...take this pill and you will get better in just three days. A lot of these medicines that we see on television are call over the counter drugs, and we can have access to those medicines without a doctor’s prescriptions. There are three things that we have to take in consideration in other to prevent side effects from these medicines: read the labels, Over the counter drugs are easy to get; however, since this drugs are not prescript by doctors, an overdosing can occur really easily. One way to avoid an overdose is by reading the label. First, look for the active ingredients. To illustrate, the active ingredients on any medicine, is the most important to take in consideration because it is responsible for the effects of the medication on our body. If we take three different medications with the same active ingredient we might get not only an overdose but also another serious illness. The most popular over the counter drugs Tylenol and Theraflu threat different symptoms but their first active ingredient is Acetaminophen this ingredient is the lead cause of liver failure in the U.S. due to fact that their main ingredient is Acetaminophen it cannot be mixed with other medicines with the same active ingredien The degree of toxicity and type of illness determines whether a drug is over the counter or prescription. So colds and flu are normally over the counter and patients with symptoms are presumed to be able minded enough to read the instructions and follow accordingly. With...
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...Swift. Medication: Lisinopril Pharmacologic Category: Angiotensin- Converting Enzymes (Ace Inhibitor) you need to know the class of this drug in case you ever have surgery. Some doctors like to give are hold it. This drug may cause Hypotension with mayor surgery. Reason for medication: Treatment for Hypertension (Elevated Blood Pressure). Dosage Range: 10-40mg daily You have been prescribed 40mg daily. Take the first dose at bedtime. Then daily in am at the same time. This drug has other usages but in your case Hypertension. Managing your Blood Pressure. Things to watch for while taking this medication: Hypotension: Medication takes effect within 1-3 hours. (Low blood pressure) Signs will be dizziness, lightheadness. Don’t stop taking the medication without first consulting your doctor. Monitor your blood pressure daily and record it until your next visit with your doctor. He then can determine if the dosage it to how. He and only he can make the changes. Possible Side Effects: Angioedema: signs of swelling involving head & neck this would compromise the airway. Cholestatic Jaundice: A rare toxicity associated with Ace Inhibitors. (Yellowing of the skin or eyes). Cough: A dry hacking cough that persists. (This occurs the first few months of treatment.) Hyperkalemia: Renal dysfunction. (Increase Potassium Levels) Use of potassium- sparing diuretics, potassium supplements and/or potassium containing salts. Use cautiously if at all with this medication. Have your...
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...Human: Building a Safer Health System”. The report documented evidence of an estimated 44,000 people and as many as 98,000 people dying in hospitals from medical errors each year in the United States (IOM, 1999). Of the many medical errors, medication errors happen to be one that can not be overemphasized. Medication use have been found to account for at least 20 percent of adverse events in patients in hospitals. Out of every hundred medication orders, there is an occurrence of five adverse drug events (Tam, 2005). Malpractice claims due to adverse drug events can have negative effects on the hospital and the health care providers. The hospital and health care providers can have their reputation damaged, thousands of dollars are spent for the losses, there is time lost from work, not to mention the emotional stress involved (Rothschild et. al, 2002). The cost of preventable medication errors has been estimated between 17 and 29 billion dollars annually (Strohecker, 2003). As such, due to these alarming statistics, this paper focuses on some of the potential risks of medication errors, and some recommended interventions that can be implemented to help curb the incidence of medication errors. Many of the factors leading to medication error are unfortunately human related (Etchells, et. al, 2008). A survey of 983 nurses working in acute care hospitals reported that among the many factors that would contribute to medical errors, illegible hand written prescriptions, distraction...
