...Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches in the 21st century Authored by: Nguyen Thi Kim Anh Submited to: Mr. Tran Quoc Trung Foreign Trade University Submission date: May 22, 2015 The development of management in the 21st century is seen as the result of a process of change from the past. Managemant specific to the driver and guide all parts of an organization, usually economic organizations, through the establishment and change of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual real and intangible value). Surely, the managers always hoped that they could find the appropriate management approach and effective to increase work efficiency, labor productivity, as well as enable them to easily manage job and humans. The birth of the company from the years of 1780s to mid 1800s has created a significant influences on management, making it became a necessary element for the survival of a company. However, until the start of the 20th century, the knowledge of management was unified, development and transmission. Early 20th century, writers management called Mary Parker Follett defines management as "the art of getting the work done by others.". Since then, there have been many management methods and the human approach were launched, which included: Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches. The founding father of Scientific Management is Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856 – 1915). He came from a mechanic in the US, who has made the positions as foreman, chief...
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...means that decision making is a purview of top management, each job is performed through a standard method, employees work on a function based on experience and knowledge and workers are trained a standard operational method. This management technique was introduced in the 1900s and the company has made little changes to fit into the changing market which has giving its competitors a cutting edge. The paper will analyze the company’s management approach, its efficiency in the current market and if there is need to change the approach in a bid to fit in. Problem Statement With major shifts in management approaches to incorporate among other things technology and market dynamics, is it possible for Shell to remain as a relevant company with its century long approach? This question is best answered after analyzing the company’s revenues in the past ten years relative to that of its competitors, its recent expansions, among other variables. If this approach is workable in the 21st century, how can it be made better to fit into the aforementioned dynamics? A proposed change would be incorporating a neo-democratic approach that is flexible to external and internal changes. However, how can it fit in and what benefits can it offer? Literature Review In an article by John Vines for The Boston Consulting...
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...D efforts, and so on.’ (Amar V., 2000 pg 265). ‘Broadly, strategies encompass the set of approaches that the company will use to achieve its objectives’ (Jobber and Lancaster, 2006 pg 49) A well defined strategy should therefore integrate decisions about; scope of the business, objectives, resource allocation, developing sustainable differential advantage and synergy. The importance of strategy in the achievement of business goals cannot therefore be over emphasized judging from the above features. Split into corporate and competitive strategies, the former determines the scale and scope of the business while the later determines the sustainability of the company in the ever dynamic and competitive business environment. Whether inward out (resource based) or outward in (market based), competitive strategy is cardinal to the continued existence if the firm. Since successful strategies are those which adapt firms to the opportunities and threats in their markets/environments and which develop their internal capabilities, it means that in order to remain relevant, firms must adopt strategies suitable and consistent with the market changes, its development and the environment at large, either responsively or proactively. The business environment has by no means been stable, with each era presenting its own set of problems and need for adaptability. Strategic approaches and fits in the 1800s, 1900s,...
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...Name: Trương Quỳnh Trang Class: K52_BFA Student ID: 1301BF5901 17/5/2015 Are scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organization of the 21st century? Scientific management and human relations approaches had been a well-known and well-used in business management in the 1900s. It is, however, still a question whether or not those methods are applicable to organization of the 21st century. Some opinions stated that these practices are still appropriate for organizations nowadays due to the benefits and effectiveness they brought to the organization, while other people based on the grounds of different features between recent organizations and organizations of decades ago to disregard the effectiveness of any of management theories from the 20th century. Therefore, the main focus of this essay will be demonstrating the illustration of some principles of scientific management and human relations approaches, comparison between them and writer’s personal view of their capabilities to determine whether or not they are still suitable for the modern organization. Even nowadays, it is no difficult to find examples of Scientific Management, for instance the car and computer manufacturing plants, work environment and anywhere that required a strict and accurate function to serve men. In fact, these methods of working seem so commonplace and so logical to a citizen of the modern world that it is almost impossible to accept that they...
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...significant; they hold our basic assumption about key relations. In business life theories tell us what to look out for, what our first step ought to be, and what to expect results from our action. The four theories of strategy were and still very important until this time of day. But the 21st century is all about the game of power, how is powerful than whom, and who is dominating. So if you want to generalize thing, some theories can be used and others cant but eventually these approaches have expired because of the development that have been made until now, that were not common in Whittington’s days . Now a day we see a new phenomenon known as “game of power” which is the struggle or conflict over power because power means on dominance and...
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...Introduction The rapid changes and increased complexity of today’s world present new challenges and put new demands on our education system. There has been generally a growing awareness of the necessity to change and improve the preparation of students for productive functioning in the continually changing and highly demanding environment. In confronting this challenge it is necessary to consider the complexity of the education system itself and the multitude of problems that must be addressed. Clearly, no simple, single uniform approach can be applied with the expectation that significant improvements of the system will occur. Indeed, any strategy for change must contend with the diverse factors affecting the education system, the interactions of its parts, and the intricate interdependencies within it and with its environment. Following are the few consideration to improve learning. • Integrating the commonly polarized goals of education; i.e. the goal that focuses on transmitting knowledge with the goal that emphasizes the development of the individual student. • Adapting teaching to different student characteristics by using diverse methods of teaching. Adaptation to the ability levels, patterns of different abilities, learning styles, personality characteristics, and cultural backgrounds. • Integrating the curriculum by developing inter-disciplinary curriculum units that enable students to acquire knowledge from different disciplines through a unifying theme while having...
