...Introduction Automobiles industry produces automobiles and other gasoline-powered vehicles, such as cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world. The automobile industry is considered the single largest manufacturing sector in the world (Turnbull et al., 1992). It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. The energy that automobile industry use to produce vehicles will result carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions which the most significant of the green house gases(GHG). Historian Mark Foster has estimated that “fully one-third of the total environmental damage caused by automobiles occurred before they were sold and driven.” He cited a study that estimated that fabricating one car produced 29 tons of waste and 1,207 million cubic yards of polluted air. Extracting iron ore, bauxite, petroleum, copper, lead, and a variety of other raw materials to process steel, aluminum, plastics, glass, rubber, and other products necessary to construct automobiles consumes limited resources, uses great amounts of energy, and has serious environmental repercussions. Nowadays, environmental problems are becoming...
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...Chapter 01 Limits, Alternatives, and Choices QUESTIONS 1. What is an opportunity cost? How does the idea relate to the definition of economics? Which of the following decisions would entail the greater opportunity cost: Allocating a square block in the heart of New York City for a surface parking lot or allocating a square block at the edge of a typical suburb for such a lot? Explain. LO1 Answer: An opportunity cost is what was sacrificed to do or acquire something else. The condition of scarcity creates opportunity cost. If there was no scarcity, there would be no need to sacrifice one thing to acquire another. The opportunity cost would be much higher in New York City as the alternative uses for that square block are much more valuable than for a typical suburban city block. 2. Cite three examples of recent decisions that you made in which you, at least implicitly, weighed marginal cost and marginal benefit. LO1 Answer: Student answers will vary, but may include the decision to come to class, to skip breakfast to get a few extra minutes of sleep, to attend college, or to make a purchase. Marginal benefits of attending class may include the acquisition of knowledge, participation in discussion, and better preparation for an upcoming examination. Marginal costs may include lost opportunities for sleep, meals, or studying for other classes. In evaluating the discussion of marginal benefits and marginal costs, be careful to watch for sunk...
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...HUM/300 Technology in the 20th Century Technology is rapidly evolving and has been for many years. Scientists and inventors are always on the lookout to invent something to make the average person’s daily life easier. The 20th century brought many technological advances in the world from the television to the air conditioner. Many of the technologies so fundamental to everyday life came from advancement during this time. The author of the paper will discuss three technological developments in the 20th century including: the airplane, the automobile, and the computer. The Airplane For centuries humans wanted to invent a device that would allow them to fly like birds. Kites, gliders, and air balloons were many of man’s creations to attempt to derive the privilege of flying. Two men, Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, were the first to find some success in inventing a device that enabled flying. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers flew there invention for the first time. However, this was only a small start because their aircraft did not fly very high and it only stayed in the air for about a minute. Although this was a small triumph in the goal of flight it marked the beginning of the technological advances that produced the modern airplane. When the Wright brothers invented their aircraft they received immediate recognition and other inventors and aviators worked hard at inventing a better aircraft. In 1909, Louis Bleriot, a French aviator, flew an aircraft across...
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...Newton’s laws of motion, all forces have both magnitude and direction. A knock in the road makes the controls movement up and down vertical to the road exterior. The enormity, is subject to whether the control is striking an enormous knock or a small dot. Whichever approach, the vehicle control encounters a perpendicular acceleration as it passes over an irregularity (William Harris, 2005) Fig 1. How car suspension works (William Harris, 2005) Safety critical and non-safety-critical systems Ride safety in terms of the vertical dynamic behaviour of the vehicle is supplied by the suspension if forces can be shifted in the middle of the tire and the motorway. This is an essential necessity provided that the motorist has power over the automobile by steering, Decelerating and throttle actions. A basic principle to offer ride security is that the dynamic Wheel load shouldn’t surpass the static wheel load, which can be attained if the dynamic wheel Load is restricted (Mitschke et al, 2004). Customer specification Vehicle suspension system operation amid for a comfortable drive and control...
