...EXERCISE 8-23 52 EXERCISE 8-25 53 PROBLEM 8-5 55 PROBLEM 8-11 59 Chapter 9 62 PROBLEM 9-1 62 EXERCISE 9-7 64 EXERCISE 9-9 66 PROBLEM 9-4 67 PROBLEM 9-6 68 Chapter 17 70 EXERCISE 17-6 70 Chapter 18 71 PROBLEM 18-1 71 PROBLEM 18-4 74 PROBLEM 18-6 76 PROBLEM 18-7 79 PROBLEM 18-8 81 EXERCISE 18-20 82 EXERCISE 18-21 82 Chapter 22 84 EXERCISE 22-2 84 EXERCISE 22-8 84 EXERCISE 22-11 84 Chapter 23 86 EXERCISE 23-11 86 EXERCISE 23-13 88 EXERCISE 23-15 90 Chapter 1 CA 1-4 It is not appropriate to abandon mandatory accounting rules and allow each company to voluntarily disclose the type of information it considered important. Without a coherent body of accounting theory and standards, each accountant or enterprise would have to develop its own theory structure and set of practices, and readers of financial statements would have to familiarize themselves with every company’s peculiar accounting and reporting practices. As a result, it would be almost impossible to prepare state-ments that could be compared. In addition, voluntary disclosure may not be an efficient way of disseminating information. A company is likely to disclose less information if it has the discretion to do so. Thus, the...
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...EXERCISE 8-23 52 EXERCISE 8-25 53 PROBLEM 8-5 55 PROBLEM 8-11 59 Chapter 9 62 PROBLEM 9-1 62 EXERCISE 9-7 64 EXERCISE 9-9 66 PROBLEM 9-4 67 PROBLEM 9-6 68 Chapter 17 70 EXERCISE 17-6 70 Chapter 18 71 PROBLEM 18-1 71 PROBLEM 18-4 74 PROBLEM 18-6 76 PROBLEM 18-7 79 PROBLEM 18-8 81 EXERCISE 18-20 82 EXERCISE 18-21 82 Chapter 22 84 EXERCISE 22-2 84 EXERCISE 22-8 84 EXERCISE 22-11 84 Chapter 23 86 EXERCISE 23-11 86 EXERCISE 23-13 88 EXERCISE 23-15 90 Chapter 1 CA 1-4 It is not appropriate to abandon mandatory accounting rules and allow each company to voluntarily disclose the type of information it considered important. Without a coherent body of accounting theory and standards, each accountant or enterprise would have to develop its own theory structure and set of practices, and readers of financial statements would have to familiarize themselves with every company’s peculiar accounting and reporting practices. As a result, it would be almost impossible to prepare state-ments that could be compared. In addition, voluntary disclosure may not be an efficient way of disseminating information. A company is likely to disclose less information if it has the discretion to do so. Thus,...
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...Accounting Policies for Reporting Income Strayer University Intermediate Accounting 1 – ACC 303 February 6, 2012 Professor Elizabeth Hewitt Accounting Policies for Reporting Income Examining accounting standards and policies information from various sources such as FASB Accounting Standards Codification (Financial Accounting Standards Board), AICPA (American Institute of CPA’s) and FASAB (Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board) I can give a overview of how these items are defined in various resources. The FASB Accounting Standards Codification is the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Looking at the online FASB site it offers the most GAAP generally accepted accounting principles. The site is set up so that you can access the topics you’re looking for in a sort of drill down menu type of search. The site is somewhat user friendly in that it offers a tutorial on how to use the site. It also offers several useful functions such as cross-referencing and join-sections. The AICPA sets ethical standards for the accounting profession and U.S. auditing standards for audits of private companies, non-profit organizations and federal, state and local governments. This resource offers tabs with drop down menus; one of which is marked Research under this tab you can find Standards that will take you to the Standard page offering a list of topics on Professional Accountant Standards such as ‘Audit and Attest Standards’...