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...Some believe that the 21st century will bring significant change. Gary Hamel (co- author of The Future of Management) believes that strategic leaders will need to greatly change how they manage. The 20th century model of designing and managing companies, which emphasized hierarchy and the importance of labor and capital inputs, is no longer applicable1. Forward-looking executives will respond to this challenge by developing new ways to bring innovative products and services to the marketplace2. New approaches to managing employees and organizing talent to maximize wealth creation may provide companies with a competitive advantage. As companies change the direction of the firm, they will have to balance revolutionary thinking with practical experience3. Scholars believe that the management of technology will be crucial for success within the first few decades of this century. There are three reasons why technology will be important in the current and future environment4. As Lowell (author of Mobilizing Minds) says, first is the impact of new technology. Technology provides the availability of powerful new tools for coordinating human effort. Second, increasing global demand for goods and services will require companies to be adaptable and innovative5. Third, technology can be used to identify unmet consumer needs much more quickly than in the past (e.g., i-phone)6. Lowell believes that strategic leadership must include innovation. The scarce resources in any company today are...
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...No rational human being will confuse a city of a fast developing country in 2011 with a Mediterranean village in 1500s. With the progress of technology, nature cannot restrain human activities as it did five hundred years ago. At the close of the twentieth century, the invention of internet revolutionized the way people shared information and catalyzed further technological advancement. Will these radical changes affect future historians’ understanding and practice of historiography? This question puts the Annales School of history under the scrutiny and debates of many modern historians. The Annale School of history was started by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. The name Annale comes from Annales d'histoire économique et sociale, which was a journal Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre founded in 1929. The Annale School emphasized on a comprehensive understanding of history, which requires interdisciplinary study involving sociology and anthropology, demography, geography, economics, psychology, linguistics, and art history. The journal gained most of its influence under the leadership of Fernand Braudel. Braudel's particular contribution to the Annales School is his “geo-historical structuralism”, this structuralism is a three-tiered conception of historical time: structure (long-term) at base, then conjuncture (medium-length units) and finally évènement (short-term or event). Braudel regards the évènement as having the least importance in understanding history. His denigration of...
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...21st Century Leadership Skills - Defined January 14, 2008 by Jeff Brunson A 21st Century Leader understands that if you want engaged employees, you must develop the individual. It is this understanding that leads the 21st Century Leader to a focus on self. Not a selfish focus - but a focus on self for the benefit of others. The Brunson Level II Coaching Program and the Brunson Leadership Development Program for Groups focus on the following key skills for Leadership effectiveness and organizational impact: 7 Skills for Leadership Confidence Personal/Professional Growth Management Skills Personal study and professional application is a must for you as a Leader in the 21st Century. How well you self assess and act on that assessment determines the quality of the goals you set and the effectiveness of your action plans. The impact you deliver is dependent upon how you integrate Leadership behaviors and implement on your strategies. Communication and Connection Skills How skillful a Leader communicates is a major factor of credibility. You must consistently communicate well one-on-one and in group settings. As Leaders, it is imperative that our communication is consistent and credible. We must be able to consistently create safety for dialogue and confidently confront issues. You approach performance management and succession management as key areas for consistent communication. Messaging Skills You are the message. Your Brand is the succinct version of that message. It...
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...FY 2002 Annual Performance Plan Table of Contents 1. Introduction The 1913 Act that created the Department of Labor (DOL) stated that its purpose "... shall be to foster, promote and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employment." While this statement is as true today as it was 88 years ago, our vision has matured as the Department has addressed changing economies and a diversified workforce. Today, the Department must ensure that the 21st century workforce is prepared to face the 21st century economy with hope--by equipping all workers with the skills to reach their aspirations. As we respond to the challenges of the changing economy, the Department's first responsibility will continue to be the protection of workers by enforcing the Nation's labor laws: * to ensure the safety of every workplace, * to guarantee an honest day's pay for an honest day's work, * to stop discrimination, * to protect workers from coercion and intimidation, and * to safeguard the pension of every American worker and retiree. The Department will emphasize prevention and compliance assistance--to protect workers before they are harmed physically or economically. Consistent with the Department's commitment to enforcement, we will work together with employers on better prevention strategies, avoiding whenever possible the loss of life, health or economic well-being...
