2014 John Dean Health Policy Determinant Timeline In 1950, most American receives their health coverage through the private insurance market, usually through their jobs. Many people buy insurance on their own in the individual market. Since coverage from private companies is the largest surge of insurance for Americans it is likely to be a central part of federal and state health reform efforts. Private health coverage is a mechanism for people to protect themselves from the potentially extreme financial costs of medical care if they become severely ill, and ensure that they have access to health care when they need it. Private health coverage products pool the risk of high health care costs across a large number of people, permitting them (or employers on their behalf) to pay a premium based on the average cost of medical care for the group of people. This risk-spreading function helps make the cost of health care reasonably affordable for most people. Medicare and Medicaid were previously known as Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). In 1965, the Social Security Act establishing both Medicare and Medicaid. The Social Security Administration (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare and Social and Rehabilitation Service become responsible for the administration of Medicaid. In 1970, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) are one of three types of major...
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...Demographic and Environmental Timeline- Germany Tarique Robinson Argosy University Ecology and Environmental Sustainability SCI201 A02 Robert Carter March 09, 2016 Stage Year Situation in the Country Stage 1 Mid 1950’s – 1960’s Major Historical Changes: The country was in economic recovery after the second world war. Changing Population Size: Rapidly growing (Baby Boom) high growth rates and full employment. Birth and Death Rates: In 1964, births exceeded deaths by 486,985, the highest postwar surplus. Environmental Impact: Forced labor, reduced farm production and increased factory pollution. Stage 2 1970’s Major Historical Changes: Women equality Changing Population Size: The fertility rate dropped below levels to sustain a population in the future. Birth and Death Rates: In 1972 deaths exceeded births by 64,032.Environmental Impact: High demand for petroleum products due to Urbanization. Stage 3 1980’s – 1990’s Major Historical Changes: Inflation and unemployment increased. Changing Population Size: Population numbers continued to fall from 2.1 children per woman to 1.7.Birth and Death Rates: leveled out but still significantly lower than other countries. Environmental Impact: Higher demand for natural resources due to East and West Germany uniting economically. Stage 4 2000 – Present Day Major Historical Changes: Money for fertility. Changing Population: Numbers are steady but low. Birth and Death Rates: Low to very low birth rate, very low death rate. Environmental...
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...Main Challenges facing Software Houses while developing customized Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Research Methods Course Done By Suhaib Adnan Al-Helo (8100611) Supervised By Dr. Amjad Abu Elsamen Dr. Mutaz Al-Debei The University Of Jordan Main Challenges facing Software Houses while developing customized Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Introduction The Enterprise Resource Planning (for short ERP) is an information system deals with external and internal organization resources by mean of managing them whether they are financial, materials and even a human resources (Zaitun and Zaini, 2008). Recently, ERP systems became an essential application in every organization; since managing different department resources was massive challenge in the last three decades. Therefore, achieving organization goals can be easier by using a computer based application like ERP system. The adoption of ERP system has more many advantages including enhancing the overall performance of organization, breaking down the complexity of performing business, best managing of the resources (Shimon, 2003 and Darshana, 2001), and increasing operational efficiency and competitiveness (Karimi, Somers and Bhattacherjee, 2007). In accordance to the organization needs and the extensive differences in business processes and functions from organization to another, ERP System used to be highly configurable and dynamic system (Helmut Klaus, Michael Rosemann and Guy G. Gable...
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...1970’s SQL (structured query language): create in 1970, developed by IBM, reason was as a language to query relational databases. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ Pascal: created in 1970, developed by Niklaus Writh, created to be a structured programing languages (has similarities with C). Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ C: created in 1973, developed at AT&T bell labs programmer Dennis Ritchie. It was intended for the Unix operating system but quickly spread due to its portability and speed. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ AWK (named after creators initials): created in 1974, developed by Aho Kerninghan Weinberger, Word processing language based on regular expressions, using a pattern-action principle. Retrieved from http://www.scriptol.com/programming/history.php Applesoft Basic: created in 1977, developed by Microsoft for the Apple ll computer. It was an extension of the Basic language. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ 1980’s BASICA: created in 1981, developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ Turbo Pascal: created in 1983, developed by Anders Hejisberg, it was an extension of pascal and it came bund led with a full IDE (it was a great improvement...
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