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...ACCOUNTANCY CLASS: ACCOUNTING 1B TITTLE: PRINCIPLES OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ASSIGNMENT RESEARCH QUESTION EXAMINE THE PROVISIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD 1 (IAS 1) What is IAS 1? The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) provides a conceptual framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements. This currently consists of: 30 standards (IAS 1 – IAS 41) and 11 interpretations (SIC 7 – SIC 32). IAS-1: Presentation of Financial Statement Paragraph 7 of IAS -1 states that general purpose financial statements are those intended to meet the needs of users who are not in a position to demand reports that are tailored to their particular information needs. Paragraph10 of IAS -1 gives the complete list of these general purpose financial statements as follows: • A statement of financial position at the end of the period; • A statement of comprehensive income for the period; • A statement of changes in equity for the period; • A statement of cash flows for the period; • Notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information; Elements of Financial Statements: According to the Paragraph 9 of IAS-1, the financial statements provide information about the following information about the entity’s : Assets Liabilities Equity Income and expenses Contribution by and distribution to owners in their capacity as owners, and Cash flows Principles of Presentation ...
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...BAC 3684: ACCOUNTING THEORY LECTURER’S NAME: PROF PREM LAL JOSHI GROUP MEMBER’S STUDENT | STUDENT ID | DARREN TEH WE LOON | 1102702654 | CHEE YEN MUN | 1102700429 | CHANDRAPRIYA D/O GOPALACHANDRAN | 1101110492 | GAYATHIRY ULAKANATHAN | 1101110649 | a) In your opinion, why do standard setters require measurement methods other than traditional historical cost accounting? Accounting should be the most straightforward of topics for policymakers to deal with. Accounting is mainly about describing the past to reflect faithfully what has already happened. Yet, over the years, many securities regulators have told me of their surprise upon finding out that accounting policy is one of the most difficult and controversial topics to deal with. It is the same around the world. First of all, I was struck by the multitude of measurement techniques that both IFRSs and US GAAP prescribe, from historic cost, through value-in-use, to fair value and many shades in between.In all, our standards employ about 20 variants based on historic cost or current value. Because the differences between these techniques are often small, the significance of this apparently large number should not be over-dramatised. Still, the multitude of measurement techniques indicates that accounting standard-setters often struggle to find a clear answer to the question of how an asset or liability should be valued.It is also remarkable that...
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...Accounting Policies for Reporting Income Accounting Policies for Reporting Income Dana Ferretti ACC 303 Dr. M. Austin Zekeri Intermediate Accounting 1 November 20, 2011 Accounting Policies for Reporting Income GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) refers to a common set of standards and procedures that companies follow to present their income and expenses, assets and liabilities of their financial statements. The FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) is the major operating organization that establishes and improves the rules of GAAP reporting. GAAP demands companies to disclose their accounting policies in their financial reports. The authoritative literature provided by the FASB, determines the classifications of comprehensive income and net income. Accounting policies are a group of specific policies that consist of principles, rules, and procedures that a company must follow when preparing and reporting its’ financial statements. These policies should include measurement systems, methods, and procedures for presenting disclosures. Accounting policies also include matters such as; depreciation methods, consolidation of accounts, inventory pricing, goodwill, and research and development costs. When these disclosures are presented, it assists the financial users and readers a better interpretation of the company’s financial status. [FASB 235-10-50] The authoritative literature of the FASB Accounting Standards...
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...issued by Lifeson and Lee. First Year Audits Neil, Inc. has never been audited. This presents a difficult situation for Lifeson and Lee since they are relying on past financial statements to determine the validity of 2010 financials. According to AU section 420.24, “When the independent auditor has not audited the financial statements of a company for the preceding year, he should adopt procedures that are practicable and reasonable in the circumstances to assure himself that the accounting principles employed are consistent between the current and the preceding.” In order for Lifeson and Lee to gain confidence of consistency and accuracy they would have to expand their audit to financial records of the prior year according to the AICPA professional standards. Strictly adhering to the facts of the case, it makes no mention of such expansion; thus we conclude that Lifeson and Lee did not obtain “sufficient appropriate audit evidence about the consistent application of accounting principles between the current and the prior year, as well as...
