... | |3/15/2010 | |FIN 573 | Contents Executive Summery 4 Business Overview 4 Introduction 4 Industry Analysis – Mining Industry 4 Industry Segments 5 Surface Mining 5 Underground Mining 6 Aftermarket 6 Industry Cycle 7 Industry Competition 7 Coal 7 Iron 9 Copper 9 Oil Sands 9 Mining Industry Historical Trends & Prospect 10 Business Description 11 Surface Mining Segment 11 Surface Mining Products 13 Production and Distribution 14 Suppliers & Raw Materials 15 Research & Development 15 Underground Mining Segment 15 Underground Mining Products 17 Production and Distribution 17 Suppliers & Raw Materials 18 Competitive Environment 18 Barriers to Entry 18 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 18 Bargaining Power of Buyers 19 Threat of Substitute 19 Degree of Rivalry 19 S.W.O.T 20 Business Strategy 20 Expand Product Lines 20 Products Efficiency 21...
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...metallic and nonmetallic minerals? Provide two examples from each category and discuss their uses. Metallic minerals are those minerals which can be melted to obtain new products. Aluminum is one of the most abundant metallic minerals on earth. It is used in the production of automobiles, construction, electrical, machinery materials. Copper also a metallic mineral is used in building construction for things such as cables and heating pipes. Non-metallic minerals are those which do not produce new products upon melting. Clay for example is used in floor and wall tile as an absorbent. Also zeolites which are used in animal feed and kitty litter. Mining 1. How are minerals extracted from the Earth and processed? A technique called mining is the way that this minerals are extracted from the earth. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, or reef. In the mineral...
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...cannot replenish will be depleted forever, and future generations will need to create alternative sources of energy. Electricity is used to light homes and run appliances. Many electric companies use coal to create electricity. Oil and natural gas are used to heat our homes. This energy is wasted at an alarming rate and will soon be obsolete if we do not address the issues at hand. Nonliving and living factors are affected by the lack of energy, when mining for coal the environment is vastly affected. Valuable land is destroyed and can take years to replenish, if it ever does. Coal is mined two different ways, subsurface and surface mining. There are advantages and disadvantages to both. Strip mining, a form of surface mining is used for the retrieval of 60 % of the coal in the United States; is done if the coal is close to the surface, approximately 100 feet down. Surface mining, a less expensive form than subsurface mining, allows complete removal of coal and is safer for the miners. This is the preferred method, but with this comes an environmental impact. Large trenches are dug to mine coal and once this has been done, the trenches are usually left open. This leaves the land wide open to erosion and other forms of pollution. Plants are then unable to grow in these areas and therefore, water runoff becomes a concern and the land can remain unusable for years to come. Water from rain collects containments and becomes polluted. The topics discussed above create...
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...population and technology has led to a corresponding increase in energy demand. This trend is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future.The three primary methods of power production today are 1) fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, 2) hydroelectric dams, and 3) nuclear power. The undeveloped potential of each of these power methods is restricted by either the associated environmental impact or by the limits of the resource itself. Current methods of power production are in need of supplementation. An ideal source would be renewable and have minimal environmental impact. This paper presents one such method.1.3 Overview and Scope < A href="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/click/zone?zid=29&pid=2&lookup=true&position=1" target="_top">< IMG src="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/view/banner/image/zone?zid=29&pid=2&position=1" height="240" width="120" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" alt="Click Here!">< /A> | The paper begins with the background and description of the proposed power source, its advantages, and a tabular outline of three example sites. Concerns for each component of the system are briefly considered. The paper ends with a proposal for further research and a summarization.Due to the hazards of open-pit mining operations, building a Pit Power Tower in an active mining pit is not considered. Unfortunately, data concerning the water fill-rate and infrastructure of the Chuquicamata and Palabora mines was unavailable at the...
