25-3 Industrialization Spreads

Industrial Development in the U.S.

•America had plentiful resources like Britain

•blockade from Great Britain during the War of 1812 forced America to become self-sufficient

•Samuel Slater brought the spinning wheel to America from Great Britain

◦Moses Brown opened the first factory in America to house these

•Francis Cabot Lowell made all stages in manufacturing cloth mechanized (1813)

•thousands of young single women worked as mill girls

◦could make higher wages and have independence

◦worked 12 hours a day, 6 days a week

Later Expansion of U.S. Industry

•America remained primarily agricultural until the end of the Civil War in 1865

•During the last third of the 1800’s, there was a technological boom caused by:

◦wealth of natural resource (oil, col, and iron)

◦inventions like the telephone and light bulb

◦large urban population that consumed the new manufactured goods

•railroads helped industry expand places like Chicago and Minneapolis

•smaller railroad companies formed to create large powerful ones

Rise of Corporations

•entrepreneurs sold stocks to raise money to build big businesses

•corporation- business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

◦were able to raise large amounts of money needed to invest in industrial equipment

•made big profit by reducing the cost of producing goods

Continental Europe Industrializes

•French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars halted trade, interrupted communication, and caused inflation in some parts of Europe

◦gap in industrialization between Britain and the rest of Europe widened

Belgium

•led Europe in adopting Britain’s new technology

•had rich deposits of iron and coal, waterways for transportation

•William