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...Items on the prescription label that are not required by New Jersey State Law: 3. Overall opinion as to the overall appearance and acceptability of the label in your pharmacy: 4. Reference(s) used for this assignment: . PRECEPTOR COMMENTS (OPTIONAL): Fairleigh Dickinson University School of Pharmacy Assignment #2: Over-the-Counter Medication Assignment Student: ______________________ Site: _________________________ Date: _____________________ Print Name: ________________ Preceptor Signature ___________________ Please use the respective forms on the following pages to complete this assignment: 1. Category 1: Cough/Cold and Allergies (REQUIRED) Reference(s) used for this assignment: 2. Category 2: Women’s Health (REQUIRED) Reference(s) used for this assignment: 3. Category 3: Please indicate the category you chose for this assignment.(Select ONE of the following: Pain/Fever; Constipation/ Diarrhea; Heartburn/Dyspepsia; Smoking Cessation) Reference(s) used for this assignment: PRECEPTOR COMMENTS (OPTIONAL): Fairleigh Dickinson University School of Pharmacy Assignment #2: Over-the-Counter Medication Assignment (cont.) Cough/Cold and Allergy Products (REQUIRED): 1. List the 4 most common active ingredients in cough, cold, and allergy products and complete the table below: Active Ingredient Uses/Indications Warnings/Precautions 2. List the dosage ranges, and maximum doses of the above ingredients for both adults and...
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...Maternal Behaviors and their Effect on the Unborn Child By Jennifer Livengood Pregnancy can be one of the most magical times in a woman’s life. There is nothing quite like taking care of the little person that is growing in the womb, and knowing that everything you do is going to have some kind of effect on that little person. For a vast majority of women, pregnancy is a magical time, one filled with awe and wonder. Pregnant women tend to take better care of themselves, making sure that they are providing the best environment for their growing child. Some women, however, do just the opposite and do not take care of themselves and thus harm the unborn child in their womb. There are several things that can have an adverse effect on the growing child. One of them is the mother’s nutrition. This is an easily adjustable factor, but one that some women don’t actually think about. When a woman becomes pregnant, according to www.americanpregnancy.org, she needs to consume roughly 300 more calories than normal in order to have a healthy pregnancy (http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/pregnancynutrition.html). This will provide the extra nutrition that the fetus needs. If a mother does not consume enough calories, she is putting her child at risk of being malnourished. A poorly nourished infant is more likely to get sick, as they do not have the ability to fight off illness as well as a properly nourished child. There is...
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...threshold model fits the disorder. What education could you present to high-risk patients to reduce the risk of disease onset if a multifactorial component exists? Question 2= Genetic screening has become widely available to the public including prenatal screening of the fetus in utero to screening adults for genetic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and breast cancer. Share your thoughts on the legal, ethical, and social implications that may be related to genetic screening. How would you educate your patient that is considering having genetic screening? Week 2: Question 1= Choose an FDA-approved prescription medication and discuss the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the medication, including any differences that would be expected based on the patient's age, a condition of pregnancy, or lactation. Address any adverse effects the medication may have based on age, pregnancy, or lactation. Question 2= Active acquired immunity can be achieved through the use of childhood immunizations. Many parents voice concerns regarding the safety of vaccinations. What is your opinion on the current use of vaccinations? How would you educate parents regarding the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations? Defend your answers with evidence-based research. Week 3: Question 1= Share a case study of an electrolyte imbalance from your practice or from the...
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...Unit 4222-616 Administer medication to individuals and monitor the effects. Outcome 1: 1.1: Legislations: - The Medicines Act (1968): This governs the use of medicines for human use and for veterinary use. - Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations (COSHH): This is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health. - The Health and Safety at Work Act: This is the primary legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive are responsible for the enforcement of this act. - The Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 2001: This controls the import, export, supply and possession of dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs. - Health and Social Care Act: This Act, the regulations and guidance are part of a wider regulatory framework that includes regulation of professionals such as Doctors, Nurses and Social Workers. - The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: This act creates three classes of controlled substances, A, B and C. It lays out the range of penalties for the illegal or unlicensed possession and possession with to supply, for each class. - Date Protection Act: This covers any data that can be used to identify a living individual. - Hazardous Waste Regulations: These replaced the Special Waste Regulations 1996 in England. They removed the requirement to pre-notify the Environment Agency before the movement of any hazardous waste and include a simpler method for...
