...This article goes into depth about the causes and treatments for the ACL which stands for anterior cruciate ligament, one of the main four ligaments in the knee. The knee is supported by the MCL (medial collateral ligament), LCL (lateral collateral ligament), PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) and ACL. The ACL goes through the middle of the knee, it helps provide motion stability to the knee, it is also known as one of the most commonly injured ligament. People who take part in risky sports such as football, dance, soccer, gymnastics, etc are more likely to tear their ACL. When the ACL is injured it’s likely there are other ligaments injured or possible bruising on the bone. An MRI can help accurately depict what has been hurt. The ACL is...
Words: 366 - Pages: 2
...told about one incident minimum. Studies showed that 47% of people will have knee pain and about 19% have or will have ACL injury. That’s the point I want to focus on today, 19% ACL injury?! That’s quite a lot of people but if you compare it with the number of athletes that had or will had ACL injury in their whole career it’s not that spectacular if I can say, because the athletes have a number of 32% in ACL injury. An injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament can be a debilitating musculoskeletal injury to the knee, seen most often in athletes. Non-contact tears and ruptures are the most common causes of ACL injury. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important ligament for proper movement. ACL injury more commonly causes knee instability that does injury to other knee ligaments. Injuries of the ACL range from mild such as small tears to severe when the ligament is completely torn. Symptoms of an ACL injury include hearing a sudden popping sound, swelling, and anterior instability of the knee (i.e. a "wobbly" feeling). Pain is also a major symptom in an ACL injury and can range from moderate to severe. Continued athletic activity on a knee with an ACL injury can have devastating consequences, resulting in massive cartilage damage, leading to an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis later in life. Other problems include anterior knee instability. ACL injury is a common cause of noncontact knee injury in football. Falls occur when the knee gives way sometimes without...
Words: 1881 - Pages: 8
...Name | : | Marwa binti Abd Malek. | | | | Title of article | : | The Lumbar Spine and Low Back Pain in Golf: A Literature Review of Swing Biomechanics and Injury Prevention. | | | | Author and Brief Background | : | 1) George S. Gluck, MD. * Works as an Orthopaedic Surgeon at Hand Center of Nevada, Comprehensive Upper Extremity Care from Hand to Shoulder * Member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2) John A. Bendo, MD. * Works as a Clinical Associate Professor and Vice Chair Clinical Affairs at Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (Ortho-Spine Surgery Div) and Hospital for Joint Diseases. 3) Jeffrey M. Spivak, MD. * Works as an Assistant Professor at Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (Ortho-Spine Surgery Div) and Hospital for Joint Diseases NYU Orthopaedic Surgery Associates. | | | | Journal Title and Vol. Number | : | The Spine Journal 8 (2008) 778–788. | | | | Date of submission | : | 3rd January 2013 | MY REVIEW Introduction The article informs readers that golf swing causes great impact to lumbar spine and it lead to low back pain (LBP) among golfers. It also educate readers the details of the study on less injury swing technique, causes of LBP among golfers, the treatment and prevention techniques. It stated that the prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID), muscle strain and facet joint capsule trauma will occur when the spine is given loads of 5,448N in flexion extension movement together with rotational movement...
Words: 1368 - Pages: 6
...MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES CASTS A cast is used to immobilize and hold bone fragments during reduction. It is made up of layers of plaster or fiberglass (water-activated polyurethane resin) bandages molded to the body part that it encases. Indications * To apply uniform compression of soft tissues * To permit early mobilization * To correct and prevent deformities * To support and stabilize weak joints Types of Casts 1 Short and long -arm cast for the upper limbs. : Extends from below the elbow to the proximal palmar crease. 2 Gauntlet Cast (thumb spica): from below the elbow to the proximal palmar crease. 3 Short and Long-leg Cast for the lower limbs. 4 Body Cast: Encircles the trunk stabilizing the spine. 5 Spica Cast: Incorporates the trunk and extremity. 6 Shoulder spica: encloses trunk, shoulder, and elbow. 7 Hip spica: encloses trunk and a lower extremity and can be single or double. Single extends from nipple line to include pelvis and one thigh while double includes both thighs and lower legs. 8 Cast-brace: External support about a fracture that is constructed with hinges to permit early motion of joints, early mobilization, and independence. 9 Cylinder Cast: Can be used for upper or lower extremity e.g. fracture or dislocation of knee or elbow dislocation. Complications of Casts * Pressure of cast may cause necrosis, pressure sores, and nerve palsies. * Compartment syndrome * Cast syndrome associated especially of...
