...A Comparison of Theorists Many of the greatest theorists of the past decade have helped form the foundation of knowledge. In this paper, this writer will compare two of the most talented theorists of the time. Abraham Maslow and B.F. Skinner are just two of the many theorists that have formed the organization in today’s classrooms. This paper will address the differences in the theories and the similarities. It will describe how each theory can be implemented in the learning environment of an early childhood classroom. Lastly, it will describe each theory that will be compared supported by research. Comparison of two Theories Operant Behavior Conditioning of Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) BF Skinner renowned for his theory of Operant Behavior (Maslow and Skinner: n.d.). He is known for, his leadership in the field behavior modification through conditioning. This states that behavior is affected by the consequence that follows the behavior. This is a practice teachers, utilize in the classrooms every day as part of the classroom management process: if the behavior of the child or children is unacceptable, the consequence will not be favorable. If the behavior is positive, the consequences will also be positive. Really, Skinner's theory states that good behavior is reinforced while bad behavior is reprimanded (Maslow and Skinner, n.d.). Ultimately, Skinner believed that in order to change behavior there had to be a positive stimulus to reinforce that behavior. Added...
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...This paper will provide a brief introduction in the use of Maslow’s hierarchy necessity to describe the measure of, which growth could use influence personality formation. It will construe biological factors, which influence the formation of character. This paper will provide the affiliation of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality. In this paper the subject to explain is the essential aspects of humanistic theory, which are adverse with biological explanations of character. Personality comes from different form of life; personality can change at any given time because it depends, the lifestyle in, which individuals lived. A person can have an enormous personality, but with problems of life, and worry it can change for the worst. Drug users can influence the personality of individuals, and so can medical drug. However, techniques are exercise to describe the character, which most often use to contribute another approach. Therefore, biological, and humanistic access naturally exercised as beneath the tones. Personality by itself involves various issues. Evolutionary/inherent perception most often usually detail for the biological mechanisms among DNA, and personality. Wise people use biological development in an effort to fulfill the space among character and genetics, which understand theorizing, and exploring biological associations with action. Biological approaches personality in the guide of collective personality, actions, and headstrong, emotional, and...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Paper PSY 405 February 15, 2014 Instructor: University of Phoenix Humanistic and Existential Personality Theory Although philosophers and psychologists interpret existentialism in a variety of ways, some common elements are found among most existential thinkers. First, existence takes precedence over essence. Existence means to emerge or to become; essence implies a static immutable substance. Existence suggests process; essence refers to a product. Existence is associated with growth and change; essence signifies stagnation and finality. (Fiest, Feist & Roberts (2013) Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories offered perspectives that have proven to be valuable. Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in their journey toward self-actualization. From Carl Rogers’s development of the actualizing tendency and the formative tendency to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there is a diverse range of perspective. In this paper, we will analyze how humanistic and existential theories affect individual personalities and explain how these personality theories influence interpersonal relationships. Effect on Individual Personalities Our personalities consist of many complex characteristics and have been classified into a wide array of theories. One main concept of these theories is known as the Learning theory. Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans...
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...Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] You have requested "on-the-fly" machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations...
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...Applied Management and Entrepreneurship13.2 (Apr 2008): 46-62. Turn on hit highlighting for speaking browsers Hide highlighting Abstract (summary) Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Full Text Headnote Executive Summary Continual employee training and learning is critical to the ability of organizations to adapt to an ever changing national and international business environment. What motivates employees to learn? Abraham Maslow has had a significant impact on motivation theory, humanistic psychology, and subsequently, adult learning in the workplace. This paper will discuss the development of Maslow's humanistic views and trace their impact on past trends in business training as well as the implications for current challenges that managers face in motivating employee learning in the workplace. Introduction Continual learning has always been essential to the ongoing success of organizations. Managers and...
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...Module 1 Notes In this essay I will define what Person Centred Therapy (PCT) is and I will look at the origins of this therapy with particular reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and examine the fundamental elements necessary for the therapy to be seen as patient centred. I will compare the benefits and disadvantages of Person-Centred Therapy and try to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients effectively using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. To be able to discuss this subject, it is important to describe first what we mean when discussing PCT. Person-Centred Therapy, also known as client-centred, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counselling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a non-directive role. PCT emphasises person to person relationship between the therapist and client and focuses on the clientâs point of view; through active listening the therapist tries This essay is intended to explore the statement that Person-centered therapy offers therapists all they need to treat clients. In order to do this I intend to further explore the opinions of other individuals practicing and researching counseling therapies. My first thoughts are that if the Person centered approach was sufficient, there might not have been such a great variety of...