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...understanding the GAAP principles and recent standards that affect Google can be a tough job. They tackle it head on though. Google Introduction/Background Information In 1997 Google started out as a search engine called backrub that operated on Stanford’s servers. Back rub didn’t have enough bandwidth to hold all of the information. Larry and Sergey renamed it Google, a play on the word “googol” a mathematical term for the number one followed by 100 zeroes. (,) They use this to show just how much information they want to organize on the web, an infinite amount. In 1998, they found a co-founder and sets up shop in the co-founders garage, by December 1998 they are recognized by “PC Magazine” as the search engine of choice in the Top 100 web sites for 1998. In 1999 with eight employees, a new company dog, two new offices, first press release and a new chef, Google is fully in business. In 2000, Google released google.com in fifteen different languages, win their first awards, partner with Yahoo!, launch Google Ad words and Google toolbars, and announce the first billion-URL index making them the worlds largest search engine. Over a decade later Google still proudly holds the title of the largest search engine. Google offers many tools a few are a browser, blogger, social network, email, maps, most widely known is Android. GAAP and description of accounting principles Generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) was developed...
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...AC2101 – Accounting Recognition and Measurement Agenda for Seminar 1 A. Course introduction 1. Contents overview Seminars 1 to 3 Conceptual Issues Underlying Accounting Recognition and Measurement presented by 2. Assessment components & expectations 3. Administrative matters B. Conceptual overview 1. Purpose of accounting & its role in contracting 2. Concepts of recognition, measurement & disclosure in accounting Low Kin Yew Associate Professor Nanyang Business School Semester 1 2012-13 2 Course Contents Overview Contents 1 Fundamental concepts & issues in accounting Assets: a. Leases b.Investment property c. Financial assets Liabilities: a. Financial liabilities b. Deferred tax liabilities Seminar # 1, 2 & 3 3, 4 & 5 7 8, 9 & 10 Course Contents Overview Contents 4 Equity Revenue a. Revenue recognition principles & criteria b. Customer loyalty programs c. Construction vs. real estate development Expenses a. Expense recognition principles b. Share-based payments transactions & employee stock options c. Employee benefits Seminar # 16 2 5 17 18 19 & 20 3 11 & 12 13, 14 & 15 6 21 21, 22 & 23 23 3 4 Assessment Components Components 1 2 3 4 Seminar participation Group project presentation Term quiz Final exam Total Weighs 15 15 20 50 100 Individual Group (contents: 50%) & individual (presentation 50%) Individual Individual Basis Seminar Participation: Expectations (Project Discovery) Pedagogy • Students take active responsibility...
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...Answer (A): The statement of comprehensive income is defined as the change the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners (Fasb.org, 2014). The statement includes revenue, finance costs, tax expenses, discontinued operations, profit share and profit or loss. Income statement covers a period of time that is usually a year or what organization might call as their financial year. It serves as a measuring tool to show the company’s profitability for the year of which proves the performance of company. Profits are made when the revenue, which is the income of the company’s financial year are greater then their expense of the year. Comprehensive income can be calculated by summing the net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income is basically the net effect of accounting transactions, which sidestep the income statement and are identified directly in equity. Examples for such other comprehensive income are gains/losses on available for sale securities, unrecognized actuarial gains/losses, change in revaluation surplus, etc. Accumulated other comprehensive income is the accumulated change in equity (gains/losses) since the start of business due to accounting transactions that are directly accounted for in equity. The general purpose of the...
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...All rights reserved. Becker CPA Review, PassMaster Questions Lecture: Financial 1 Sources of GAAP CPA-00001 Type1 M/C A-D Corr Ans: D PM#1 F 1-01 1. CPA-00001 FARE Nov 95 #1, Released 2006 Page 6 According to the FASB conceptual framework, the objectives of financial reporting for business enterprises are based on: a. Generally accepted accounting principles. b. Reporting on management's stewardship. c. The need for conservatism. d. The needs of the users of the information. CPA-00001 Explanation Choice "d" is correct. The FASB conceptual framework states that the objectives of financial reporting stem from the informational needs of the external users of the information. SFAC 1 para. 28 Choice "a" is incorrect. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are derived from and based on the objectives of financial reporting, not the other way around. Choice "b" is incorrect. Information concerning management's stewardship is only one aspect of the information financial statements are intended to provide. SFAC 1 para. 50 Choice "c" is...