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...Letter of Transmittal Group Olive 01 June 2012 Hawken Engineering University of Queensland Sir Fred Schonell Drive St Lucia QLD 4072 Dr S Aminossadati, Dr M Nehring, Dr J Barth Hawken Engineering University of Queensland Sir Fred Schonell Drive St Lucia QLD 4072 Dear Dr Aminossadati, Dr Mehring and Dr Barth, Further to your request, please find attached Group Olive’s Final Report regarding our proof-of-concept design of a model Surface Mining Dragline. The report outlines a design of the Surface Mining Dragline that adheres to the project objectives and criteria with a supporting background literature review, calculations, design sketches and recommendations for a path forward. The Dragline Operating System has been analysed in terms of design concepts, cost effectiveness and ultimately productivity. Yours sincerely, Mr Jeremy Whereat 42935483 Ms Naomi Sinclair (Team Leader) 42884853 Mr Thomas Burrell 42651493 Ms Grace Harris 42930189 Mr Toby Schmidt 42930086 Mr Matthew Henry 42890247 Letter of Request Group Olive 01 June 2012 Hawken Engineering University of Queensland Sir Fred Schonell Drive St Lucia QLD 4072 W Guthrie, L Montgomery, R Ryan, J Londono Hawken Engineering University of Queensland Sir Fred Schonell Drive St Lucia QLD 4072 Dear Tutors, When generating the design and in the production of the Olive Group dragline, extension research was...
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...on being the best. For this reason, and many others that I will discuss here, I believe that their specific positioning method is attributes. The moment you visit their webpage you are bombarded with the many ways that they pride themselves on being the best at mining coal. The first thing they claim is that they one of the safest and largest producers of high quality coal in the United States. According to their 2011 Annual Corporate Report of the 1 billion tons of coal produced in the United States which generated 43 percent of the nation’s electricity in 2011, Cloud Peak contributed to 4 percent of that. Unfortunately, they suffered from 17 reportable injuries in 2011. However, they were fairly minor in nature and they claim to still keep safety as a core value and hope to achieve a goal of zero injuries in the future. These injuries gave them a Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) All Injury Frequency Rate (AIFR) of 1.18, which was quite an increase from 0.58 the prior year. Yet, they are told by MSHA that this rating is among the lowest of the large US coal producers. In our society today many of us feel that it is important to take care of our environment. Cloud Peak Energy recognizes the importance of this as well. In 2010 they were the recipient of the National Excellence in Surface Mining and Reclamation Award from the Office of Surface Mining. Additionally, in June of 2011 they were awarded the Good Neighbor Award from the Wyoming Department of Environmental...
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...Complex Market Forces are challenging Appalachian Coal Mining Complex Market Forces are challenging Appalachian Coal Mining Article summary This paper describes how environmental forces affect the coal mining industry and plays an important role in our life. We will learn that environmental forces brings threats, uncertainty and opportunities to marketers and consumers . Although this paper focus on the coal mining industry, I believe that the main points focus on the environmental forces that marketer and consumers face every day. Appalachia’s coal communities were confronted by a confluence of market factors that developed over a period of years; resulting in numerous market factors, including low domestic and international prices for both thermal and metallurgical coal, soft natural gas prices, and increased imports—primarily from Colombia all contributing to the dwindling fortunes of coal mines in Appalachia. Low prices of natural gas combined with the air-quality benefits that come with burning gas rather than coal for electricity, have eroded coal’s position as the go-to energy source for power generation. Natural gas powered plants is now on the increase and it is projected that natural gas-fired plants will account for 73 percent of capacity additions through 2040, compared with just 1 percent for coal. Appalachian coal is more expensive than coal from other parts of the United States. The high cost of Appalachian is supplanted by lower-cost...