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...BLANTYRE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT: PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING (BBA 122) INDEX NO. DATE: 17/03/14 ASSIGNMENT ONE. A. Usefulness of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to Marketing In the most basic sense, Maslow's hierarchy identifies five primary areas of needs experienced by most humans. Beginning with physiological, or basic life survival, needs, the model progresses in subsequent steps through safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem and finally selfactualization. Maslow postulated that as man meets the needs at the first level, he moves toward the next, then the next and so on. More recent studies have added levels to the needs hierarchy and refined the categories, but marketing classes throughout the country continue to use Maslow's needs hierarchy as a reasonable focus for modern marketing efforts. Maslow posited that human behaviour and decision-making are motivated by one of the five need levels in his hierarchy. Applied to marketing theory, your ability to effectively appeal to one of these motivational drivers is a key determinant of your potential success. Non-essential services massage treatments or custom tailoring, for example - may be marketed successfully to those in the fourth or fifth level of Maslow's hierarchy because those people are driven by the needs for increased self-esteem and realizing their full potential. The same marketing campaign is unlikely to appeal to those on the first level, as they are driven by the most basic of human needs:...
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...needs and external influences, which determine how a person will behave (Plunkett, 2008). Businesses with unmotivated employees often face low productivity and high turnover rates. Multiple theories help explain how workers are motivated and provide suggestions for how to increase motivation in the workplace. Motivation is an important area of business research and there are two categories of motivation theories: content theories and process theories. Content theories emphasize the needs that motivate people and process theories explain how employees choose behaviors to meet their needs and how they determine whether their choices were successful (Plunkett, 2008). A theory of motivation that offers the best chance of increasing productivity in my workplace the content theory: the hierarchy of needs. Hierarchy of needs was developed by the psychologist Abraham H. Maslow who based his study of motivation on a hierarchy of needs (Plunkett, 2008). According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in order to achieve certain needs. Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper, "A Theory of Human Motivation" and in his subsequent book, Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs...
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...Maslow's hierarchy of need Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs motivational model Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model in 1940-50s USA, and the Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development. Indeed, Maslow's ideas surrounding the Hierarchy of Needs concerning the responsibility of employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil their own unique potential are today more relevant than ever. While Maslow referred to various additional aspects of motivation, he expressed the Hierarchy of Needs in these five clear stages. 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs - work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization at the top. While the pyramid has become the de facto way to represent the hierarchy, Maslow himself never used a pyramid to describe...
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...Gwendolyn Frields Week Three Individual Paper Psychology of Personality PSY/250 March 30, 2011 As some techniques are exercise to describe the personality, two are frequently utilize to subsidize another approach. Together biological and humanistic approaches are naturally exercise as under tones. Personality by itself involves various issues. Evolutionary/inherent perception do not usually account for the biological mechanisms among genes and personality. Theorists use biological development in an effort to fill in the space among personality and genetics by inferring, theorizing, and exploring biological associations with behavior. Biological approaches personality in the pattern of collective character, behavioral, temperamental, emotional, and mental traits of a person. The term temperament is exercise to refer to stable individual differences in emotional reactivity. Example ones behavior toward a death of a family member the grieving may be weeping and trying to seek comfort from a higher power. To whereas another person might go into a deeper depression and has no understanding and why death and tend to feel there is no higher power no one this powerful would allow this type of pain. Present are various traits that make up a human being. They are the traits of human consciousness; or perhaps one can call them the gift of human character or simply character or personality traits (Posner nd). Maslow termed the highest level of the pyramid as growth needs. Maslow’s...
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...of motivation and the factors motivating effect on staff of the organization." Highly motivated staff - is essential for a successful organization. No company can succeed without the attitude of workers to work with high-impact, without a high level of commitment of staff members with no interest in the final result, and without their commitment to contribute to the achievement of goals. The aim of this work is to study and evaluate the impact of motivational factors at work within the organization and evaluation of the effectiveness of incentives. The implementation of this goal required the solution of the following research objectives: * Define the concept of motivation. * What is motivation? In 1943, in the journal Psychological Review published a paper of Abraham Maslow, which was called "The Theory of human motivation."In this article, Abraham Maslow attempted to formulate human motivation based on their needs. He organized human needs on five general levels. In contrast to the well-known in his time specialists in the field of psychology as Freud and Skinner, the conclusions of which were largely theoretical or based on animal behavior, Maslow's theory of motivation was based on clinical trials with humans. * Study the effect of the motivating factors of the staff of the organization. * What methods of improving staff motivation are the most effective? Any organization, regardless of size and status wants to contribute to the development of motivation in...
