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Activity 6

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Critical Angle

Activity 6 - Critical Angle

Jairrus Publico1*, Reinner Pagayon2, Clauzette Lofamia3, Jessamine Draper4

National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City

*Jairrus Publico: theusername125@gmail.com

Abstract

This paper discusses how to determine the coefficient of static friction by finding the critical angle between two different surfaces in contact on an inclined plane. It aims to determine the coefficient of static friction between two surfaces in an inclined plane by measuring the critical angle θc, the steepest angle of incline in which the mass in contact does not slide. This paper also aims to show the relationship between the materials in contact and the effect of their masses to the critical angle θc. The experiment also shows the accuracy of using Newton's second law in measuring the coefficient of static friction.

Keywords: static friction, coefficient of static friction, critical angle

1. Introduction

Friction is the force that opposes motion. It is the resistance of surfaces moving against one another. It is a force that plays a very important role in our lives. Without it, we cannot walk, do our daily chores, and even slide endlessly due to external forces. This phenomenon remained unknown to the early people until Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) studied and analyzed its importance in machines. He observed that different materials in contact move with varying ease. He stated the following laws; first, the areas in contact have no effect on friction and second, if the load of an object is doubled, its friction will also be doubled. This is an early manifestation of Newton's laws, which were defined 200 years later.

Guillaume Amontons (1663-1705), an architect who designed one of the first steam engines, constructed the first gas thermometer, and invented the optical telegraph,

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