...risk stratification. Evidence-based treatment guidelines, such as aspirin and statin use can be implemented in those with risk factors to minimize the risk of a life threatening or debilitating health event such as myocardial infarction or stroke. The Dare to Care (DTC) program is a community cardiovascular screening program that utilizes ultrasound to screen for carotid atherosclerosis and abdominal aneurysm, in addition to peripheral arterial disease, hypertension (HTN), and self-report risk factor assessment. A clinical question of interest: How effective is a community cardiovascular screening program in identifying persons with subclinical atherosclerosis, who are at risk and not on appropriate preventative treatments such as aspirin and statins? The purpose of this paper is to identify potential data sources, discuss data access implications, and identify strengths and weaknesses of data sets and identity potential data analysis testing tools. Potential Data Sources The DTC program utilizes an old FoxPro SQL database to enter screening results, risk factors, anti-platelet and statin use, and risk assessment categorization for each participant. This information can be electronically downloaded into an excel worksheet for data analysis. Specific data elements of interest include: demographics; presence of carotid disease by ultrasound; presence of HTN, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia; use of aspirin;...
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...Case study – Eileen is a 68 year old pensioner who suffers with arthritis, her arthritis has been getting worse since she turned 65 and has tried everything within the orthodox health system to try and ease the condition but unfortunately nothing has been successful in helping her and is still suffering from persistent pain. Prescribed medication has been tried to see if that would help Eileen’s condition but she claims to experience awful side effects and would rather not take any medication, because of the side effects Eileen has been experiencing they have started to make Eileen feel overly stressed for no real reason, due to this Eileen has been considering a couple of different complementary therapies which have been recommended by some close friends and family. The two therapies that Eileen has been researching and considering are acupuncture and osteopathy. * Acupuncture is said to help relieve pain by either diverting or changing the painful sensations that are sent to the brain to then alert you to the pain within the body. (Arthritis Research UK) * Osteopathy is also said to help relieve pain that individuals experience for a number of different reasons, this is done by improving mobility and reducing inflammation by using gentle, manual osteopathic techniques. (Hoddesdon osteopathic & sports injury clinic , 2016) Case study – Eileen is a 68 year old pensioner who suffers with arthritis, her arthritis has been getting worse since she turned 65 and has...
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...Shirish Singh Shirish Singh BUS 220-01 Case Assignment No. 3 23rd November, 2009 An Ethical Dilemma. 1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each candidate. The first candidate mentioned in the case is Liz who is 34 year old African-American. After analyzing her situation in the company and her personal life, it seems that in her case disadvantages outweighs her advantages to be considered as strong candidate. The only factor that could be considered an advantage would be the fact that she is African American and her promotion to the managerial level means she would be the first African American to be a manager at the level. Her academic credentials and job experience is not the plus point in fact those 2 factors might be even considered as the disadvantages since other competing candidates have far better academic qualification and longer job experience. And also to make the matter worst she has had family problems in the past that lead her to lead a single life with one child. The second candidate is Roy, who is 57 year old happy father and husband. He has been loyal to the company and his position in the company for past twenty years and has had the job experience of nearly thirty years. The fact that could play for him to be the favorite would be his time of retirement. He is retiring and he could get the sympathy vote to be promoted from the concerned people or person for the last time before he retires. Although he has had long job experience, the fact that he is...
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...DAYANAND SAGAR BUSINESS SCHOOL BANGALORE ASSIGNMENT OF PRODUCT & BRAND MANAGEMENT ON SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL BRAND EXTENSIONS SUBMITTED TO- Mr. Sai Ganesh SUBMITTED BY –Khushbu Roy DSBSPGDM09022 BRAND EXTENSION “Brand extension is using the leverage of a well known brand name in one category to launch a new product in a different category.” Brand Extension is the use of an established brand name in new product categories. This new category to which the brand is extended can be related or unrelated to the existing product categories. A renowned/successful brand helps an organization to launch products in new categories more easily. For instance, Nike’s brand core product is shoes. But it is now extended to sunglasses, soccer balls, basketballs, and golf equipments. An existing brand that gives rise to a brand extension is referred to as parent brand. If the customers of the new business have values and aspirations synchronizing/matching those of the core business, and if these values and aspirations are embodied in the brand, it is likely to be accepted by customers in the new business. ...
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...reports of significant negative effects caused by one of our medications used by a large percentage of the population. To add fuel to the fire, news reports have alleged that one of the individuals affected is a well-known public figure. Immediate action is required to stop anymore adverse publicity. It is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of social media. The primary and perhaps the oldest is traditional communication. Reaching our audience with these forms of communication like television, radio, newspaper, news conference, face-to-face dialog, and magazines can leave a vast majority of younger patrons out. While the familiarity of traditional communication techniques is comforting to those who hold true to what they know. A real concern can be the Privacy Rule within the HIPAA Act, using traditional forms of communicating can lead to disclosures of our drug trials, and affect the patients who participated in them. Electronic communication helps to assure that we can quickly address any concerns about our company. Health care communication within this medium has the added advantage of mobility;...
