...The Effect of Curing Time on The Properties of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Bricks W. I. Wan Mastura1,a, H. Kamarudin1,b, I. Khairul Nizar2,c, A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri 1,d, H. Mohammed3,e 1 Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P. O. Box 77, d/a Pejabat, Pos Besar, 01007 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. 2School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P. O. Box 77, d/a Pejabat, Pos Besar, 01007 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. 3 King Abdul Aziz City Science & Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia awanmastura89@gmail.com, bvc@unimap.edu.my, cnizar@unimap.edu.my, dmustafa_albakri@unimap.edu.my, ebnhusain@kacst.edu.sa Keywords: Geopolymer, Fly ash, Bricks, Geopolymerization, Compressive strength Abstract. This paper reports the results of an experimental work conducted to investigate the effect of curing conditions on the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks prepared by using fly ash as base material and combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activator. The experiments were conducted by varying the curing time in the range of 1-24 hours respectively. The specimens cured for a period of 24 hours have presented the highest compressive strength for all ratio of fly ash to sand. For increasing curing time improve compressive strength and decreasing water absorption. Introduction A geopolymer,...
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...Engineering Technologies for Dealing with Volcanic Ash Abstract This report discusses the state of current strategies and technologies designed to avoid damage to aircraft from volcanic ash, and the limitations current technologies present with respect to the recent Eyjafjallajokull Icelandic volcanic eruption. Future strategies and technologies are critically examined to determine the limitations, requirements and cost of implementation. Ash cloud avoidance strategies appear to be the most viable option. A technology entitled AVOID (Airborne Volcanic Object Imaging Detector) is currently being tested on the United Kingdom’s biggest airline EasyJet which uses an infrared camera to detect ash particles and gases present in volcanic ash. Whilst this technology exists, it is unknown whether other airlines will adopt the technology, and whether the government will support it; in spite of of the huge economical cost the Eyjafjallajokull volcano caused for European airlines and in shipping delays. What is known is that this was not an isolated incident and volcanoes will continue to erupt as long as the earth exists. Table of contents Introduction 4 Current strategies and technologies for dealing with volcanic ash 4 - 5 Future strategies and technologies for dealing with volcanic ash 5 - 6 Conclusion 7 ...
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...Carlton Davis A miscommunication that I had was one day a work when my office supervisor gave me some charts to process. By process I mean I had to put the charts in the system and fill out the insurance information for billing then schedule them to get them to come in and pick up their medical equipment. So when he asks me to do them I figured that what he meant. He wasn’t clear and I assumed we were both wrong in the situation. So I completely did full processing and I created double work for both of us. Simple clarification on my part would resolve all these issues. Another miscommunication that at I had recently at work I where my schedule is basically a set schedule, is has been for a very long time. So it was really no need for me to for me to check the schedule. So one day in particular a Wednesday I was on the schedule and I never work on Wednesdays. So it was if I was a no showing no call but that’s never me or my motive. As I come to work the next day I was ask what happen and I explained myself, the manager was very understanding. Reason being is because she failed to communicate to the person who was now doing the schedules the way she use to do them. Also that I was not the only one who had this issue and a lot of my coworker’s schedules were messed up. So the best way to solve the issue what I do every week now is take it down and make a copy of...
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...Mayank Patel, Ahmedabad Partner & Director Mobile : 91 9662910224 Write us: mymayank@yahoo.com Manish Kharti, Deesa Partner & Director Mobile : 91 9737689393 Write us: manee.khatri@gmail.com Mayank Patel Call : 91 9662910224 Manish Kharti Call : 91 9737689393 Fly Ash Brick Project Details Key features of the Fly Ash Brick project Cost of Project Cost is INR 70 Lakhs Land cost not included in this Value. It includes Installation cost and equipment cost. Equipment cost approximately INR 25 Lakhs. Land Required 1-2 Acre Per Plant Type of Raw material Basic row material for fly ash bricks plant such as Fly Ash Lime Gypsum Cement Sand Stone Dust Down Metal Consumption of Row Material Rated - 59 Ton per shift Mayank Patel Call : 91 9662910224 Manish Kharti Call : 91 9737689393 Generation Generation per 8 hour = 18400 Units If Plant works for 24 Hours a day Generation per day = 3 * 18400 = 55200 Units Generation Per Year For 1st Year = 16560000 Units From IInd Year onwards = 17280000 Units Unit Drawing : Cost of Generation Cost of Fly Ash Brick produced is INR 1.7 to INR 2.7 /- per unit including all. Its depends as on type’s of production been used. INR 1.7 to INR 2.7 /- per unit Cost has been calculated taking into account Production as well as operation and maintenance, Interest, depreciation, cost of raw material and transportation cost. Buy back tariff Form Buyer INR 3.7 – INR 4...
