...purpose of this dissertation was to identify in the present economic conditions of the country, the target customer for such real estate sector. In order to conduct the research, a mixed research methodology is adopted deploying both qualitative research as well as quantitative research. Relevant research instruments were chosen, and 10 respondents were interviewed for the qualitative research and 300 individuals were undertaken in the quantitative research methodology. It was found that indeed the middle class with their high aspiration levels, and disposable income were the ideal target for real estate. However, in order to further attract the target customers, a host of suggestions are made. This dissertation is created through thorough referencing from academic journals, books, reports, newspaper articles etc. This paper would also be immensely helpful for students aiming to understand a clear picture of the real estate sector of Mumbai on ways to maintain its growth. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 5 Background 5 India’s Real Estate Sector 6 Real Estate Housing in Mumbai 8 A Brief History 9 Present condition of the Mumbai Real Estate Market 9 Brief look at the future of Mumbai Real Estate 10 Concept of Affordable Housing 13 Key Players 14 Problem Statement 15 Purpose 15 Research Objectives 15 Dissertation Structure 16 Conceptual Framework 17 Literature Review 19...
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...Urban Housing Markets in China Yongzhou Hou Stockholm 2009 Report 88 Building and Real Estate Economics Department of Real Estate and Construction Management Royal Institute of Technology Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan © Yongzhou Hou 2009 Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Building & Real Estate Economics Department of Real Estate and Construction Management SE – 100 44 Stockholm Printed by Tryck & Media, Universitetsservice US-AB, Stockholm ISSN 1104-4101 ISRN KTH/BFE/M-09/88-SE ISBN 978-91-977302-5-9 Abstract This thesis focuses on problems of prices and risks in the housing markets of urban China. What drives the dynamics of housing prices across regions is not only of great interest for academic researchers but also of first importance for policy makers. It is also interesting to pay attention to the issue of housing bubbles at a city level and risk allocations from an institutional view. To address the issues, the thesis applies both qualitative and econometric approaches in analyzing the urban housing markets of China. The first paper reviews articles mainly published in Chinese core journals. The existing studies are mainly concerned with such six topics as institutions, policy, land, finance, price and market. The first three topics involve the public housing allocation system reform, such fiscal and monetary tools as tax and interest rate, and the land reserve system. The housing finance treats such subjects of mortgages, bubbles and financial systems...
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...To what extent can housing led regeneration schemes tackle social exclusion? Written by: Rosalie Burke – University of Westminster MA Housing Policy and Practice (April 2012) In order for housing led regeneration schemes to tackle social exclusions, the regeneration organisers and the residents of the area will have to play their parts. This paper will be looking at how regeneration schemes can tackle social exclusion by creating mixed tenures, and what roles residents can play in sustaining mix tenures in order to tackle social exclusion. This paper will also look at if social exclusion can be kept out of housing regeneration schemes in this bad economical climate which has seen many job losses and the changes in which the Localism Act has introduced. Regeneration programmes, are normally conducted in areas which are deemed to be poor and is usually based around improving the quality of housing and tackling social exclusion. Regeneration can be funded by the public sector and a mixture of private and public sources (Muir, 2008). Regeneration schemes can bring in investors to the area which in turn can create employment opportunities and from employment, this would lead to money being spent in the area, people would want to raise a family, work and continue to live for a very long time. Regenerating an area does not always mean knocking down the whole community and starting again, it can be that some of the properties are knocked down because...
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...Secondary Report Affordable housing as a part of the smart cities mission in Pune TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 II. Literature Review..................................................................................................... 6 a. Affordable housing and slum redevelopment in a global context ..................... 6 b. Affordable housing and slum redevelopment in India ....................................... 7 c. Affordable housing and slum redevelopment in Pune ....................................... 9 III. Need Assessment ................................................................................................... 10 IV. Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 12 Introduction The term, “smart city” can be rather nebulous when taken by itself; there exists no widely accepted definition (Ministry of Urban Development, 2015, p. 5). The significance of a smart city varies across countries and cities, making it imperative to examine what the name means in the Indian context. As per the government, a smart city has three major features: a strong infrastructural core that induces high-quality living, a sustainable, clean environment and “smart solutions” (Ministry of Urban Development, 2015, p. 5). Even this concise description...