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...local income taxes and $250 in Social Security taxes per month. Louise contributes $100 per month for her IRA. Her monthly credit payments for VISA and MasterCard are $65 and $60, respectively. Her monthly payment on an automobile loan is $375. What is Louise’s debt payments-to-income ratio? Is Louise living within her means? (LO 5.3) Louise’s Gross Income | = | $3,000 | Less: Income taxes | = | -700 | Less: Social Security Tax | = | -250 | Less: IRA contribution | = | -100 | Net take-home pay | = | $1,950 | Her monthly payments on VISA, MasterCard, and a car loan add up to $500 per month. Louise’s debt payments to income ratio is 500 to 1,950, or 25.6 percent. This ratio exceeds the recommended 20 percent figure. Therefore, Louise is overextended. Her maximum monthly loan and credit card payments should not be over $390. 3. Robert Sampson owns a $175,000 townhouse and still has an unpaid mortgage of $140,000. In addition to his mortgage, he has the following liabilities: Visa | $705 | MasterCard | 280 | Discover card | 505 | Education loan | 2,000 | Personal bank loan | 300 | Auto loan | 5,000 | Total | $8,790 | Robert’s net worth (not including his home) is about $35,000,. This equity is in mutual funds, an automobile, a coin...
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...CITY OF DAVIDSON MOTOR POOL FUND GENERAL JOURNAL JULY 1, 2006 - JUNE 30, 2007 Debits Credits 1. Cash Long-Term Advance From Enterprise Fund Transfers In 2,500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2. Land Buildings Equipment Automobiles Fuel and Supplies Cash 100,000 300,000 150,000 1,600,000 100,000 2,250,000 3. Due From Other Funds Operating Revenues-Charges for Sales and Services (3,800,000 Miles X $.32 Per Mile) 1,216,000 1,216,000 4. Fuel and Supplies Accounts Payable 200,000 200,000 5. Cash Due From Other Funds 850,000 850,000 6. Operating Expenses-Costs of Sales and Services Cash 260,000 260,000 7. Operating Expenses-Costs of Sales and Services Fuel and Supplies 270,000 270,000 8. Accounts Payable Cash 185,000 185,000 9. Nonoperating Expenses-Interest Long-Term Advance From Enterprise Fund Cash 60,000 200,000 260,000 10. Operating Expenses-Depreciation Accumulated Depreciation--Buildings Accumulated Depreciation--Automobiles Accumulated Depreciation--Equipment 425,000 10,000 400,000 15,000 6-5 (A) (Continued). Debits Credits 11. Operating Revenues-Charges for Sales and Services Transfers In Operating Expenses-Costs of Sales and Services Operating Expenses-Depreciation Nonoperating Expenses-Interest Net Assets: Invested in Capital Assets, Net of Related Debt Net Assets: Unrestricted 1...
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...efficiency and marker expansion driver. The development of technology facilitates cross-border transportation and reduces the cost. Internal, as an important part of international business, decrease the information cost and timing. WTO, EU, NAFTA, IMF, World Bank regulates and encourages the international trade. After the financial crisis in 2008, economy of developed countries are suffering a difficult time -- GDP decline, no profit in many industry, the unemployment rate increase, stock market was badly stricken. In many advance countries the market is saturate or constricted. Many companies are switching their production form advance areas or counties to undeveloped area or countries. At the same time, many developing countries, such as China, Brazil, Indian, Russia, with rapid economic development, become emerging and huge potential market. Also, the large population of those countries can provide low cost and huge amount of labor. So, many advance western multinational corporations decide to switch their focus to those countries. Industry environment analysis: 2008 is a declining and difficult time in...
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...Assignment 2: External and Internal Environments Business 499 Zavier Pyles Professor May January 30th, 2013 Vroom Vroom! This is the welcomed sound that automobile owners and manufacturers like to hear. It is the sound of completion, success, and satisfaction. But what happens when this sound is drowned out by weakened profits, customer dissatisfaction, and industry weakness? In comes the government bailout of the automobile industry. In recent years, 2008-2010, Ford, GM, and Chrysler had to be saved from self-destruction and bankruptcy through government incentives, loans, and emergency funding. In December of 2008 these 3 automakers asked the government for monetary assistance that totaled approximately 34 billion dollars (About, 2013). Ford, GM, and Chrysler asked for these funds to avoid impending job layoffs in the millions and also to avoid further financial trouble for the economy during the recession (About, 2013). All three of the car companies that had to be bailed out were American based and had for years been facing stiff competition from foreign car makers especially Honda, Hyundai, and Toyota. During this time there was quite a bit of finger pointing and blame being placed surrounding the reason for the failure of the American car industry. Was the failure based on external factors such technology, political/legal parties and organizations, or economic issues (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2013)? Or was the failure of this industry based...
