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Adrenaline Thesis Paper

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ADRENALINE by A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Chemistry Honors

2007

Approved by
Chairperson of Supervisory Committee

Program Authorized to Offer Degree

Date

Abstract
Adrenaline

A thesis presented on the hormone called adrenaline containing its origin, effects, location in the body, and why it is significant to the body and its systems.

Table of Contents

List of Figures ii
Acknowledgements iii
Glossary iv
Introduction 1
Chapter I: Case Study 2
Statement of Problem 3
Purpose of Study 3
Description of Terms 5
Chapter II: Conceptual Framework 12
Physiology of Problem 13
Sociology of Problem 21
Chapter III: Methodology 40
Selection of Celestial Bodies 41
Selection of Subjects 43
Collection of Data 50
Analysis of Data 57
Chapter IV: Findings and Discussion 60
Description of Findings 63
Summary 71
Glossary 73
Bibliography 75
Appendix A: Questionnaire 77
Appendix B: Consent Form 78
Appendix C: Data Figures 79
Pocket Material: Map of Case Study Solar Systems

List of figures

Number Page 1. Discovery of Adrenaline 1 2. Meaning and Origin 2 3. Uses 3 4. Bibliography 4 5. Index 5

Chapter 1

adrenaline

Adrenaline was the first hormone to be identified. It was first discovered by Takamine from Japan in 1902, and was successfully synthesized in 1904. Adrenaline belongs to a family called biogenic amines, which includes serotonin and histamine, along with others. The compound group it belongs to is the catecholamine group, which also includes Nonadrenaline and dopamine. The term adrenaline is still used widely; however the medical community refers to it as epinephrine.

Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland in the body. It is produced in the bodies of both humans and animals. The adrenal gland is either of the two small dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney. Adrenaline, also called epinephrine, helps the body adjust to sudden stresses that occur in the body, and also makes the body change to make it more efficient for "fight or flight". When a person develops certain emotions, such as agitation or panic, the adrenal gland releases produced adrenaline into the blood. Adrenaline makes the body adjust to these emotions when it is released into the blood. The hormone increases the rate that your heart beats and it raises your blood pressure. It also makes glycogen turn into glucose faster, which administers energy to your muscles. With dilated blood vessels and air passages, adrenaline not only makes glycogen turn into glucose faster, but I also gets more oxygen to the lungs faster, which increases how well you perform physically in shorter periods of time.

Adrenaline is also used for treating life-threatening allergic reactions that may be caused by insect bites, foods, medications, and other causes. It is a type of medications called sympathomimetic agents. It is effective by releasing the medication to relax the muscles and tightening the blood vessels, allowing blood to run faster. It is also the most recommended treatment for anaphylactic shock, which is a particularly severe form of allergic reaction, which may be fatal if not rapidly and properly cared for, and should be injected immediately to protect from further damage. If the medication is injected in the wrong place, the effects could be very severe, including gangrene, where tissue becomes necrotic and decays. Excessive adrenaline in the body may result in insomnia or jittery nerves.

Glossary

Adrenaline- A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress, as from fear or injury. (Also called epinephrine)

Adrenal Gland- one of a pair of ductless glands, located above the kidneys, consisting of a cortex, which produces steroidal hormones, and a medulla, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Decongestant- of or pertaining to a substance that relieves mucus congestion of the upper respiratory tract.

Fight or Flight- term that is often used to characterize the circumstances under which adrenaline is released into the body.

Hormone- A chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells that acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Nonadrenaline- a neurotransmitter, released by adrenergic nerve terminals in the autonomic and possibly the central nervous system that has such effects as constricting blood vessels, raising blood pressure, and dilating bronchi. (Also called norepinephrine)

Index

A
Adrenal Gland, 2
Adrenaline, 1
Anaphylactic shock, 1

C
Catecholamine, 1

E
Endocrine Glands, 1
Epinephrine, 1

G
Gangrene, 3
Glycogen, 2

S
Sympathomimetic agent, 3

T
Takamine, 1

bibliography

McGuigan, Brendan
What is adrenaline?
2007

Wong, Lenn
Function of Adrenaline Hormone
2006

Webb, Sarah
Adrenaline & Epinephrine
2007

Acknowledgements

The author thanks her teacher, Mr. Buemler, for letting her do this thesis report.

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