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... Homelessness in America is a social problem that we are faced with on a daily basis. Despite the vast number of research done by Americans on homelessness, little is still known about the effect that it has on our society. The overall image that emerges from the effects of homeless people is negative: they’re seen as lazy, drug users, alcoholics, and worthless. This study recovers some of the homelessness perspective for an American audience through research, data, and an interview by a homeless person living in Georgia. This study will allow explanations and will challenge three widely held assumptions of the homeless people living in America: 1) Homeless people are lazy; 2) Homeless people are all drug and alcohol users and abusers; 3) Homeless people brought it on themselves. This research is to add nuance to our understanding about the social problem stated. Homelessness qualifies as a “social problem” because it doesn’t just affect the homeless but the nation as well. This paper will hopefully contribute more knowledge and understanding about the effects of homelessness in America. There has been a plethora of research done on homelessness in America since the 1980’s, but there has been changing quality and has left areas uninvestigated. According to Ravenhill (2011), In 2000 there was a survey done by researchers that included; the state of knowledge...
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...DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR HOUSING The determination of prices in local and regional housing markets is a classic example of microeconomics in action! We are seeing the interaction between buyer and seller with prices being offered and agreed before a final transaction is made. In this section we focus on the demand and supply side factors that determine the value of properties in a market. Each housing transaction in the UK depends on a) The price that the seller is willing to agree for their property with the prospective buyer b) The actual price that the buyer is willing and able to pay. Buyers place offers for a property that the seller can either accept or reject A Sellers’ Market When the market demand for properties in a particular area is high and when there is a shortage of good quality properties (i.e. supply is scarce) then the balance of power in the market shifts towards the seller. This is because there is likely to be excess demand in the market for good properties. Sellers can wait for offers on their property to reach (or exceed) their minimum selling price. A Buyers’ Market Conversely when demand both for new and older housing is weak and when there is a glut of properties available on the market, then the power switches to potential buyers. They have a much wider choice of housing available and they should be able to negotiate a price that is lower than the published price. When the demand for houses in a particular area increases (perhaps because...
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...Planning for Family-Friendly Communities Briefing Paper April 2010 Child care and community development by Kristen Anderson & Ellen Dektar, Local Investment in Child Care (LINCC) The American Planning Association (APA) has long recognized in its Policy Guide on the Provision of Child Care (1997) that child care is a critical component of livable communities for many families in urban, suburban and rural areas, and that local planning policies can play an important role in ensuring adequate child care. Whether by necessity or choice, the majority of parents work and many depend upon formal, organized out‐of‐home care. Since there is no federal or state universal child care system or guidelines for child care planning, most communities have supply gaps that are especially pronounced for infant/toddler age groups and lower income families. Preschool‐age programs (mostly part‐day) are proliferating nationally due to public awareness of the value of early learning. State spending on preschool increased from $2.4 billion to $4.2 billion nationwide between 2005 and 2007 (Wat, 2007). Similarly, federal and state spending on child care subsidies has more than tripled in the last decade, but most communities still face problems with inadequate supply of quality, affordable child care (Warner 2007). The majority of child care and part‐day preschool centers are run by private or nonprofit entities (rather than school districts or cities) and supported largely by parent fees ...
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...CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction: This chapter is a combination of the relevant literature on this subject area i.e. the impact of middle class on the real estate sector. The chapter links to the Research Objectives and contains secondary analysis and descriptions, which may provide a platform for later evaluation. According to a research by Deutsche Bank, World Bank, McKinsey and CNN- IBN(Sources should be with year example So Deutsche Bank,(Year) ), the total Indian middle class ranges from 300 million to approximately 360 million people; this comprises less than 30 percent of the total population of 1.2 billion (Please refer Chart 1 below). For multi-national corporations and domestic real estate companies, the middle class in India thus presents significant business opportunities. Over the last several years, the overall growth in the real estate sector has burgeoned and this explosion is primarily due to the aspirations of the lower middle, middle and upper middle class of India. Apart from this a whole new range of investment options in the real estate sector has increasingly gaining acceptance. However, keeping in mind the exposure and increasing needs and desires of the middle class, not many significant efforts have been made towards educating the masses. Dire improvements are needed to match the needs of the growing middle class and educate the masses about the real estate sector, which primarily is an unorganized sector. In order to ensure that the...
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...Americans do not have. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, “In January 2014, there were 578,424 people experiencing homelessness on any given night in the United States” (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015). Many people would be in agreement that the above noted agenda is fairly normal; shelter, food, clothing, education, and family are all blessings and amenities that we take for granted but nonetheless are things that every individual deserves to have. Unfortunately, these are things that many people must suffer without. Scholarly research that spans over the course of two decades has continually and firmly established the emergence and persistence of indigent and homeless individuals in the United States. Our growing understanding of homelessness comes from literature that emphasizes characteristics of the homeless and the factors that can be held responsible. Unfortunately, this research indicates that homelessness is a product of the individual or his or her characteristics and not due to structural or community circumstances. If the literature where to...
