...Ada Lovelace was born in London on December 10th, 1815. Her parents were Lord George Gordon Byron and Lady Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron. They didn’t have a happy relationship, and Lady Byron separated from her husband weeks after Ada was born. A few months later, Lord Byron left England, and Ada never saw him again because unfortunately he died in Greece when Ada was 8 years old. Later on in her life, Ada’s mother hired tutors to teach her science and math. She believed that if Ada engaged in these, it would prevent her from developing her father's moody and unpredictable temper. In 1835, Ada married William King. They had three children together. Ada's health suffered after a case of cholera in 1837. Doctors gave her painkillers and her personality...
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...Because the mathematician and computer scientist Ada Lovelace did her work at a time when mesmerism was popular, both mesmerism and the ideas that sparked its popularity had a significant influence on Lovelace’s conceptions of her role as a scientist and on the substance on her work as well. Women in Victorian England were often subject to the belief that they were incapable of true intellectual thought because of inherent differences between their bodies and minds and those of men. For instance, it was commonly thought that women had extremely creative minds, which meant that they could not analyze evidence accurately and therefore could not become intellectuals. However, the supposed creativity of women’s minds resulted in the image of...
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...Ada Lovelace, born as Augusta Ada Byron, was a genius mathematician. She is known for writing the instructions to the first computer program in the mid 1800’s. Ada created so many computer techniques, and is the first computer programmer. Ada’s parents, Lord George Gordon Byron and Lady Anne Isabella Milbanke did not have a very happy marriage. Lord Byron left England a few months after separating from his wife, and Ada never saw her father again. He then died in Greece when Ada was 8 years old. Ada had an unusual childhood, as an aristocratic girl. Ada's mother forced her to sit still. Lady Byron believed this would help Ada develop self control. Even though such subjects were not common for women to learn in the 1800’s, Ada had tutors...
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...Women Inventors, What significant inventions( important parts of our lives) are women responsible for? Battery container Nancy Perkins 1986 Beehive Thiphena Hornbrook 1861 Canister vacuum Nancy Perkins 1987 Car heater Margaret Wilcox 1893 Circular saw Tabitha Babbit 1812 Computer program Augusta Ada Byron 1842 Cooking stove Elizabeth Hawk 1867 Dam and reservoir construction Harriet Strong 1887 Direct and return mailing envelope Beulah Henry 1962 Dishwasher Josephine Cochran 1872 Drinking fountain device Laurene O'Donnell 1985 Electric hot water heater Ida Forbes 1917 Elevated railway Mary Walton 1881 Engine muffler El Dorado Jones 1917 Feedback control for data processing Erna Hoover 1971 Fire escape Anna Connelly 1887 Globes Ellen Fitz 1875 Grain storage bin Lizzie Dickelman 1920 Improved locomotive wheels Mary Jane Montgomery 1864 Improvement in dredging machines Emily Tassey 1876 Improvement in stone pavements Emily Gross 1877 Kevlar, a steel-like fiber used in radial tires, crash helmets, and bulletproof vests Stephanie Kwolek 1966 Life raft Maria Beaseley 1882 Liquid Paper correction fluid Bette Nesmith Graham 1956 Locomotive chimney Mary Walton 1879 Medical syringe Letitia Geer 1899 Mop-wringer pail Eliza Wood 1889 Oil burner Amanda Jones 1880 Permanent wave for the hair Marjorie Joyner 1928 Portable screen summer house Nettie Rood 1882 Refrigerator Florence Parpart 1914 Rolling pin Catherine Deiner 1891 Rotary...
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...Pythagorean theory; the Romans brought the Roman Numerals and even the Islam brought the “al jabr” which is known today as “Algebra”. The Chinese brought the remainder theorem and the Indians developed the decimal system, zero and negative numbers, and did early trigonometric work on the sine and cosine. The first computers were calculating machines and over time evolved into the digital computers, as we know them today. It has taken over 180 years for the computer to develop from an idea in Charles Babbage head into an actual computer developed today by many different companies. Therefore, it was a long and tedious path in order to make the computer into what we now use today. However, this paper will focus on Charles Babbage and his contributions to modern day computing technology. This paper will start from his early years and turning point in the world of computers. HIS EARLY YEARS Charles Babbage was an English...