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...recommended over the counter drug, it does have risky side effects when taken for an extended amount of time. Many people from all ages use this medication to relieve pain. I for one feel the medication is quite helpful when experiencing some discomfort from pain. Any drug you may consume could possibly lead to side affect, especially when unaware of unknown allergies. Studies have shown due to its active drug Acetaminophen (Tylenol) has caused bodily, rashes, hives, itching, difficulty breathing and swallow, even death in the 1980’s due to evidence of the compound cyanide, yet distributors pulled all Tylenol products from the shelves. The drug has also caused liver failure with long term usage. Nonetheless, there are definitely some advantages/or disadvantages to taking the medication. Tylenol was introduced to the public by physicians. Medical doctors would recommend the medicine for a diagnosis as simple as leg cramps. For many years, this been has been the number 3...
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...What is a knowledge-based system? A system which is built around a knowledge base. i.e. a collection of knowledge, taken from a human, and stored in such a way that the system can reason with it. Example: System: What is the patient's name? User: George Smith System: What is the patient's age? User: 52 years System: Is the patient male or female? User: Male System: What are the symptoms? User: Headache dizziness upset stomach high fever System: When did these symptoms first appear? User: 23/03/2002 System: I conclude that the patient has a viral infection , my recommendation is that he should take two aspirin, drink plenty of fluid, get lots of rest. What is knowledge? Knowledge is the sort of information that people use to solve problems. Knowledge includes facts, concepts, procedures, models, heuristics, etc. Knowledge may be: * specific or general * exact or fuzzy * procedural or declarative What is an expert system? * A particular kind of knowledge-based system * One in which the knowledge, stored in the knowledge base, has been taken from an expert in some particular field. Therefore, an expert system can, to a certain extent, act as a substitute for the expert from whom the knowledge was taken. What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is concerned with exploring such aspects of human (and other animal) mental activity as: * understanding * creativity * Perception * problem-solving ...
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...Chet Lempitsky Mrs. Figs English 3 10 February 2013 Steroids In many parts of the world today, sports competitions are the vehicle for the fierce quest to win, to be “the best.” Athletes will do anything to win whether that be cheating in golf or taking steroids in order to excel in baseball. It is said that over three million athletes and bodybuilders have used illegal steroids in this country alone (Solberg 92). If many people already use steroids why not make them legal and let people take them at their own risk? Or perhaps do you think steroids should stay illegal because they have harmful side effects and promote an unfair advantage in sports? With the growing concern over steroid use in our country, we must look at what is really best for the future of our athletes and the spirit of competition. Steroids are extra hormones that are either taken orally or injected into the body. Theses hormones set off a reaction that sends an individual’s testosterone level soaring, which in turn allows that person to increase muscle size and strength. But with this new-found strength comes some harmful side effects. Steroids can cause heart attacks or liver cancer, not to mention all the newly acquired acne that often develops. These are only a few of the hundreds of unhealthy things that can happen to you when you are on steroid (Harris129). Many people, medical experts and athletes alike, feel steroids should be legalized. They feel that the use of steroids a few times and in moderation...
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...Legalization of Marijuana Brian S. Clear HU2740 28 August 2013 Marijuana dates back many years, and has been used throughout different cultures in various ways. Over the last few years however Marijuana has been used to fit our lifestyles and social environment in many ways. In our society today many people around the world smoke Marijuana for different reasons like medical purposes, with that being said I think Marijuana should be legalized permanently as it has many beneficial uses, including easing pain, it would help the United States get further out of debt. Legalizing Marijuana would also create jobs for many people lowering the unemployment rate in the United States. Marijuana whose scientific name is Cannabis Sativa has been mentioned in manuscripts dating back to 2700 B.C. in China. The Jamestown settlers recorded that they had first planted the crop in 1611, as they used the hemp from the plant’s fibers to make rope and canvas. Marijuana also known as ‘weed’ was used to make clothing, as the plant was very durable. During that time Marijuana was used more for survival far more than any other purpose. Marijuana came into play with the scarcity of alcohol during the prohibition era. The use of the drug rose from there, and became a large problem in the Unites States. The United States is one of those countries that can immensely benefit from the legalization of Marijuana use. In the United States, Marijuana is the most widely used controlled substance...