Words: 6926 - Pages: 28
...ESSAY - (lateral-) meniscus - posterior horn rupture In sports and orthopedics, a tear of a meniscus is a rupture of one or more fibrocartilage strips in the knee called menisci. Anatomy There are two menisci in the knee. The menisci are C-shaped wedges of fibrocartilage located between the tibial plateau and femoral condyles. While the ends of the thigh bone and the shin bone have a thin covering of soft hyaline cartilage, the menisci are made of tough fibrocartilage and contain 70% type I collagen. They conform to the surfaces of the bones they rest on. One meniscus rests on the medial tibial plateau; this is the medial meniscus. The other meniscus rests on the lateral tibial plateau; this is the lateral meniscus. The larger semilunar medial meniscus is attached more firmly than the loosely fixed, more circular lateral meniscus. The anterior and posterior horns of both menisci are secured to the tibial plateaus. Anteriorly, the transverse ligament connects the 2 menisci; posteriorly, the meniscofemoral ligament helps stabilize the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the femoral condyle. The coronary ligaments connect the peripheral meniscal rim loosely to the tibia. Although the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) passes in close proximity, the lateral meniscus has no attachment to this structure.[4] The joint capsule attaches to the entire periphery of each meniscus but adheres more firmly to the medial meniscus. An interruption in the attachment of the joint...
Words: 2457 - Pages: 10
...Positions on the Soccer Field There are 11 positions on the soccer field, but they always fall into four broad categories. Even in smaller games, the number of players in each category may change, but by and large, the positions do not. The Goalkeeper The goalkeeper is the only player allowed to use his hands and that can only occur within the confines of the penalty area. There are never more that two goalkeepers on the field at any time — one on each team. The goalkeeper’s uniform is different from the rest of his team’s to make it obvious which player may use his hands. The jersey, often with long sleeves, is colored to clash with the others. And since the 1970s, goalkeepers have worn gloves to both protect their hands and enhance their grip on the ball. Some of the best goalkeepers in the world are Gianluigi Buffon of Italy and Iker Casillas of Spain. The Defenders A defender’s primary duty is to win back the ball from the opposition and prevent them from scoring. Teams play with anywhere from three to five at the back and each member of the defense tends to have a different, yet equally important duty. The defenders stationed in the center of the back line (known as central defenders or center backs) tend to be some of the taller and stronger members of the team since they so frequently have to win the ball in the air. They go forward very little, except on set pieces, and hold a position of great responsibility. The defenders on the flanks (known as wingbacks...
Words: 12900 - Pages: 52
...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
Words: 201595 - Pages: 807
...jon24565_ch05.qxd 11/2/05 1:22 PM Page 138 C H A P T E R 5 Business Ethics and the Legal Environment of Business Learning Objectives After studying this chapter you should be able to: 1. Understand the relationship between ethics and the law and appreciate why it is important to behave ethically. 2. Differentiate between the claims of the different stakeholder groups affected by a company’s actions. 3. Identify the four main sources of business ethics, and describe four rules that can be used to help companies and their employees behave ethically. 4. Describe some methods companies can use to strengthen their ethical rules and positions. 5. Appreciate the important ways in which a nation’s business laws and regulations affect business commerce, occupations, and organizations. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT ? A friend who is an A-student has offered to write your paper, which is worth 25% of your grade, for $50. You need the course to graduate because you only have a low C average. You hate writing, do it very poorly, and know others have had good results submitting this student’s papers as their own. Will you pay the money and submit the paper or submit your own paper and pray for a good result? This chapter will help you learn how to act ethically when facing dilemmas in your business and personal life. This is important because the decisions you make will affect your own future and those of stakeholders of the organizations that...
Words: 21076 - Pages: 85
...jon24565_ch05.qxd 11/2/05 1:22 PM Page 138 C H A P T E R 5 Business Ethics and the Legal Environment of Business Learning Objectives After studying this chapter you should be able to: 1. Understand the relationship between ethics and the law and appreciate why it is important to behave ethically. 2. Differentiate between the claims of the different stakeholder groups affected by a company’s actions. 3. Identify the four main sources of business ethics, and describe four rules that can be used to help companies and their employees behave ethically. 4. Describe some methods companies can use to strengthen their ethical rules and positions. 5. Appreciate the important ways in which a nation’s business laws and regulations affect business commerce, occupations, and organizations. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT ? A friend who is an A-student has offered to write your paper, which is worth 25% of your grade, for $50. You need the course to graduate because you only have a low C average. You hate writing, do it very poorly, and know others have had good results submitting this student’s papers as their own. Will you pay the money and submit the paper or submit your own paper and pray for a good result? This chapter will help you learn how to act ethically when facing dilemmas in your business and personal life. This is important because the decisions you make will affect your own future and those of stakeholders of the organizations that...