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...vA Very Brief History of Computer Science Written by Jeffrey Shallit for CS 134 at the University of Waterloo in the summer of 1995. This little web page was hastily stitched together in a few days. Perhaps eventually I will get around to doing a really good job. Suggestions are always welcome. A translation of this web page into French has been prepared by Anne Dicky at the University of Bordeaux. Before 1900 People have been using mechanical devices to aid calculation for thousands of years. For example, the abacus probably existed in Babylonia (present-day Iraq) about 3000 B.C.E. The ancient Greeks developed some very sophisticated analog computers. In 1901, an ancient Greek shipwreck was discovered off the island of Antikythera. Inside was a salt-encrusted device (now called the Antikythera mechanism) that consisted of rusted metal gears and pointers. When this c. 80 B.C.E. device was reconstructed, it produced a mechanism for predicting the motions of the stars and planets. (More Antikythera info here.) John Napier (1550-1617), the Scottish inventor of logarithms, invented Napier's rods (sometimes called "Napier's bones") c. 1610 to simplify the task of multiplication. In 1641 the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) built a mechanical adding machine. Similar work was done by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Leibniz also advocated use of the binary system for doing calculations. Recently it was discovered that Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635)...
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...universally accessible to humans. Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information, computation, and with practical techniques for their implementation and application. History The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as the abacus have existed since antiquity. Wilhelm Schickard designed the first mechanical calculator in 1623, but did not complete its construction. Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, the Pascaline, in 1642. Charles Babbage designed a difference engine and then a general-purpose Analytical Engine in Victorian times, for which Ada Lovelace wrote a manual. Because of this work she is...
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...Computer can be a helpful place to find information on certain topics. With their quick processing ability helping, it makes informed decisions more quickly and to perform our work faster and easier. That is why many people in the world were depending in computers. And yet computer is a very friendly use for us to do whatever and whenever task we want to do. The Computer has a great literacy for over fifty years; beginning with the famous ENIAC, a revolution has been taking place in the United States and the world. The personal computer has changed the way many people think and live. With its amazing versatility, it has found its way into every area of life, and knowing how to operate it is a requirement for today's world. Body of the Paper: Computers today are used in a way people commonly are doing work on it. There is more to computer typing there’s programming, troubleshooting, communications, and many of more uses from them people and I go through. People has know that there is more to computers then just typing more of it comes where in how other specific devices are used to convert data. Troubleshooting things such as viruses, networking, data loss, putting computer together, etc. has taught more in depth about computers today. Having to do all of this has shown me that computers are a source of reflection of how it used and done with. Communications and new software development has made people has their life’s saved is now another things used for computers to talk...
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...Computer science From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.[1][2] Computer scientists invent algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information and formulate suitable abstractions to model complex systems. Computer science has many sub-fields; some, such as computational complexity theory, study the fundamental properties of computational problems, while others, such as computer graphics, emphasize the computation of specific results. Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describe computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems, and human-computer interaction focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The general public sometimes confuses computer science with careers that deal with computers (such as information technology), or think that it relates to their own experience of computers, which typically involves activities such as gaming, web-browsing, and word-processing. However, the focus of computer science is more on understanding the properties of the programs used to implement...
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...QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Fundamentals of ICT Midterm Reviewer Prepared by Ronald T. Sapiandante - BSIT Faculty Introduction: Hello class, here is our midterm reviewer. The reviewer was divided into five sections. The first part discusses history of computers, the second part is all about hardware, the third deals on software, fourth on communication and lastly, the peopleware will be tackled on the fifth. The outline of the reviewer was based on the Fundamental of ICT syllabus and course guide issued by the BSIT-Department for School Year 2011-2012. The content of this reviewer is largely based on the report you uploaded in our yahoo groups, while most of the other materials I personally included were taken from Wikipedia, Guestpaper.net httpEzineArticles.com/6069444 For your comments, suggestions, clarifications, or for any errors you found in this reviewer please post a message to our yahoo groups or bring it to my attention during university time. Remember I’m giving grades not only to those who can give the right answer to the question but also to those who can ask the right question! Read along!!! Part 1- History of Computer If we open a book on Introduction to Computer and look for the meaning of “Computer” though the author may use different words we will came across the common meaning of computer: a. That the computer is an electronic device; b. That the computer can accept input; c. That the computer are capable...
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...HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER ARTICLE WRITTEN BY: ADEBOWALE ONIFADE ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN NIGERIA REGION 8 HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER ABSTRACT This paper takes a keen look at the history of computer technology with a view to encouraging computer or electrical electronic engineering students to embrace and learn the history of their profession and its technologies. Reedy (1984) quoted Aldous Huxley thus: “that men do not learn very much from the lessons of history is the most important of all the lessons that history has to teach.” This paper therefore emphasizes the need to study history of the computer because a proper study and understanding of the evolution of computers will undoubtedly help to greatly improve on computer technologies. INTRODUCTION The word ‘computer’ is an old word that has changed its meaning several times in the last few centuries. Originating from the Latin, by the mid-17th century it meant ‘someone who computes’. The American Heritage Dictionary (1980) gives its first computer definition as “a person who computes.” The computer remained associated with human activity until about the middle of the 20th century when it became applied to “a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data” as Webster’s Dictionary (1980) defines it. Today, the word computer refers to computing devices, whether or not they are electronic, programmable, or capable of ‘storing and retrieving’ data...