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...The financial accounting standards board (FASB) has developed a research tool to assist people in finding the correct guidelines and generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that apply to companies not ran by the government. [ (multiple, FASB Accounting Standards Codification, 2009) ] The Codification is to give up to date releases of standard-setting activity, ensure accurate codified material, and simply access of all authoritative US GAAP into one centralized location. The Codification does not have standards for state and local governments just standards set by the FASB, EIT, APB and AICPA to name a few standard setters. The SEC is included in the Codification standards, but just the technical information and not the entire rules, regulations or interpretive releases. Grandfathered content is excluded from the Codification. This would include information about pensions, business combinations and income taxes. The Codification is broken down into five main sections with multiple subsections. These sections are topics, subtopics, section, paragraphs, and subparagraphs. This use of a well organized approach to sorting and combining accounting standards and literature has made the Codification a primary resource for entities and other users alike. Comprehensive income is defined as “the change in equity (net assets) of a business entity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources. It includes all changes in equity during...
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...Accounting Concepts, Assumptions, Principles, Elements Key Things to Know Objectives of Financial Reporting: 1. Provide useful information to investors and creditors for decision making (assume users have a “reasonable understanding” of business). 2. Provide information to access the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of cash inflows and outflows. 3. Provide information about resources (assets) and claims to resources (liabilities). Recognition: An item should be recognized in the financial statements when it meets all 4 of the following criteria: 1. Definition: meets the definition of an element 2. Measurability: measurable with sufficient reliability 3. Relevance: makes a difference in the decision 4. Reliability – representationally faithful, verifiable, neutral Accounting Underlying Assumptions - Basis for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Entity Assumption - each business is its own “accounting” entity. Periodicity Assumption - divide economic activities into time periods for reporting. Going Concern Assumption - the company will remain in business and will...
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...Property, Plant and Equipment Property, Plant and Equipment I- Nature of Accounting Issues Businesses purchase and use a variety of fixed assets, such as equipment, furniture, tools, machinery, buildings, and land. These fixed assets are long-term or relatively permanent assets. Also, they are tangible assets because they exist physically. They are owned and used by the business and are not offered for sale as part of normal operations. Perhaps the most descriptive titles these assets are known under are plant assets or property, plant and equipment. Depending on the industry, the plant assets of a business can be a significant part of its total assets. That is why the accounting for these long-term assets has important implications for a company’s reported results. In this paper, we discuss the proper accounting for the acquisition, use, and disposition of property, plant, and equipment. Before going over a brief overview of the nature of accounting issues, we ought to take a deeper look at what plant assets really are. The major characteristics of property, plant, and equipment are as follows: * They are acquired for use in operations and not for resale. Only assets used in normal business operations are classified as property, plant, and equipment. For example, an idle building is more appropriately classified separately as an investment. Also, land developers or sub dividers classify land as inventory. * They are long-term in nature and usually depreciated...
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...The Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (also known as “the Codification”) was created by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to provide users of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) one place to access authoritative literature on GAAP. The FASB also developed the Financial Accounting Standards Board Codification Research System (CRS). “CRS is an online real-time database that provides easy access to the Codification. The Codification and the related CRS provide a topically organized structure, subdivided into topic, subtopics, sections, and paragraphs, using a numerical index system.” (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2010, p 14) CRS can be used to research GAAP information such as accounting policies, comprehensive income, net income, other comprehensive income, and reclassification adjustments. Definitions of accounting policies can be found in two ways on CRS website, asc.fasb.org/home. Definitions can be found in the Master Glossary. The link to the Master Glossary is the last entry in the far left column. Definitions can also be found in the Glossary link under each specific topic. For example, comprehensive income is defined as: The change in equity (net assets) of a business entity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from nonowner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. CRS...
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