...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Rationale Millions of athletes, runners and sports club are looking for an activity for their daily health awareness through foot race, jogging and marathon each day. At the same time, people are more conscious now for their body figure which really help them a lot to develop it well. Running is a means of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot. It is thought that human running evolved at least four and a half million years ago out of the ability of the ape-like Australopithecus, an early ancestor of humans, to walk upright on two legs. Early studies on endurance running used X-ray and interview techniques to evaluate competitors and comment on performance. Since then, comparatively few studies have looked at runners competing in distances longer than a marathon. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of footrace in Cebu for long-distance running in order to develop a theoretical model for the marketability of foot race in the City. This pioneering study will assess also to the impact of extreme endurance on human physiology and the body's potential ability and willingness to in gage in this type of activity. The results will be of interest not only to endurance runners, but to anyone interested in the limits of human performance. Running competitions have probably existed for most of humanity's history and were a key part of the ancient Olympic Games as well as the modern Olympics. Although running is...
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...Efficiency Improvements Marathons own 50.7% of LOOP (Louisiana Offshore Oil Port). Crude is imported into this port. Only this port is equipped to handle super tankers. The super tankers can hold up to three million barrels of crude. However, the transporting and storing of the crude is open to efficiency improvements. Pipelines are the safest form of petroleum transportation but are the slowest. You can literally walk the speed of the pipelines. The average speed is four miles per hour. There is a four day window for crude oil to be off loaded from LOOP. It takes eight to ten days to arrive at Marathon’s refinery in Robinson, Illinois. Upon arrival, the refining process begins. Crude is processed into gasoline and other petroleum products. Storage is limited. The facility only has two to four days of storage for their finished gasoline and products. Even though Marathon Pipeline Operations Center operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year some efficiency improvements are needed. Transportation is too slow and storage is too limited. The Relationship The Energy Information Administration estimates world oil demand will grow from 84 million barrels a day in 2009 to approximately 99 million barrels a day in 2030. (http://www.api.org/aboutoilgas/gasoline/upload/Whats_Up_With_Gasoline_Prices.pdf). Gas and crude oil are commodities that are traded around the world. Price is determined by supply and demand. If supply is high and demand...
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...improvements. Explain your rationale. Marathon has contracts with Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) that transport crude oil from various overseas locations to the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP). These VLCCs are capable of carrying an average of two million barrels and can take 36 to 48 hours to unload at LOOP. The crude oil is transported through a 48-inch undersea pipeline to either eight underground salt caverns with approximately 50 millions barrels storage capacity or to 600 thousand barrels of above ground storage. (Marathon Petroleum Company LLC) From there the crude oil is distributed through four pipelines to refineries in the Gulf Coast and Midwest. Marathon has access to 9,600 miles of pipeline in the U.S and transports 1,700,000 barrels per day of crude oil. (Marathon Petroleum Company LLC) One of these pipelines is called LOCAP which is a pipeline that connects the LOOP to the Capline Pipeline. This 40-inch, 667 mile pipeline runs from St. James, LA to the Midwest hub in Patoka, IL. The crude oil moves about 4 miles an hour and can take 8-10 days to arrive at the refinery. The Capline Pipeline transports up to one million barrels of crude each day. (Marathon Petroleum Company LLC) At the refinery it will take four to eight days before the crude will be processed into gasoline, diesel fuel, and other petroleum products, such as fuel oil, kerosene, asphalt, jet fuel, toluene, xylene and benzene. (Marathon Petroleum Company LLC) These products will...
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...Executive of Kingston Sports Wear Subject : Progress on the Kingston Marathon Run Introduction At your request, I am submitting this progress report detailing the launching of a marathon in Kuala Lumpur. The purpose of this event is to create health awareness among Malaysians and to promote social role of sport. Besides that, it can be a platform for the multiracial community to interact with one another. This event will take place on 17th August 2014. Past Progress Drafting the route, distance and location We had decided this event to take place on 17th of August, Sunday. Since Sunday is a public holiday, it is the most appropriate time of the week to hold an event to ensure people from all walks of life are able to participate and be a part of this event. We have decided to divide this event into 3 categories: 5km, 10km and 21km. Moreover, we had decided to locate the marathon around Merdeka Square at Kuala Lumpur. This location was chosen because there is an adequate amount of hotels, parking lots and it has an easy access for local and foreign participants as it has sufficient public transport to reach the place. Determining the budget The expected budget for this marathon is RM112,500. This is based on the expected participants of 3000 people. This budget layout had been approved by the management department. You can refer to Table 1 as our budget layout. Table 1 BUDGET LAYOUT OF KINGSTON MARATHON RUN Expenses | Price per unit (RM) | Total Cost (RM) | Police/Traffic...