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...The Ford Pinto Case Back in the 1970s the Ford Pinto was debuted without regard to proper safety features and concern for proper ethics while producing this automobile. Buyers wanted lower pricing and bigger trunk space more than the consideration for safety. Lee Iacocca, president of Ford, ran the business striving for higher profits and cutting costs. His lack of interest for human life initiated many lawsuits against Ford and, in the end, was a far bigger cost than installing safety features in the Pinto in the beginning. The biggest concern regarding the role people played in the Ford Pinto case was the concern for cutting costs and making the biggest profits over the concern for human life. Severally jeopardized in this case were proper corporate morals and ethics. This started when Lee Iacocca acquired the position of president from the former President Semon Knudson. Lee Iacocca celebrated much success with the Mustang and wanted to market small cars to compete with the foreign car markets. Lee Iacocca drove to promote the Ford Pinto by 1971. Because it typically takes three and one-half years for the production of an automobile, to have the Ford Pinto to the showrooms by 1971, only left two years to launch the Ford Pinto. During the production process, crash tests revealed safety issues with the gas tank in the rear of the car. If the car were struck from behind even at a slow speed, the gas tank would rupture, and explode upon impact. Lee Iacocca’s decisions...
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...environment is the most rapidly changing environment. Things of science fiction are becoming realities and it can be seen from the lens of emerging technologies which might be even seen in automobiles on road by 2020. Technology has made possible the advances in auto safety, dependability, clean-car, fuel economy and various factors which helps the consumers, keeps them safe and reduce environmental impact. The impact should be not only considered from standalone point of view but also from combination point of view. Sensor technology, separately, is going through major transformation, but sensor technology used with cameras and radars can provide an autonomous car. The following technologies are worth observing from Tata Motors’ point of view: Driver Override Systems- If one fails to apply the brakes, then the car will apply the brakes even if you are accelerating the car. This has been possible because of the advances in the sensor technology. Biometric Vehicle Access- Biometric technology is already present in the market in the form of voice verification, fingerprints, and retina and face recognition. Further work if going on in this regards. Comprehensive Vehicle Tracking- If this technology is implemented successfully, it would reduce the automobile thefts and will also reduce the automobile insurance premium. Active health monitoring- In this world of rapid advancements, people have become more prone to sudden illness like heart stokes. With active health monitoring...
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...The Acquisition and Restructuring of Kia Motors by Hyundai Motors 1. Since the mid-1990s, the global automobile industry was characterized by oversupply and a production capacity well in excess of demand. There were, and still are, many competitors in the industry. Advances in technology have allowed for rapid growth within the industry. Research and development costs increased due to consumer environmental and safety concerns. With this social consciousness, automobile producers were forced to develop new types of automobiles to meet demand. This allowed bargaining power in the buyer’s hands. This caused automobile companies to increase their production efficiency, restructure, and enter strategic alliances (mergers and acquisitions) to realize the economies of scale and scope. The Korean automobile industry was characterized by weak domestic demand, which resulted in continuous oversupply. The market was also completely dependent on Japanese technology to produce automobiles. Korean automobiles were cheap but subpar in quality. Many manufacturers did not run their facilities to full capacity, increasing unit costs. Through the acquisition of Kia, Hyundai hoped to influence the economies of scale, influence the economies of scope, and develop a superior global network. The merger with Kia could potentially improve competitiveness by allowing the use of common parts, integrated quality control and shared functional improvements, as well as reduce costs through the purchase...
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...successes over the past million years. Possibly the single most influential event in the public’s interest when it comes to science and technology, would be the Apollo II mission. The space field has had a major impact and also has provided us with the ability to learn new technology and advance in our latest technologies. Since the first man walked on the moon, science has advanced at a rapid pace; nuclear power, television, jet engines, satellites and computers proved that only the scope of our imaginations could possibility limit our progress. Ever since the first human walked on the moon, humans have looked beyond the moon to Earth’s neighbor planet, Mars. The Apollo mission showed us looking back at a fragile planet adrift in a void, making us second guess who we were and are in terms of species as well as our species’ place in a vast universe. Discovery of alien life, amounting to nothing more but only a string of protein or some nucleotides, most certainly changed our perspective on the role of life in the cosmos. The space technology has vastly changed our life and our way of living. The automobile is a major human success as well when it comes to technology. The early history of the automobile can be divided into multiple eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion on the prevalent means of propulsion (the action of driving or pushing forward). Propulsion is a means of creating force that leads to movement. In 1769 the first steam powered auto-mobile was built by Nicolas-Joseph...