Words: 21076 - Pages: 85
...C H A P T E R 5 Business Ethics and the Legal Environment of Business Learning Objectives After studying this chapter you should be able to: 1. Understand the relationship between ethics and the law and appreciate why it is important to behave ethically. 2. Differentiate between the claims of the different stakeholder groups affected by a company’s actions. 3. Identify the four main sources of business ethics, and describe four rules that can be used to help companies and their employees behave ethically. 4. Describe some methods companies can use to strengthen their ethical rules and positions. 5. Appreciate the important ways in which a nation’s business laws and regulations affect business commerce, occupations, and organizations. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT ? A friend who is an A-student has offered to write your paper, which is worth 25% of your grade, for $50. You need the course to graduate because you only have a low C average. You hate writing, do it very poorly, and know others have had good results submitting this student’s papers as their own. Will you pay the money and submit the paper or submit your own paper and pray for a good result? This chapter will help you learn how to act ethically when facing dilemmas in your business and personal life. This is important because the decisions you make will affect your own future and those of stakeholders of the organizations that employ you. A Question of Business How Different Ethical Stances Can Help or Harm...
Words: 20958 - Pages: 84
...THE STUDENT'S PRACTICAL DICTIONARY ; fNdkoq ; CONTAINING English words with English and Hindi Meanings and Pronunciation in Deva Nagri Character with an Appendix containing Familiar Foreign Words and Phrases and Abbreviations in Common use. FIFTEENTH EDITION Thoroughly Revised,Improved,Enlarged and Illustrated PRICE 3 RUPESS ALLAHABAD RAM NARAIN LAL PUBLISHER AND BOOKSELLER 1936 ISCII text of dictionary taken from from TDIL's ftp: anu.tdil.gov.in pub dict site I N 1.m I Pron 1.m a Det 1.ek, abatement N abbey N 1.kmF, GVtF, GVAv, mdApn, b A, 2. yAg, smAE ag jF vZmAlA kA Tm a"r tTA -vr, 2. tk m phlA kESpt pzq vA -tAv , aback Adv 1.acAnk, ekAek, 2.pFC abandon VT 1.CoX nA, yAg nA, yAgnA, tjnA, d d 2.EbnA aAj^ nA nOkrF CoXnA, apn ko drAcAr aAEd m CoX nA, d , nA d d abandoned A 1.CoXA h,aA, Enjn -TAn , 2.EbgXA h,aA, iEdy lolp, lMpV, drAcArF, aAvArA , , abandonment N 1.pZ yAg, sMpZ aA mo sg, EbSkl CoX nA d , abate VI 1.km honA, GVnA, DFmA honA abate VT 1.km krnA, GVAnA, DFmA krnA, m@ym krnA, rok nA, smA krnA d 1 1.IsAiyo kA mW, gz\ArA, kVF, mW, , , 2.mht aADFn sADao kF mXlF k , abbot N 1.mht, mWDArF, mWAEDkArF abbreviate VT 1.km krnA, s" krnA, CoVA krnA, p sAr EnkAlnA abbreviation N 1.s" , GVAv, sAr, lG,!p, skt, p 2.sE" pd yAf, fNd yA pd kA lG!p ^ , abdicate VTI 1.-vQCA s CoXnA, yAg krnA, tjnA, pd yAg krnA abdication N 1.pd yAg abdomen N 1.X, V, k"F, udr p p , abdominal A 1.udr sMbDF, V kA p abduct VI 1.BgA l jAnA, EnkAl l...
Words: 164153 - Pages: 657
...How to go to your page This eBook set contains two volumes. The main content pages are contiguously numbered: use the Table of Contents to find those page numbers. The front matter pages and indices are labeled with the Volume number and page separated by a colon. For example, to go to page vi of Volume 1, type Vol1:vi in the “page #” box at the top of the screen and click “Go”. To go to page vi of Volume 2, type Vol2:vi in the "page #" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC...
Words: 218741 - Pages: 875
...SITUATION : Arthur, A registered nurse, witnessed an old woman hit by a motorcycle while crossing a train railway. The old woman fell at the railway. Arthur rushed at the scene. 1. As a registered nurse, Arthur knew that the first thing that he will do at the scene is A. Stay with the person, Encourage her to remain still and Immobilize the leg while While waiting for the ambulance. B. Leave the person for a few moments to call for help. C. Reduce the fracture manually. D. Move the person to a safer place. 2. Arthur suspects a hip fracture when he noticed that the old woman’s leg is A. Lengthened, Abducted and Internally Rotated. B. Shortened, Abducted and Externally Rotated. C. Shortened, Adducted and Internally Rotated. D. Shortened, Adducted and Externally Rotated. 3. The old woman complains of pain. John noticed that the knee is reddened, warm to touch and swollen. John interprets that this signs and symptoms are likely related to A. Infection B. Thrombophlebitis C. Inflammation D. Degenerative disease 4. The old woman told John that she has osteoporosis; Arthur knew that all of the following factors would contribute to osteoporosis except A. Hypothyroidism B. End stage renal disease C. Cushing’s Disease D. Taking Furosemide and Phenytoin. 5. Martha, The old woman was now Immobilized and brought to the emergency room. The X-ray shows a fractured femur and pelvis. The ER Nurse would carefully monitor Martha for which of the following...
Words: 53501 - Pages: 215