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...Two years ago, a massive coal-ash spill in Tennessee awakened Americans to the fact that the billion tons of coal we use each year doesn’t vanish into thin air when it’s burned. In 2008 alone, U.S. power plants produced nearly 100 million tons of coal ash; combined with other coalburning residues, such as gypsum, the total was 133 million tons. Much of that waste is mixed with water and kept in clay-lined ponds, often remarkably close to rivers, underground wells, and residential areas. On Dec. 22, 2008, at the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Kingston Fossil Plant, a dike broke and released 1.1 billion gallons of ash slurry. The ash spilled into the Emory River and inundated 300 acres of surrounding land. It was the largest fly-ash release in U.S. history, causing an estimated $3 billion in damages. And it could happen again, at another plant – reports have identified high-risk ash ponds across the country. Plus even when it doesn’t spill, coal ash disposal can be hazardous to your health: In many communities, concerns about groundwater contamination have been raised. Lisa P. Jackson, head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, vowed to ensure no disaster like the TVA spill ever occurs again. Coal ash disposal, she argued, should be regulated to protect the public – and since early 2009, EPA has been working toward that goal. But it’s not an easy process. Since 1980, coal ash has been excluded from regulation as a hazardous waste under the so-called Bevill Amendment...
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...Private power plants Ash utilization MoEF Notification (3rd Nov 2009) on Fly Ash Utilisation has instructed Operating Coal/Lignite based Power Plants to Achieve the Target for 100% Coal Ash Utilisation S. No. Percentage Utilisation of Coal Ash Generation Target Date from the Date of issue of this Notification 1. At least 50% One Year 2. At least 60% Two Years 3. At least 75% Three Years 4. At least 90% Four Years 5. 100% Five Years A. TATA POWER Trombay, Jojobera and Maithon thermal power plants achieved 100% fly ash utilization whereas CGPL achieved 25% in its first year of full operation, which is in line with regulatory requirements. Innovations 1. Ultra-Thin White Topping technology: CTTL, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Power, in association with BASF, has developed a concrete mix which can help replacing 40% of cement with Fly Ash. The polyheed admixture developed for Trombay Thermal Station Fly Ash has been used in a demonstration project. A demonstration road stretch of 3.5 m x 100 m has been laid. This road has lower absorption of solar energy (higher reflectivity) and is expected to have a longer service life. 2. Bottom ash based brick making: Bottom ash based bricks were manufactured successfully. A patent on the same has been filed. Technologies Being Reviewed / Adopted Fly ash based plaster sand: Additives are added into fly ash and mixture is processed to manufacture ceramic sand through an already patented process. This sand is well...
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...2007 Vol.2 No. 6 Utility bonanza from dust F ly ash is one of the numerous substances that cause air, water and soil pollution, disrupt ecological cycles and set off environmental hazards. environmental dangers. Both in disposal, as well as in utilization, utmost care has to be taken, to safeguard the interest of human life, wild life, and environment. FLY ASH FLY The combustion of powdered coal in thermal power plants produces fly ash. The high temperature of burning coal turns the clay minerals present in the coal powder into fused fine particles mainly comprising aluminium silicate. Fly ash produced thus possesses both ceramic and pozzolanic properties. When pulverised coal is burnt to generate heat, the residue contains 80 per cent fly ash and 20 per cent bottom ash. The ash is carried away by flue gas collected at economiser, air pre-heater and ESP hoppers. Clinker type ash collected in the water-impounded hopper below the boilers is called bottom ash. The World Bank has cautioned India that by 2015, disposal of coal ash would require 1000 square kilometres or one square metre of land per person. Since coal currently accounts for 70 per cent of power production in the country, the Bank has highlighted the need for new and innovative methods for reducing impacts on the environment. The process of coal combustion results in fly ash. The problem with fly ash lies in the fact that not only does its disposal require large...