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...COMPOSITES FLOATING ROTORS DISC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR commericial bikes Girish Sanjay STUDY AND OPTIMIZATION OF A PV PANEL Ranjit Simulation and evaluation of complex dielectric properties of composite materials AJAYRAJSINH B JHALA NANOBOTS (NANOTECHNOLOGY ROBOTS) Chetan Gaur FEA ANALYSIS OF FORMULA SAE (FSAE) CHASSIS SANDEEP MAUT Floating wind turbines Hardik Vora FACTORY AUTOMATION Pooja Maragi ROBOT BASED FOUNDRY AUTOMATION Santosh Parsekar Automated food cooking machine Akash shanbhag A brief review on work methodolgy-concurrent engineering MEHUL THAKAR Work place organisation using 5S Ketan R Patil FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM Abhishek Joshi ZERO EMISSION ENGINE Abhay p pai HCNG and biodiesal operated dual fuel engine Abhishek. R. Kulkarni Advances in Hybrid Technology Pavan m jhakkapanavar Turbocharging and supercharging of super engine Pratik Ramdas Nayak Adiabatic engine Eshank.D.Doijode EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MANIFOLD INJECTED JEEVAN . M COMPRESSED AIR HYBRID ENGINE Anil G Kakhandki BIODIESEL FUELLED COMMON RAIL DIESEL ENGINES SAMEER KULKARNI ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR IC ENGINES Sagar kulkarni Multiwalled carbon nanotubes blended water Ajinkya Murkute AQUA SILENCER – A NOISE AND EMISSION CONTROLLER PANKAJ KADAM...
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...In conclusion, Proton should analyze more on their consumers or even carry out a better research on the consumers nowadays. They should come out with a strategy of market their products. For the economic situation, their currently doing better than before, but they would have to put in much more effort to win people’s heart as Malaysia’s number one car brand. Here are a few more suggestions for myself for proton to improve. First they should hire a professional from automobile industry to give them an advance training on their innovation and designing to win people’s heart. At the same time improve the services in every Proton outlet for the consumers that had already purchase Proton to enjoy after buying services better than other automobile industry. Besides that, proton could go in other fields like giving out sponsorships to people who need them to increase Proton’s fame to create a better brand image. Lastly, use better materials to produce Proton’s automobile to create a better quality of vehicle and make Proton the best car company in Malaysia. 5.0 REFERENCES 1. Retrieved from http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/sideviews/article/protons-problems-lie-in-drbs-hands-maxmonster-analytics, (accessed 2015) 2. Lee W. L. (2012). “Syed Mokhtar’s Proton win raises concerns over wealth concentration.” Retrieved from http://www.tindakmalaysia.com/showthread.php/4347-Finance-DRB-Hicom-takes-over-Proton 3. William Y. (2015). “Proton is dying and Dr. M as a chairman is...
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...Suitably, the presentation begins with the first horseless carriage, coincidentally established in Springfield. Invented by brothers Charles and Frank Duryea, the first gasoline powered automobile in the country was produced in 1893, pragmatically labeled the Duryea. Painted a solid black, the original Duryea, although innovative, was fairly plain. Elevated onto large, thin, wooden wheels, the frame of the vehicle resembled that of previous carriages, providing minimal protection to passengers. However, the method of steering differed substantially, replacing reigns with a handle secured to a long, rotating rod. In comparison to modern vehicles, the Duryea is nearly primitive; yet it notably serves as the origin for all future automobiles. Past the Duryea, the museum features several other automobiles, demonstrating a sequence of innovation in the automobile industry. Each vehicle in the set is accompanied by a brief description, as well as a few relevant photographs, to educate the audience. The cars are secured behind velvet rope, prohibiting any contact that could potentially depreciate value. In addition, the museum supplies sufficient lighting to highlight the craftsmanship of each vehicle. The exhibit concludes with the 1920 Rolls-Royce, also manufactured...
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