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...The Process of Buying a House Whitley Alexander Central High School Most people want to be the owner of their own house one day, but buying a house is not that simple. There are many processes and steps to buying a house before you can call it your own. The government and taxes play a very important role in this process. Before buying a house, you have to make comparisons about the homes that you think are best for you. The first step to buying a house is starting your research early. As soon as you can, start reading newspapers, magazines, and search on websites that have real estate listings. The next best idea is to take notes of specific homes you find interesting, and keep track of how long they stay on the market....
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...making process has been a very active one, especially the housing sector. Consequently, South Africa’s housing policy was the end product of much heated debates and discussions within the National Housing Forum from the year 1992 to 1994. Thus, the White Paper of 1994, A New Housing Policy and Strategy for South Africa was implemented. This essay will discuss and analyse this Housing policy strategy. It will also discuss the integrated model to policy making, which consists of five phases that are very specific and progresses in a coherent manner and relate it to the policy being analysed. It will firstly, identify and explain these five phases namely, the policy needs, problems and context, the policy development and formulation, the policy decision and publication, the policy implementation and the policy monitoring and evaluation. It will secondly, explain the five protocols of policy implementation namely, Content, Context, Commitment, Clients and Coalition and Capacity and identify a strength and weakness in each category. Lastly, this essay will summarize all findings and give recommendations to improve the policy process. 2. INTERGRATED APPROACH TO POLICY MAKING 2.1. UNDERSTANDING OF THE POLICY NEEDS, PROBLEMS AND CONTEXT The policy needs, problems and context is the first phase of the policy making process in the integrated approach. During this stage of policy making government has to do thorough research before deciding on a certain policy. For example, what...
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...that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Christopher Holland Introduction The purpose of this paper is to explore the homeless population in the United States while thinking critically. The research for this paper shall detail the history of homeless from its first noticeable conception. The paper will examine the time line of homelessness stating contributing factors as well as detailing the homeless struggle. This paper shall research the nature of the social problems or issues experienced by homeless people meanwhile showing the stereotyping and discrimination of homeless people. This paper will explore the different demographic groups along with common clinical issues and intervention strategies. After the research has explored the...
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...Federal Government Housing Policy Park University EC301 A crucial role is played by the federal government in supporting the construction of housing financially and offering ownership as well as rental support for households with lower income since the 1930s. In the recent period, numerous programs are being funded by the Congress in order to meet up to the housing requirements for the population that is poor and susceptible. The plans are mainly controlled by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The contemporary housing assistance plans involve the comparatively flexible grants for the state as well as the local governments. This is done so as to assist the homeless people, build up reasonably priced housing and offer support to the first-time buyers. This was also done to encourage community development as well as more planned, direct support programs that would assist in providing low-priced apartments and even rental vouchers to the deprived families, managed through quasi-public, local public and the private intermediaries (McCarty & Et. Al., “Overview of Federal Housing Assistance Programs and Policy”). The main objective of the paper is to analyze the housing policies adopted by the federal government related to the mortgage and funding system. With this concern, the discussion of the paper will intend to identify the strategies implemented by the federal government persuade lenders and low-income borrowers in dealing with highly...
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...This chapter places the current study into the context of previous related research. It consists the critique of both related studies and literature that re related to the present study, as well as the operational definition of terms that are based on observable characteristics and how it is used in the study. Poverty has always remained a critical social problem that calls to be addressed. What are indeed the causes of poor household that every family is experiencing, that leads our country into a dire situation, or so we called poverty? According to the data from National Statistical Coordination Board, more than one-percent increase since 2013. The poverty rate among families fell quite fast from 29.7 percent to 21.0 percent from 1991...
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...According to Wikipedia a housing bubble is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets. It is characterized by rapid increases in valuations of real property such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels and then decline. Four years into the housing bubble downturn, much of the country remains hopelessly confused about what happened, why it happened and who is to blame. In my research paper I will try and demonstrate what a housing bubble is, some of the reasons for the bubble, was it preventable, how it kept growing, how it burst and how it has affected our economy. By definition a housing bubble is a temporary condition caused by unjustified speculation in the housing market that leads to a rapid increase in real estate prices. As with most economic bubbles, it eventually bursts, resulting in a quick decline in prices. The end of a housing bubble is hard to predict given the fact that economic conditions can change without warning. If a housing bubble swells to an extremely high level, the aftermath of a burst may set the housing market back years. There is little consensus as to the cause of the housing bubble that precipitated the financial crisis of 2008. Numerous explanations exist: misguided monetary policy; a global savings surplus; government policies encouraging affordable homeownership; irrational consumer expectations of rising housing prices; inelastic housing supply. Some explanations...
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