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...N E L L D A L E J O H N L E W I S illuminated computer science J O N E S A N D B A RT L E T T C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E computer science illuminated N E L L D A L E J O H N L E W I S computer science illuminated N E L L D A L E J O H N Villanova University L E W I S University of Texas, Austin Jones and Bartlett Publishers is pleased to provide Computer Science Illuminated’s book-specific website. This site offers a variety of resources designed to address multiple learning styles and enhance the learning experience. Goin’ Live This step-by-step HTML Tutorial will guide you from start to finish as you create your own website. With each lesson, you’ll gain experience and confidence working in the HTML language. Online Glossary We’ve made all the key terms used in the text easily accessible to you in this searchable online glossary. The Learning Store Jones and Bartlett Publishers has a wealth of material available to supplement the learning and teaching experience. Students and instructors will find additional resources here or at http://computerscience. jbpub.com The Language Library Here you will find two complete chapters that supplement the book’s language-neutral approach to programming concepts. A JAVA language chapter and C++ language chapter are included and follow the same pedagogical approach as the textbook. http://csilluminated.jbpub.com eLearning Our eLearning center provides chapter-specific...
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...Fernández de Lugo's attempts at colonization, which were begun when the 1474 Treaty of Alcáçova had ceded this place to Isabel of Castile. Antonio de Viana wrote an epic ode to the aboriginal natives of this place, and one of his works provides the name of Mount Teide, which is the highest point in its entire country. Secondary landmasses here include * Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gomera, and La Palma, while its largest component is named Tenerife. Their name is in fact derived from a fierce breed of dogs known as the Presa, and not from their famous yellow avians. For 10 points, name these Atlantic islands located west of Morocco. ANSWER: Canary Islands (or) Islas Canarias (prompt on "Tenerife" before *) 3. A 2003 Timothy Pennings paper asked "Do Dogs Know" this. The Umbral type is the study of Shaffer sequences, while Mallivin is an infinite-dimensional one on the Wiener space and is also called the "stochastic one of variations". Church and Kleene...
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...[Note: This document has been modified from the original by the Saylor Foundation] Introduction to Software History by Cornelis Robat, Editor First Steps This part will be different from the History of the computer, no chronological travel through software-land, but a collection of articles and assays on software. Software has a long history and as far as the facts are known to us we will give them to you. When missing stories, data, or other information are shared to us they will be put on this site. If you have any comments of suggestions regarding this page or any other page please do not hesitate to contact us. A simple question: "What is software?" A very simple answer is: Hardware you can touch, software you can't. But that is too simple indeed. Source URL: http://www.thocp.net/software/software_reference/introduction_to_software_history.htm Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/cs101/ Attributed to: The History of Computing Project www.saylor.org Page 1 of 23 But when talking about software you talk about programming and programming languages. But about producing and selling the products made by programming (languages) as well. There are over 300 different ("common") computer languages in existence, apart from the various dialects stemming from one of them. Most of them can be classified in definable groups, but others don’t belong to anything. Some because they are rather new or the use of them was or is never wide spread and only used by a small specialized...
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...CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TENTH EDITION This page intentionally left blank CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TENTH EDITION R O B E RT W. S EB ES TA University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton Editor in Chief: Michael Hirsch Executive Editor: Matt Goldstein Editorial Assistant: Chelsea Kharakozova Vice President Marketing: Patrice Jones Marketing Manager: Yez Alayan Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti Marketing Assistant: Emma Snider Vice President and Director of Production: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: Jeff Holcomb Senior Production Project Manager: Marilyn Lloyd Manufacturing Manager: Nick Sklitsis Operations Specialist: Lisa McDowell Cover Designer: Anthony Gemmellaro Text Designer: Gillian Hall Cover Image: Mountain near Pisac, Peru; Photo by author Media Editor: Dan Sandin Full-Service Vendor: Laserwords Project Management: Gillian Hall Printer/Binder: Courier Westford Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color This book was composed in InDesign. Basal font is Janson Text. Display font is ITC Franklin Gothic. Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States...
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