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...Abstract The aim of the Project is to find out the geo-engineering properties of fly ash, which can act as a stabilizer to many soils in geo-engineering field. The project describes the use of local fly ash in construction industry in a way to minimize the industrial waste. Their been serious shortage of natural material, which are used in Highway or Earth dam construction. Due to soil excavation, deforestation occurs which affects the bio-diversity. Industrial waste such as fly-ash, slag etc can be effectively used in soil stabilization. Several geo engineering Labrotory experiments were performed on fly ash to determine its properties, which may be used in road construction, earth dam construction, soil stabilization etc. If these materials can be used in highway or dam construction, it will be a great effort in minimizing the industrial pollution. Fly ash was collected from captive power plant from the dump pad of Rourkela steel plant. These are stored in air tight container after being oven-dried. Experiments such as determination of compaction properties, CBR analysis, Un-confined compressive strength test, permeability etc are done in order to determine the geo-engineering properties of fly ash, which can taken account in the construction field. A brief comparison is made between fly ash and other soil properties which are used as sub-grade, base in Highway construction. Introduction Electricity is the key for development of any country. Coal is a major source of...
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...W13543 FLY ASH BRICK PROJECT: FEASIBILITY STUDY USING CVP ANALYSIS S. K. Mitra and Shubhra Hajela wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. This publication may not be transmitted, photocopied, digitized or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means without the permission of the copyright holder. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Business School, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6G 0N1; (t) 519.661.3208; (e) cases@ivey.ca; www.iveycases.com. Copyright © 2013, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation Version: 2013-12-19 In April 2013, Rajiv Sharma had a business plan. For quite some time, he had been doing some market research exploring the potential of his “dream project” — establishing a fly ash brick manufacturing unit — and had seen huge potential for profit in the project. His long-time friend Alok Gupta was also interested but had a few doubts regarding the feasibility of the project. Sharma, on the other hand, was sure of his plan. Years of work in the construction industry had shown him the potential of using large volumes of fly ash bricks in construction...
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...Fly Ash Bricks Product Code : N.AQuality and Standards : IS 12894:1990Uploaded on:May 2007IntroductionFly Ash bricks are made of fly ash, lime, gypsum and sand. These can be extensively used in all building constructional activities similar to that of common burnt clay bricks. The fly ash bricksare comparatively lighter in weight and stronger than common clay bricks. Since fly ash is beingaccumulated as waste material in large quantity near thermal power plants and creating seriousenvironmental pollution problems, its utilisation as main raw material in the manufacture of bricks will not only create ample opportunities for its proper and useful disposal but also help inenvironmental pollution control to a greater extent in the surrounding areas of power plants. Inview of superior quality and eco-friendly nature, and government support the demand for FlyAsh Bricks has picked up.Market PotentialThe country consumes about 180 billion tonnes bricks, exhausting approximately 340 billiontonnes of clay every year and about 5000 acres of top soil land is made unfertile for a long period. The Government is seriously concerned over soil erosion for production of massivequantities of bricks, in the background of enormous housing needs.The excellent engineering property and durability of fly ash brick enlarges its scope for application in building construction and development of infrastructure, construction of pavements, dams, tanks, under water works, canal lining and irrigation work...
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...A STUDY ON DEALER’S SATISFACTION WITH REFERENCE TO TAMILNADU CEMENT CORPORATION LTD., ARIYALUR. SUMMER PROJECT REPORT Submitted by M. SWAMINATHA PRABU REGISTER NO: 27348351 Under the Guidance of Mrs. M. JANAKIRAMA, M.B.A, P.G.D.C.A Faculty in the Department Of Management Studies in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY PUDUCHERRY, INDIA. SEPTEMBER 2007 SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE MADAGADIPET, PUDUCHERRY. DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE This to certify that the project work entitled “A STUDY ON DEALER’S SATISFACTION WITH REFERENCE TO TAMILNADU CEMENT CORPORATION LTD., ARIYALUR.” Is bonafide work done by M.SWAMINATHA PRABU [REGISTER NO: 27348351] in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master of Business Administration by Pondicherry University during the academic year 2007 – 2008. GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Submitted for Viva-Voce Examination held on ________________ EXTERNAL EXAMINER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my Management of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Puducherry, to provide necessary and essential facilities to do this project report. I am extremely grateful to Our Principal Dr. V.S.K. VENGATACHALAPATHY...
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...Sam Raimi has a very collective résumé, from his most notable and recent films from The Spider-man trilogy to the cult horror classics of The Evil Dead series. Throughout his career, Raimi has developed a style and presence of his own, earning him the right to belong in the category of auteur criticism. Auteur criticism is simply put as when the director has a signature style that he or she brings to the movie upon filming. Raimi’s fascination with films started as he was a child, when his father would use the family video camera to make short films. Seeing how his father was able to manipulate time and space through the use of a camera, Raimi had found his calling (Warren 12). Once following in his father’s footsteps and creating his own short films, Raimi soon began developing a style all his own that would soon captivate the film world (Warren 13). With his style most notable within his early works of The Evil Dead (1981), Evil Dead II (1987), and Army of Darkness (1992), as well as his most recent horror film Drag Me to Hell (2009), it can also be seen in Raimi’s attempt at a western with 1995’s The Quick and the Dead. Set in the 1880’s, The Quick and the Dead begins with The Lady entering an old western town named Redemption, run by the ruthless outlaw John Herod. She enters the town annual contest of a single elimination gun-fighting tournament. Haunted by childhood memories of John Herod manipulating her to kill her own father, she plans to kill Herod, who is...
