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Accounting Case

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After reading the case, we need to figure out three questions, which are a. FFC’s determination of whether the respective markets for the instruments were active or inactive and whether there was a significant decease in the volume and level of activity for the instruments. b. The valuation technique used by FFC c. The classification in the fair value hierarchy for each input into the fair value measurement and how these classifications affects classification in the fair value hierarchy of the entire instrument.
We will answer these questions by each instrument separately:

First, Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO)

Before September30th, 2010, FFC was in an active market, and it determined the fair value of the CDO by using a market-based valuation technique that relies on inputs such as quotes prices for similar CDO securities and requires only insignificant adjustments. After that, there was a significant decrease in the volume and level of activities and the CDO’s market was not active. Besides, significant adjustments are required to determine fair value as of the measurement date given the lack of recent and relevant transactions. The valuation techniques FFC used for CDO is income approach, because this way could maximize the use of relevant observable input and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There are two factors FFC mainly considered in the fair value measurement. Frist, FFC considered the implied rate of return on September 30, 2010, which is the last date of active market for CDO. This is the Level 1 input. According to ASC820-10-35-40, Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The other factor considered is two nonbinding indicative quotas for CDO from brokers implied rates of return. This is Level 2 input. According to ASC820-10-35-47, Other observable inputs includes quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs derived from observable market data and so on. The input comes from brokers, which are multiple independent sources and the it based on brokers proprietary models but not actual transactions, these factors show that the input is observable.

Second, Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)

The respective market for Mortgage-Backed Security is active. Even though its market became volatile with some period of declining activity, however, the prices for the transactions were current and did not reduce their relevance to the fair value measure. FFC determine the fair value for its MBS by using only the observed market transactions, which is market approach. This is also one of the inputs FFC has considered, which is the prices for identical assets or liability in active market, therefore it is Level 1 input. As a alternative, FFC considered using a theoretical pricing model, and this unobservable input, therefore it is Level 3 input.

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