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...and occasionally hundreds of kilometres inland from the present coastline. Mineral sands orebodies essentially fall into two categories based on the mode of deposition: alluvial or aeolian. Alluvial deposits are further split into marine beach placers (or strandlines) and lacustrine heavy mineral (HM) accumulations. Exploration for mineral sands involves the positive identification of key criteria leading to the focus of exploratory surface sampling, augering and drilling. Assaying is primarily focused around determining the percentage of HM contained within a given sample. Other results of interest include clay fines, sand and oversize. Metallurgical/mineralogical assessment is often undertaken by via laboratory scale bench tests that replicate the wet concentration and dry mill processing routes. The most critical component in resource assessment for mineral sands is about quantifying HM grade, then mineralogical assemblage and then quality of those mineral species. This will determine whether a mineral sand final product is marketable or not. Mining of mineral sands is conducted...
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...of full-length movies on a single disc. CDs and DVDs are the primary data storage methods for music, software, personal computing and video. A CD can hold 783 megabytes of data. A double-sided, double-layer DVD can hold 15.9 GB of data, which is about eight hours of movies. These conventional storage mediums meet today's storage needs, but storage technologies have to evolve to keep pace with increasing consumer demand. CDs, DVDs and magnetic storage all store bits of information on the surface of a recording medium. In order to increase storage capabilities, scientists are now working on a new optical storage method called holographic memory that will go beneath the surface and use the volume of the recording medium for storage, instead of only the surface area. Three-dimensional data storage will be able to store more information in a smaller space and offer faster data transfer times. Holographic memory is developing technology that has promised to revolutionalise the storage systems. It can store data upto 1 Tb in a sugar cube sized crystal. Data from more than 1000 CDs can fit into a holographic memory System. Most of the computer hard drives available today can hold only 10 to 40 GB of data, a small fraction of what holographic memory system can hold. Conventional memories use only the surface to store the data. But...
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... 1.0 Introduction Iron is mined all over the world and contributes to a major part of the worlds economy. Especially in countries such as Australia, where mining is one of the main parts of the countries economy. For Australia, mining iron ore is key in keeping a strong foot in the worlds growing and changing market and for places like China, manufacturing steel is also a large part in their economy. Here we will show what exactly Iron ore is, how we get it, how much it costs and how it is important for you to invest in it as soon as you can. 2.0 Iron Iron is a heavy metal found almost everywhere on earth and has been used since ancient times for everything from construction work to medical application. On the periodic table it is shown in its pure form as 5526Fe and has a half-life of about 2.6 Million years. It is estimated that 1/3 of the earths entire mass is iron, mostly molten underneath the earths crust meaning there is enough iron to make 3 planets with the same amount of mass as mars. So as we can see we wont be running out of iron any time soon. 2.1 Where can we find It and how? Iron is the 4th most abundant element on earth. Iron is everywhere on Earth’s surface but is...
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...category and discuss their uses. Metallic and nonmetallic minerals are very different and the differences are not hard to see. Metallic minerals can be melted to make a new form; an example of a metallic mineral is iron. Nonmetallic minerals cannot be melted to create a new form; an example of nonmetallic mineral is salt. Mining 1. How are minerals extracted from the Earth and processed? Minerals can be extracted through mining, which consists of explosives, picks, and shovels. Minerals that are extracted are then processed through crushers and grinding mills to break down the minerals into small pieces. Once the more valuable minerals are detected, they will be separated from the rest of the rocks and kept. 2. What are the different ways minerals can be mined? Provide a brief description of at least three types of mining. The first type mining is underground; digging slopes underground that are hundreds of meters deep to find minerals is very dangerous for miners. Another method is open cut; open cut mining is when large rocks are moved from one area to another and they are crushed to find the minerals. The last method is puddling; this method...