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...Athletics Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country. History Athletics is often used synonymously with any sporting activity, but in most cases, athletics refers primarily to track-and-field events that involve running, jumping or throwing. Those athletic events are most closely associated with the Olympics, but competition in these sports is held at the youth level, high school, college, and professional ranks all year round throughout the world. The Ancient Greeks The first Olympics in ancient Greece go back at least as far as the eighth or ninth century B.C. While such sports as boxing and equestrian events were included, most of the events were those now classified under athletics or track and field. They included running, jumping, discus and the javelin. Those four, plus wrestling, made up the pentathlon. The running events included "stades," which were essentially sprints from one end of the stadium to the other, a distances of about 190 meters;...
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...Diets I chose to compare the diets and nutritional needs for Professional Bodybuilders Jay Cutler and Arnold Swertzenegger, as well as Marathon runners Hal Higdon and Ryan Hall’s diet. My findings with the Bodybuilders diets are they are both very similar to one another. First off both diets consist of many meals throughout the day that are very high in protein (about 30-50g every 3 hours). Although Arnold Stays away from eggs, Jay eats 10 eggs a day. And as far as other protein sources they are very similar as they both use Whey Protein drinks and eat only lean meats including Chicken, Fish, and steak. Both Jay and Arnold stick to eating carbohydrates early in the day before workouts and try to stay away from them later in the day. Both diets consist of 15%F/40%P/45%C. As for the two Marathon runner’s diets, while training Ryan eats close to 6,000 calories a day which consists of a 4:1 ratio of carbohydrates to protein. Hals diet on the other hand is a little different and consists of 20%F/30%P/50%C. While Ryan’s diet is a lot higher in carbohydrates and lower in protein they are very similar to one another in that they both drink close to 3 gallons of water a day to stay hydrated pre, during, and after running. They also both find it very important on the time of the day they eat their meals and make sure to eat 5-6 smaller meals per day. Both diets are adequately supplied with vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes. As for my findings of both Bodybuilding and Aerobic type...
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...of cards a litter of Look at this list containing units of measure used to describe specific quantities of non count nouns. Use them in sentences two cups of a carton of a litter of young animals one piece of a box of a sheet of a bowl of a handfuf of a bagful of a quart of a mix of a shelf of a bar of a pattern of a stick of Categories of common partitives: 1. precise measure phrases a cupful of flour a bag of cement 2. container-based a shelf of books a carton of milk two trays of eggs 3. portion-based a serving of fruit salad a slice of bread 50 grams of cinnamon powder 4. individual members of a category a piece of luggage a brand of textile a mile long race Collectives are nouns taken together and spoken of as one whole. In the phrase ‘a pride of lions’, pride is a collective noun. Quantifiers are determiners indicative of quantity (e.g. all, both). Task 1: Use the words on the list to complete the sentences. Use the plural form if necessary. Some sentences have more than one possible answer: bar glass sheet bottle loaf spoonful bowl piece tube cup quart ream gallon TASK 2: Fill in the blanks with appropriate partitives...
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...of sports, either as players or spectators. You name it football, baseball, volleyball, basketball, soccer yes even track. All of these events require some running, I have people tell me that only time they ran was to train for another sport, running wasn’t something they enjoyed doing. When I was in school, track was my favorite sport, after a few track meets the season was over, a short season. When I got out of service in the early seventies we had what you call a running boom, people begin running for exercise trying to stay fit or get fit, an activity everyone could do, young and old. The movie business got involved, if you ever seen the movie “Forrest Gump” you know what I mean. We have 5K run, 10K run – ½ marathon, marathon and even ultra marathon 50 miles or more, but tonight I would like to talk about another run - The race of faith. In the beginning of the chapter the writer is telling us we are surrounded by a great cloud of witnesses. I would think of these as spectators, ones that have already ran this race, had finished the course. These are the old saints that the writer wrote about in previous chapters of Hebrews such as Abraham, Moses, Rahab, Gideon, Samson, David, and we might be able to add others that we believe ran this race of faith. Ones we have come in contact with in our lives that we think of as being faithful but now is no longer with us, ones that bear witness of faith with lives, witnesses spectators. We like to do our best when we got...