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...Lupus Erythematous: The Butterfly Effect Lupus erythematosus (LE) first originated in 1833 by many physicians throughout the historical periods of; the classical period, the neoclassical period, and the modern period. During the classical period of the 1800s, lupus was first coined. It comes from the Latin word ‘wolf’ that attributed to the thirteenth century by physician Rogerius who used the word to describe erosive facial lesions that manifested from a wolf’s bite (Lupus Foundation of America, n.d.). In the neoclassical period of the 1900s, scientists discovered that there are many sub forms of lupus, the most common type known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE has many other forms of names such as discoid and disseminated lupus....
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...The first step in managing your arthritis is to change your diet; I think all experts agree on this. Make highly nutritious raw applesauce using a food processor and put in two or three cored pesticide-free apples, with the peel on, and mix for a minute or so; so much better for you than canned highly processed applesauce and add a little cinnamon or two tablespoons of freshly ground flaxseed for another immune system boost. With natural arthritis treatments there will be fewer, if any, side effects or adverse reactions. And did I mention to make sure to keep moving? Exercise is good for any joint affected by osteoarthritis. Keep a basket of arthritic treatment aids for arthritic hands (Thera-putty, hand grips, Taiji Chinese chime balls, etc.) to be used at bedtime or while watching television. Important exercises for arthritis include: range-of-motion exercises, isometrics, and some weight-bearing...
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...treat his infection and avoid any further complication. Mr. JP was ordered to be in contact isolation for the protection of him and others. His past medical history are significant for Type II diabetes which he was diagnose at the age of 48, follow with hypertension, glaucoma, CHF, arthritis, Neurogenic bladder, Carotid artery disease, COPD, Urinary obstruction, Mixed hyperlipidemia, chronic anemia, Gangrene of toe and Gout. Analysis of the individual Variables’ influence on Medications There are many factors that can affect when prescribing a medication to a client such as age, sex, genetic diseases, culture, ethnicity, allergy, health belief and use alternative therapies/herbal supplement. In the following paragraphs we will analyze factors that can affect Mr. JP and the medications he is presently taking, however due to that fact that Mr. JP has an extended list of medication I will be only using five top drugs that are influencing some of the factors mention before. The usage of medications require health...
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...Improving The Safety Of Using Medications In Hospital Settings Background Improving the safety of using medications was the third Joint Commission safety goal for 2014 (Hospital National Patient Safety Goals, n.d.). Every year medication errors are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Simply put, medication errors come from incorrect dosing by physicians on prescriptions, administration of the wrong dose of the prescribed medication to the patient, failure of the healthcare provider to administer prescribed medication, or failure of the patient to ingest said prescribed medication (Choo, J., Hutchinson, A., & Bucknall, T., 2010). Role of the Nurse According to the Journal of Nursing Management, nurses should practice the five rights of administration that they are taught while in school. Those rights are: right medication, right dose, right route, right time, and right patient (Choo, J., Hutchinson, A., & Bucknall, T., 2010). While checking the five rights is useful in the final stages of the administration process, the rights do not reflect the other complex steps to medication administration, such as preparation, labeling, determining interaction, etc. Normally medication errors are never the result of an isolated human error. They may come from workplace stress, distractions, interruptions, insufficient training, and misinformation (Choo, J., Hutchinson, A., & Bucknall, T., 2010). The individual nurse should make sure that...
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...Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Splenda as a non-nutritive sweetener in 1998 and as a general-purpose sweetener in 1999. It is now approved in more than 80 countries and is used worldwide in over 4,000 commercial products such as no-sugar added fruit, diet soft drinks, and reduced-sugar juices. Splenda is a mixture of dextrose, malt dextrin, and sucralose. Ten grams of Splenda contains 9.00 g of carbohydrates. This consists of 8.03 g of sugars (dextrose) and 0.96 grams of starch (malt dextrin). 10 grams of Splenda has 33 Calories compared to 39 Calories for an equal amount of sugar. The calories in Splenda come from the carbohydrates in it. Studies of a component in Splenda (sucralose) concluded that "there is no indication that adverse effects on human health would occur from frequent or long-term exposure to sucralose at the maximum anticipated levels of intake". However, a Duke University study conducted on rats (funded by The Sugar Association) shows that at sucralose consumption throughout a 12-week administration of Splenda exerted numerous adverse effects; which are known to limit the absorption of nutrients and oral medications. These effects have not been tested in humans and so the study has been the subject of some controversy, with experts disagreeing over its conclusions. There is strong evidence supporting the relationship between Splenda and obesity. Obesity however is not the only serious illness associated with Splenda. It has also been proven...