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...FULFILLMENT FOR REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. 3RD NOVEMBER, 2014 Chilean Miners’ Rescue On 5th August, 2010 Chile hit the headlines with 33 miners drilling 2300 feet below the surface in a copper and gold mine in Atacama Desert, 800 kilometres North of Chile’s Capital Santiago were trapped by a massive cave- in. Chilean Mining Minister, Laurence Golborne, who had accompanied President, Sebastian Pinera, on a state visit to Quito, Ecuador, got the news at 11pm shortly after their arrival. Golborne informed the president the following morning and flew to Santiago via Peru on commercial flights then took a Chilean Air force flight to Copiapo before a 45-kilometre drive to the mine, arriving on August 7. Golborne, an engineer and entrepreneur, was recruited by the business friendly president who was inaugurated in March 2010 after success as Chief Executive of Censoud A, a large Chilean retail firm. Just 4 months in office with no mining background, Golborne took charge of a widely viewed disaster recovery effort. 69 days later, all 33 miners were rescued. Crew Foreman Luiz Urzua led the 33 trapped miners to form a small society to ration food, preserve morale, and protect their scarce resources. A surface team numbering hundreds had emerged under Golborne and three key lieutenants: Andre Sougarret (Engineering team),Rene Aguilar,(Golborne’s deputy) and Cristian Barra, cabinet chief interior ministry. They managed relations with...
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...coal qualiTy conTrol COAL QUALITY CONTROL Source: Aker Solutions Daniel Mahr, P of US baSeD .e energy aSSociateS, P gives us .c, an in depTh look aT The major issues relaTing To coal qualiTy from The perspecTive of Thermal power generaTion. service, and reduced impacts. Different energy conversion technologies have their applications, but no single option does it all. Wind, solar, and hydro options don’t use any fuel, so shouldn’t we just rely on these technologies? Wind power is best sited where the duration/velocity makes sense, away from migration pathways, and away from neighbours who would object to noise and fluttering shadows. It will likely require 100 per cent back-up or additional energy storage systems, and new longer transmission lines to load centres are often required. There are similar requirements for solar power, just substitute lumens for velocity. With hydro power, there are concerns for fish migration/ spawning, land use, geological concerns for T he power industry is confronting challenges with seemingly conflicting goals – affordable rates, dependable Industrial Fuels and Power l COAL QUALITY CONTROL ‘‘As power plants face a growing need to reduce costs and environmental impacts, coal quality is increasingly an issue of interest, as a means to do more with less..‘‘ supporting the weight of a new lake, stability concerns for newly saturated perimeter hills that can result in landslides, and the impact of a drought on production. Its the delivered...
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...available. In the Philippines, coal power is the most common source of energy. However, this source of power brings about pollution that can cause harm to the environment. With these observations, some sectors and environmental groups propose an alternative source of power which is geothermal energy. This paper aims to compare geothermal energy and coal power in terms of social implications, environmental impacts and feasibility. Furthermore, this paper aims to know geothermal energy and coal power as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Most energy consumers are not aware of a good energy source as long as it can sustain the technology that they use. This study aims to inform the power consumers on which is a better power source. This will also help them understand the social implications, environmental impacts and feasibility of these power sources. Geothermal energy and coal power are both renewable sources of energy; however, both posses advantages and disadvantages concerning its feasibility and its effect to the environment. Geothermal Energy The core of the earth contains an enormous amount of energy that can provide power for...
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...almost $300 billion per year at current prices, which translates to 3-4% of GDP. Besides the economic concern, corrosion may adversely affect the environment. Worse than all those mentioned, corrosion can cause unexpected death from corrosion-related accidents. For example, the sudden collapse caused by corrosion fatigue of the Silver Bridge over the Ohio River in 1967 cost 46 lives on top of the needless-to-say millions of dollars material loss. Therefore, the benefits brought about by corrosion are outweighed by its detriments. The fact is, about 33% of these costs could be diminished by using corrosion-resistant materials. Being defined as the sideways displacement of material from its original position on a solid surface performed by the action of another surface, wear is another mechanical property of materials that materials scientists consider when selecting materials in a design task. In order to be wear-resistant, a material must be hard and strong. The demand for corrosion- and wear- resistant coatings is nowadays rapidly increasing, especially in oil and gas industries. The most common solutions are Hard Cr and Quench-Polish-Quench (QPQ) processes. However, these two processes affect the environment adversely. As alternatives, coating layers can be introduced to metal samples. Coatings can be done with or without electricity. If electricity is involved, the process is called electroplating. It is done by immersing the sample that is going to be coated together with...
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