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...1. Define the three energy pathways. For each pathway, identify two exercises that utilize the pathway. If you were training to run a marathon, which pathway would be the focal point of your training? What types of activities would you incorporate into your marathon training and why? How will an understanding of energy pathways help you in your future training endeavors? Three different metabolic energy systems power your workouts — and your day. Here’s how each one works, and how to make the most of them all. Most of us understand our bodies about as well as we understand our cars. We know we’re supposed to take them out for a spin once in a while, and keep them well fueled. But when it comes to grasping precisely how that fuel gets converted into motion — well, we’re not entirely sure. So let’s take a look under the hood, shall we? Like a hybrid engine, your body has several ways of turning the stuff you eat into the stuff you do. All of these metabolic energy systems are switched on during physical activity, but each plays a different role depending on available energy and the specific demands of the task. Each burns a particular type of fuel at a particular rate — thereby affecting fat loss and muscle gain in a particular way. * The adenosine triphosphate–creatine phosphate (ATP-CP) system, or phosphagen system, supports very brief, high-intensity activities like a single-effort vertical jump. * The glycolytic system provides energy for activities of slightly...
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...Christopher Niemann Monica Hatch Eng. 100-001 June18, 2013 Reflective Essay Altruism: Proof that Mankind is Good Is mankind good by nature or is it a learned behavior? My purpose is to argue that mankind is good by nature. My research source for this will be Natalie Angier’s article on altruism. The title of the article is “Of Altruism, Heroism and Nature’s Gifts in the Face of Terror” as it discusses the desire to give and to sacrifice for sake of others. Natalie Angier is noted to be one of the premier science writers in the United States. She has received awards/recognitions for her research and has published many articles related to on science writing (50). If mankind is capable of having altruism as part of their genetic makeup, it is clear that mankind would then be good by nature. Altruism can be defined as an impulse. An impulse is a reaction to a situation, not a learned response to a situation. Pure altruism is giving without regard to reward or the benefits of recognition. . One example of this is noted in a paragraph in the above mentioned article on altruism. Angier’ talks about this as she wrote about the last of the four hijacked planes on September 11, 2001. It reads “as the last of four hijacked planes advances toward an unknown but surely populated destination, passengers huddle together and plot resistance against their captors, an act that may explain why the plane fails to reach its target, crashing instead into an empty field outside...
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...supervisors in the workplace. Operation Eagle Claw, set up by the U.S. with the intention to rescue 52 hostages from the U.S. embassy in Iran failed due to equipment failure. The new military regime of Liberia publicly executed a number of leading government officials. The United States, France, and the USSR all began nuclear testing at various sites throughout the world. Zimbabwe declares its independence from the United Kingdom. Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates and her daughter Beatrix is crowned Queen. While researching sports of April 1980, Wayne Gretzky becomes the first teenager to ever score 50 goals in one hockey season. Gordie Howe finished with a record 26th season in Hockey. Arthur Ashe retired from professional tennis. Donna White won the LPGA Florida gold tournament titled Lady Citrus. Bill Rodgers wins 84th Boston Marathon in 2:12:11. Longest jump by a jet boat is set at 120 feet. Phillies Steve Carlton pitched his 64th one-hitter. The Reunion Arena opened in Dallas. Other interesting facts of April 1980 include post it notes being introduced. Howard Stern began broadcasting in Detroit Michigan. Some of the famous...