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...Annotated Bibliography Tabatha L. Clow University of Phoenix Taylor, M.M. (2004). Leadership in Literacy Education Reform: A Constructivist Learning and Culturally Responsive Perspective (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved December 10, 2009, from Dissertations & Theses @ University of Phoenix. (UMI No.:3136143) This dissertation study is a comparison between constructivist learn and culturally responsive teaching (CLCRT) and traditional instructive approaches and how they comply with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). The CLCRT is a model on how to improve reading literacy for the disadvantaged and minority students while initiating school reform required by the NCLB. The CLCRT model examines pedagogy very carefully and informs school leadership about the effects of the pedagogy theory on students’. A PDS model (Professional Development School) was developed to help school leadership with the education reform strategies. We look at the PDS model and see that when teachers, school leadership and parents work together students’ grades improve. This study shows the importance of school leadership and teachers working together to implement new programs like the CLCRT education reform model. Horwitz, F.M., Bravington, D., & Silvis, U. (2006, June). The promise of...
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...FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY | SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT – APPLICATION IN ORGANISATIONS OF THE 21st CENTURY | BUSINESS CORE INTERGRATED PROGRAMME – MR. TRAN QUOC TRUNG | PHAM THI YEN NHI – 1301BF5038 – K52BFA 5/22/2015 | In recent years, human society is having the most dramatically unmatched development speed. To meet the demand of today modern age and become pioneers or successful managers, each of us must have prompt and sensible ability to realize which changes are occurring and which trends are going to expand in the future. In order to realize those changes quickly and successfully, leaders of the 21st century should base on scientific management and human relations movement, which are respectively basic managing theories of Frederick W. Taylor and Elton Mayo. This leads to management and also art of managing have been playing a significant role in every side of our life. Moreover, to manage a world that never stops changing at present and in the future, managers, manage process and organizational methods will have many differentiations (Management in 21st century, Subir Chowdhury). Therefore, this essay will concentrate on the way how scientific management and human relations are applied in organizations of the 21st century. Some aspects such as: definition, practical examples and the applications of the theories in each circumstance of present will be mentioned. Scientific management is a manage theory developed by F. W. Taylor, based...
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...to a successful 21st century business Received (in revised form): 22nd April, 2006 KEVIN LANE KELLER is the EB Osborn Professor of Marketing at Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College. Keller has served as brand confidant to marketers for some of the world’s most successful brands, including Disney, Ford, Intel, Levi Strauss, Nike, Accenture and Starbucks. He wrote the textbook Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity and co-authored with Philip Kotler the textbook Marketing Management. KEITH RICHEY is an independent consultant working in New York. He holds a joint Master’s degree in Global Media and Communication from the University of Southern California and the London School of Economics. Keywords corporate branding; corporate image; corporate values; brand personality; brand personality traits; corporate brand personality Abstract Brand personality has been defined as the human characteristics or traits that can be attributed to a brand. Corporate brand personality is a form of brand personality specific to a corporate brand. Unlike a product brand personality that typically relates to consumers and user imagery for a specific product brand, a corporate brand personality can be defined in terms of the human characteristics or traits of the employees of the corporation as a whole. A corporate brand personality will reflect the values, words, and actions of all employees of the corporation. A successful 21st century firm must carefully...
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...Kristy Nguyen JOUR453 Spring 2014 The Meaning of Race in a 21st-Century America As far as America has come in the battle for equality and improving civil rights, the topic of race still looms over our nation and sparks many different debates. The division of the 21st-century isn’t as obvious as it used to be in the past, there are no “Whites Only” sign to direct us and the simplistic black-white concept of race no longer exists. The issue lies much deeper than we could ever imagine and its fast-paced change is making it difficult to comprehend. The increase in the multiracial population further adds to the complexity of this topic and our ideas on race. That is why Center for American Progress located in Washington, D.C. decided to tackle this matter head-on by opening an in-depth panel discussion entitled “The Meaning of Race in a 21st-Century America” to dig into America’s history to find the origins of race, address race and ethnicity today as the nation’s demographics are shifting, and emphasize the importance of the U.S. Census to accurately represent the people of this. Featured panelists included Rinku Sen, President and Executive Director of Race Forward: The Center for Racial Justice Innovation; Julie Dowling, Associate Professor, Department of Latina/Latino Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Roderick Harrison, Senior Research Fellow, Civic Engagement and Governance Institute, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies; and Hilary O. Shelton,...
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...The 21st century Manager The 21st century sustainability leadership is about courage, creativity and faith in people. It is a values-based leadership. Sustainability opportunities and challenges are so complex, both of global scale and yet deeply rooted in people's cultures and beliefs, that tomorrow's leaders will need four core qualities to achieve success: • systems thinking to identify paradigms driving change • mediation skills to facilitate knowledge sharing, ensure stakeholders' ownership and foster innovation • vision rooted in community service and ethical behaviour • decisiveness in ever changing environments with blurred boundaries The 21st century leadership is about leading with the heart and to serve rather than rule. A sustainability leader of the 21st century has to have the ability to create a meaningful context out of the existing sustainability landscape. Sustainability is a broad notion that encompasses all aspects of our lives from economic to social and environmental actions. A number of ways to promote sustainability is infinite, and this vague plethora of contents is often the source of difficulty in raising awareness and participation in the movement toward sustainable future. It is therefore important for future leaders to recognise and provide innovative, sensitive, and meaningful sustainability possibilities. As an entrepreneur, leadership is the most important part of your job. But in a constantly changing business climate, you...
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