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...Research paper 6106 BUEG Business Management Fiona Brothwick 496048 Are people the main asset of a business? Abstract This paper investigates are people the main asset of a construction business and is motivation one of the most important factors affecting human behaviour and performance within the industry. This paper aims to review Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two factor theory and see how it employees motivation in today’s organisations. Introduction A common phrase used by management with companies in the modern working world is that '...people are a company’s most valuable asset”. Twenty five years ago this was not the case and the complete opposite was thought. Businesses appeared to operate despite the best attempts of the workers to take high salary increases for less and less work put in. The corporate world was seen to be 'them and us', referring to the management and the workforce. Massive Changes have taken place since then which cover a large number of different topics associated to people in all varieties of business organisations such as; * Communication * Motivation * Labour Relations * Job design Communication within the construction industry is a team effort embracing the client quantity surveyor architect and son on all with the main objective to get the job done has human beings. People management in organisations is changing more rapidly than any other area of a business. Old views and assumptions are being overturned...
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...Galloza University of Phoenix Human Capital Management in Puerto Rico HRM/571 PR December 21, 2011 Marta Angeli Rivera, PH-D. Compensation Compensation is everything the employee values and want and what the employer is able to offer in return for the contributions of the employee (Cascio 2006). This compensation system is composed of financial and non-financial incentives. Financial compensation are direct payments (wages) and indirect payments (benefits). Non-financial company, recognition, training programmes, decisions etc. involve everything in the work environment that helps increase your self esteem and respect of his teammates (Cascio 2006) Sales force compensation plan is based on statistics and research of the post for a competitive wage mechanism for employees. To structure a fair compensation system and maintain a staff with experience will implement a system of payment in stages: 1. Recent employees up two years, annual salary is $24,000 2 Two to five years, annual wage of $28,000. 3. From five to eight years annual salary of $34,000 4. Eight years or more wage of $38,000 annual. Sales Manager Sales managers will receive a basic salary of $55,000 per year. I was conditional on granting a 3% Commission of sales if the sales target is achieved by quarter and an additional 2% if met the objectives of the year. In addition to base salary will be offered an incentive of commission on sales which would be based on 5% of...
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...BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT on Motivation Introduction The word motivation came from Latin word “movere” which means push to action, (Source). Motivation is giving people the desire and energy to make an effort to reach their goal such as a job. There are a numbers of motivational theories and this assignment will look at how intrinsic and extrinsic motivators can affect employee’s motivation. Business will motivate their staff to achieve objectives in order for the company to reach their aims. However workers are motivated by different things, therefore this assignment will start with explaining and discussing motivational basic psychological triggers and the main initial theorists: F.W. Taylor (1856-1917), Elton Mayo (1880-1949), Maslow (1908-1970), Herzberg (1923-2000). Motivation We learn not only because we want to learn for satisfaction of learning but also because we are rewarded for learning and it enables us to achieve other things that we want, starting with food, a home and to some extent safety as well as status and self-esteem. Psychologists have come to separate between two main categories of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic: Intrinsic motivation takes place when someone gets satisfaction from an activity itself without threats or rewards from external factors or influences. Intrinsic motivation is only due to the person’s desire or will to participate in a task without any promise of a reward. A good example will be “A student's intrinsic interest in schooling...
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...Applications Professor Teri Michael Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for MGM 335 Organizational Behavior Principles By Deborah Cantin CTUO January 20, 2014 Motivational Theories and Applications This paper introduces three motivational theories with models. Each one provides a different method for motivating individuals in the workplace. We also discuss how Myers-Briggs (MBIT) factors into motivation. Employees need motivation based on their psychological and physical needs according to Abraham Maslow, Fredrick Herzberg, and the use of Myers-Briggs to identify individual behavioral traits. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs According to Kendra Cherry, “Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York” (Cherry, n.d.). Mr. Maslow was the first of seven children. His parents were Jewish and moved from Russia. He was a rather lonely boy who spent his childhood reading books. Mr. Maslow thirsted for more in-depth knowledge so he went on to study law at the City College of New York. During his time there, he married Bertha Goodman his first cousin. During his studies at the University of Wisconsin, he decided to study psychology. He found a mentor named Harrow Harlow who later became his doctoral advisor. Mr. Maslow went on to earn three psychology degrees from the University of Wisconsin. The three degrees included: a bachelors in 1930, a master’s in 1931, and a doctorate in 1934” (Cherry, n.d.). The foundation of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs...
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