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...If you were to walk around a college campus and conduct a survey on the percentage of students that are constantly stressed out, what would that percentage be? 50%? 70%? Maybe even 95%? It is common knowledge that one's college years, although fun, can be extremely stressful. Many college students have never been taught how to relieve that stress. It is scientifically proven that exercise, especially running, is the most underused stress reliever there is. Now, with that being said, how many college students are going to get up off of the couch and go for a run? The answer: Not very many. What college students need is motivation. Motivation can come in many ways, but one way is to give them a cause to run for. If colleges all around the country start sponsoring 5k’s, 10k’s, or even Marathons that are run for cancer patients or children in need, more college students will be willing to go from the couch to the street for those causes. Another way to get students moving is creating fun ways to work out. Normal gym workouts with weights and treadmills can become monotonous, but add a little spice to a workout, and getting students off of their bums may not be so hard. Anything from crazy, muddy, races to hot yoga in the park to having a “bring your dog for a run” day, can be great ideas to help create a guide for students to become more health conscious. Yet, being healthy does not solely consist of moving one’s body. The definition of health, in all reality, is to remain in a state...
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...They not only benefit individuals participating, but also the certain groups that receive a portion of the money. As for me, I decided to run in the Donor’s Dash 5k race. The two most important things in distance races; knowing where the money goes and actually doing it. There are lots of people who train intensively for them, then there’s people like me, who only train for about 3 days. On average, beginners should begin training 4 months to a year before participating in any races or marathons. It helps your body adapt and helps build your mileage. Now that I am following through with my exercise plan, I will be able to participate in races in about a year. There is a variety of different races that help raise awareness for certain causes, such as the one I participated in. The Donor’s Dash 5k race helped raise awareness about the importance of organ and tissue donation. One organ donor can help save up to 8 lives and enhance the lives of over 50 people. According to the National Foundation for Transplants, on average 22 people die every day while waiting for a transplant. Raising awareness about donation would definitely save millions of lives, which is why I participated in the race, and helped educate me on the importance of donating. Not only that, but I have decided to sign up as an organ donor when I am eligible and hope to save lives, and advise others to...
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...the big thing they really have a problem with is the Patriot Act. What this act did was give sweeping surveillance and domestic gathering powers to law enforcement in the name of fighting terrorism. I wonder if you take a poll between the people who have suffered through a terror attack and the people who have not, how much off a difference in opinion there would be. The debate has heated up over the last few months thanks to an individual named Snowden. Who by the way is to chicken to even come back to his own country and back up his own accusations. Gen. Keith Alexander along with the director of the FBI testified before a House committee to answer these accusations. Alexander stated that surveillance programs had help disrupt more than 50 terror threats worldwide, 10 of which had targets on U.S. soil (Marshall, 2013). Now I want you think about this. What if those 10 terror attacks had not been disrupted because law enforcement can’t use the Patriot Act and further if you or someone in your family was hurt by those would you feel different about spying then? As far as this idiot Snowden he has of yet provided any proof for his claims so how can you any entirely what he is saying. People argue that law enforcement agencies can come into your home and detain you because they feel you are partaking in anti-American activities. They can monitor your web surfing records, monitor your phone calls, and probably even know what library books you check out. Some think that this is...
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...com/article/115549-define-strength-power-muscular-endurance/ * Documentation of strength training for research purposes after ACL reconstruction Jesper Augustsson * Seiler, S. (2010). What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance, 5(3), 276-291. * Stavric, V. A., & McNair, P. J. (2012). Optimizing muscle power after stroke: A cross-sectional study. Journal of NeuroEngineering & Rehabilitation (JNER), 9(1), 67-74. * Brzycki, M. (1998). Strength training: What approach? Coach & Athletic Director, 68(4), 32. * Exercise improves capillarization of muscles in diabetics.(2008). Motion-Sport in Finland, 2008(1), 50-50. * Edler, J. R., Wassink, M. L., Kahanov, L., & Eberman, L. E. (2014). Ultra endurance athletes at-risk. International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training, 19(4), 10-13. * Edler, J. R., Wassink, M. L., Kahanov, L., & Eberman, L. E. (2014). Ultra endurance athletes at-risk. International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training, 19(4), 10-13. * Lawton, T. W., Cronin, J. B., & McGuigan, M. R. (2012). Does extensive on-water rowing increase muscular strength and endurance? Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(6), 533-540. “Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force to overcome the most resistance in one effort....
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