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...Surgical Patient Case One: Activity One: With reference to anatomy explain how a gall stone can migrate into the pancreas, causing pancreatitis. The pancreas is in the upper abdomen and lies behind the stomach and intestines. It makes a fluid that contains enzymes that are needed to digest food. The enzymes are made in the pancreatic cells and are passed into tiny tubes. These tubes join together to form the main pancreatic duct. This drains the enzyme-rich fluid into the duodenum. The enzymes are in an inactive form in the pancreas, they are 'activated' in the duodenum to digest food. Groups of special cells called 'Islets of Langerhans' are scattered throughout the pancreas. These cells make the hormones insulin and glucagon. The hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream to control the blood sugar level. The bile duct carries bile from the liver and gallbladder. This joins the pancreatic duct just before it opens into the duodenum. Bile also passes into the duodenum and helps to digest food. Pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed. When pancreatitis occurs, it's largely due to digestive enzymes attacking and digesting the pancreas, which produced them in the first place. There are two types of pancreatitis: Acute pancreatitis - when the inflammation develops quickly, over a few days or so. It often goes away completely and leaves no permanent damage. Sometimes it is serious. Chronic pancreatitis - when the inflammation is persistent...
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...Introducing Aleve Plus BUS620 Managerial Marketing Instructor: Dr. Mary Wright July 30, 2012 Introducing Aleve Plus NSAIDs have become a major source of interest for consumers, especially those individuals who suffer from long – term pain. Several NSAID pharmaceuticals have been discontinued, for example Vioxx and Bextra. These products and others related to them are responsible for over 16,500 deaths annually in the United States alone. The side effects of NSAIDs are kidney and liver damage, blood disorders, heart attacks, strokes, hypertension, bleeding ulcers and serious interactions with other drugs. (Washington Post) It is imperative that researchers of Bayer find a solution for this problem that will ease the concerns of the consumer, as well as boost sales for Bayer. 1. Company Overview: Bayer was founded in 1863 in Barmen Germany by Friedrich Bayer and Friedrich Weskott. Today, Bayer currently ranks among the top consumer healthcare organizations world wide, and its mission statement is to provide quality healthcare products to their consumers. Bayer exists to attract and retain customers. Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the fields of health care, nutrition, and high tech materials. As an inventor organization it sets a general direction of movement in research – intensive areas...
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...Parle Milind et al. IRJP 2013, 4 (1) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Review Article LABORATORY MODELS FOR SCREENING ANALGESICS Parle Milind* and Yadav Monu Pharmacology Division, Dept. Pharm. Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India Article Received on: 13/11/12 Revised on: 17/12/12 Approved for publication: 23/12/12 *Email: mparle@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT Pain is a complex unpleasant phenomenon composed of sensory experiences that include time, space, intensity, emotion, cognition and motivation. Analgesics are the agents, which selectively relieve pain by acting in the CNS or by peripheral pain mechanisms without significantly altering consciousness. Analgesics may be narcotic or non-narcotic. The study of pain in animals raises ethical, philosophical and technical problems. Philosophically, there is a problem that pain cannot be monitored directly in animals but can only be measured by examining their responses to nociceptive stimuli. The observed reactions are almost always motor responses ranging from spinal reflexes to complex behavior. The animal models employed for screening of analgesic agents, include Pain-state models based on the use of thermal stimuli, mechanical stimuli, electrical stimuli and chemical stimuli. The neuronal basis of most of the above laboratory models is poorly understood, however their application is profitable in predicting analgesic...
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...naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides. In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. The main purpose of genetic modification of food is to improve its taste, output, and make plants disease resistant. Despite these advantages, many people refuse to eat genetically modified foods over concerns that it could be dangerous to their health. However, there is still no detailed study about the long term effects of eating genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods have more research challenges but also there are misgivings about its implications in the long run. All these applications have to be assessed for any potential long term health hazards and people have to put methodologies in place to institute safety measures. Objectives 1. To determine the effects of Genetically Modified Food on human. 2....
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...Development of oil Oil has developed over millions of years. According to the biogenetic theory oil was earned through the dead sea-organisms that sank on the seabed and were covered by sediments. Through the sinking sediments these organic materials were put out to high pressure and high temperature. Under these conditions they converted themselves into “Kerogen”. The well-distributed “Kerogen” is moving upwards because it is lighter than water and is edged out by this. With the moving ("migration" of the oil) of the Kerogen it will fuse to more compact masses, which is the oil. The “migration” runs in general upward. If the oil gets under impervious layers of earth (oil traps), an oil bed will result. An oil bed exists of a memory rock, which in his pores located oil and more or less bed water, provided that available - also considers in the pores of the memory rock. Importance of oil In our today’s society many people do not understand the significance of oil and natural gas. The only thing people associate with oil is petrol and diesel that we use as source of energy in order to move cars. However, the value of oil to our world goes far beyond our personal transportation choices as many of the everyday items we use are either made from oil or are dependent upon oil for their production. Let’s take a closer look on the everyday products, which are used; the exotic fruits such as bananas or vegetables that is available in almost every supermarket or highly dependent...
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