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...pid=S1516-14392008000200008&script=sci_arttext Process parameter optimization for fly ash brick by Taguchi method Prabir Kumar Chaulia*; Reeta Das Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur–713209, India ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to optimize the mix proportions of the fly ash brick by Taguchi method of parameter design. The experiments have been designed using an L9 orthogonal array with four factors and three levels each. Small quantity of cement has been mixed as binding materials. Both cement and the fly ash used are indicated as binding material and water binder ratio has been considered as one of the control factors. So the effects of water/binder ratio, fly ash, coarse sand, and stone dust on the performance characteristic are analyzed using signal–to–noise ratios and mean response data. According to the results, water/binder ratio and stone dust play the significant role on the compressive strength of the brick. Furthermore, the estimated optimum values of the process parameters are corresponding to water/binder ratio of 0.4, fly ash of 39%, coarse sand of 24%, and stone dust of 30%. The mean value of optimal strength is predicted as 166.22 kg.cm–2 with a tolerance of ± 10.97 kg.cm–2. Confirmatory experimental result obtained for the optimum conditions is 160.17 kg.cm–2. Keywords: optimization, compressive strength, fly ash brick, Taguchi method 1. Introduction Economic and environmental...
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...Fly Ash For Cement Concrete Resource For High Strength and Durability of Structures at Lower Cost Ash Utilization Division NTPC Limited A-11, NFL Premises Sector–24, Noida–201301 OUR VISION A world class integrated power major, powering India's growth, with increasing global presence OUR CORE VALUES Business Ethics Customer Focus Organizational & Professional Pride Mutual respect and Trust Innovation & Speed Total Quality for Excellence ,uVhihlh fyfeVsM ¼Hkkjr ljdkj dk m|e½ NTPC Limited Vh- ’kadjfyaxe v/;{k ,ao izcU/k funs’kd T. SANKARALINGAM Chairman & Managing Director (A Govt. of India Enterprise) (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd.) dsUnzh; dk;kZy;@ Corporate Centre MESSAGE I am happy to know that Ash Utilization Division is publishing a book named “Fly Ash for Cement Concrete”. Among several informative and useful insights contained in the book is the fact that mixing of ash gives higher strength and durability to concrete. NTPC has been imparting thrust to ash utilization strategies, preparedness and implementation. The Company has developed necessary infrastructure facilities in all its coal based stations to make good quality ash available to users. Technology demonstration and awareness programmes are also being carried out. There is greater awareness of ash usage among the industrial users as well as the end users. I am glad that ash utilization by NTPC during the year 2006-07 was 53% against MoU target of 42%. Off...
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... Squirrelflight helped sort out herbs as Leafpool cared for the cats that were still recovering from the badger attack. When Ashfur came in Squirrelflight sighed. “Ashfur, for the last time, I do not think we are good together.” “Why, am I not good enough for you?” “No Ashfur, It’s not you, I know that Brambleclaw and I are meant to be together, I’m sorry.” Ashfur cast her an angry look. “Look Squirrelflight, Brambleclaw was Tigerstar’s son, Tigerstar is evil.” “I’ll judge him by his actions,”said Squirrelflight. When Ashfur finally left the Medicine den, Leafpool finally said, “The other day I was sharing dreams with Starclan and I saw two cats that were walking side to side, I looked closely and It was you and Brambleclaw, that means you were meant to be together.” “I have to tell Brambleclaw”, said Squirrelflight. 4. As Squirrelflight ran out off into the camp, Leafpool padded out the medicine den and saw Brambleclaw and Squirrelflight talking. As Squirrelflight went on and on, Leafpool heard “That’s Great!”said Brambleclaw. A pang of jealousy ran through Leafpool, she had the thoughts of being forced to give up Crowfeather. As Leafpool went to the medicine den every cat went back to bed. Leafpool saw Brambleclaw walk out of his den. Leafpool saw that Spiderleg was guarding the camp and saw Brambleclaw walk up to him and said something to him. As she saw Brambleclaw leaving their camp she ran up to Spiderleg and said that she needed...
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