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...brought in. Upon reviewing Johns’ medications, Nancy is aware that there are two prescriptions for the same beta blocker each with a different dose and frequency, among six other prescriptions. When questioned about his medications, John states "he takes two different medications for his heart with some other pills, but doesn’t know the name of the medication or the dose." John is diagnosed with a beta blocker overdose. After four days in the ICU, John is feeling much better now, with normal vital signs and a better knowledge of his medications, and will be transferred to a telemetry floor for continued care. b. Thesis statement: Polypharmacy in the elderly population can be reduced by early discharge education in the inpatient setting, along with the use of drug combinations or extended release medications to lower the frequency, amounts, and financial burden incurred by this population. c. Main points: 1. Multiple dosing changes and frequency of medications can cause confusion, adverse reactions, and noncompliance. 2. Education during hospitalization can decrease recurrence of repeat hospitalization. II. Polypharmacy is the taking of more than five medications at one time. Show visual aid (Buggey, T. 2007, Summer). a. Elderly patients often develop complicated and multifactorial health states that require extensive pharmacotherapy, leaving this population at risk for exposure to drug-drug interactions and other adverse events. (Slabaugh, 2010). ...
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...improve their health. Finally, FDA plays a significant role in the Nation’s counterterrorism capability. FDA fulfills this responsibility by fostering development of medical products to respond to deliberate and naturally emerging public health threats. What does the FDA regulate? The scope of FDA’s regulatory authority is very broad. FDA's responsibilities are closely related to those of several other government agencies. Often frustrating and confusing for consumers is determining the appropriate regulatory agency to contact. The following is a list of traditionally-recognized product categories that fall under FDA’s regulatory jurisdiction Drugs, including: • prescription drugs (both brand-name and generic) • non-prescription (over-the-counter) drugs • vaccines • blood and blood products • cellular and gene therapy products • tissue and tissue products The Federal Drug Act is the basic food and drug law of the U.S. With numerous amendments, it is the most extensive law of its kind in the world. The law is intended to assure the consumer that drugs and devices are safe and effective for their intended uses and that all labeling and packaging is truthful, informative, and not deceptive. Chris’ Part The Regulation of Drugs • The first step for a company seeking approval to sell a new drug is to perform laboratory and animal tests to learn how the drug works and if it will be safe...
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...Medication Sheet Medication/Dose/RouteClassificationGeneric/Trade Name | Action | ContraindicationAdverse Effects | Nursing Considerations | Acetaminophen/500mg/ By MouthAntipyretic& Analgesic (nonopioid)Acetaminophen/TylenolCarvedilol/6.25mg/By MouthAlpha- and beta-adrenergic blocker & AntihypertensiveCarvedilol/CoregDocusate Sodium/100mg/By MouthLaxative stool softenersDocusate Sodium/ColaceFurosemide/40mg/By MouthLoop diureticsFurosemide/Lasix | Reduces fever by acting directly on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center to cause vasodilation and sweating, which helps dissipate heat.Carvedilol causes vasodilation by blocking the activity of α-blockers, mainly at alpha-1 receptors. It exerts antihypertensive effect partly by reducing total peripheral resistance and vasodilation. It is used in patients with renal impairment, NIDDM or IDDM.Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass, may also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon. It increases the amount of water and fat absorbed by the feces, softening the stool and making it easier to pass.Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. | Contraindicated with allergy to acetaminophen. Use cautiously with impaired hepatic function, chronic alcoholism, pregnancy, lactation. Adverse effects CNS: Headache CV: Chest pain, dyspnea, myocardial...
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