...Social status, education level, age and gender. These are minor words that have a huge impact on different cultures around the globe. In America the talk of social status seems be more seen and not heard. It shows up in actions of those in this culture. If you want to raise money for a certain charity or event, the first crowd you will go out your way to extend an invitation to will be those in a high social status or class. America has come a long way in its views of status and age. Even though there is no set class structure as in other countries, America has its own views of social class. The words upper class and middle class and lower class are often mentioned. They were often referenced on the road to the White House in the Presidential elections of 2008. Many from outside American culture can often be blind when it comes to seeing our class structure since the homeless are often seen in the same areas as those who are wealthy. If one hangs around the Washington, DC area long enough, they will start to hear terms such as “The DC Elite” social status. These are people who are usually in the upper class and are invited to the important (often political) events in the city. Even certain areas of the city are known for where those with the money reside. Mention you live in Georgetown, Capitol Hill or one of the neighboring counties known for their wealth, and you will automatically be listed as someone with “status.” Titles in America are not as important...
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...Journal Article 2 – A CASE OF AGE AND GENDER DISCRIMINATION Forklifts and Drills LLC is a major supplier of equipment for the oil field industry headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and doing business in Oklahoma, Texas, Alaska, the Middle East and Russia. Following a decline in sales and market share, the company hired a new CEO, a 42-year-old male. He planned to turn the company around in 16 months. He immediately hired a VP for Marketing (male and age 41) to investigate the reason for the decline in sales. The CEO suggested to him that he might want to look at the gender and age mix of the sales force of the company because he suspected that might be the problem. After all, everybody knows that women don’t belong anywhere near an oil field, especially in the Middle East, and younger employees work harder because they have more energy and are more motivated. The results of the investigation revealed that the decrease in sales was due to other reasons not directly related to the team. The average age of the sales force was 52 and 20% were female. The new CEO instructed the VP for marketing to replace the older members of the sales force with younger hires, and to get rid of those women while he was at it. Over the next 12 months, 75 employees lost their jobs. Most of these individuals were over age 40 and had received excellent performance reviews in the past. All of the women were replaced. The “official” reason given for the terminations was “inability to adapt to...
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...Gender and Age-Related Differences for Seat Belt Usage Nehir E. Kurşun¹ and Fatih M. Yaşar² ¹Department of Fashion Design & Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics ²Department of Media and Communication, Izmir University of Economics Abstract The study of examined that gender and age-related differences in seat-belt usage or not usage at different travelling conditions. Moreover, seat belt usage or not usage was related with license year, active year on the traffic, daily time at traffic and place is examined. Firstly observed was done and after that face-to-face interviewing was made with 150 interviewees, who were different gender and at different age. Reported seat belt usage reasons were “safety”, “inexperienced”, “avoiding punishment”, and “previous crash experiences”. Not using seat belt reasons were reported “situational conditions”, “being at traffic continuously”, “discomfort” and “over trust to the driver”. “Safety” was the most mentioned reason for using seat belt and “being at traffic continuously” was the most common reason to not using a seat belt. Results showed that gender differences for seat belt usage, women used the seat belt more than men and being female and being older were effected the seat belt usage rate. Additionally, age-related differences for seat belt usage, results showed that young people, adults and older people all of them used seat belt in general...
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...The Decreasing of Politeness in East Java Deal with Gender and Age Syukur Insani Study Program of English Education and literature Faculty Studies of Culture Universitas Brawijaya As time goes by, people of Java that used to be judged as friendly and kind people, lose their politeness and good attitude slowly but surely. Nowadays fact, not all of them are friendly and kind people, many of them jokes in a very impolite way, they usually insult one's physical. This is the problem of the politeness degradation and this problem is getting worse. It is ironic, so many entertainers become popular or much more popular because they do rude and impolite jokes and the targets of the entertainers are young people that later will become the model of the next young people. Many young people who are still labile or unstable and usually still do not know how to behave but they love to watch television very much become love at joking in this way very much because it has become one of the trends of young people in their daily. Nowadays, there are some television shows that have entertainers or hosts who are often and tend to joke in rude and impolite way. The ways they joke often make someone or a group offended. One of the most controversial cases was when a celebrity couple broke up because of jokes in a television show. The celebrity couple broke up is A&B and A’s partner is Z. “Aku sering ribut karena ketersinggungan saya di acara itu” (I used to get mad because I am offended...
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...1. Discuss How the Interaction of Class, Gender, Race and Age Affects Criminal Opportunities Many criminologists have looked for the answers on the effects of crime with only a few who agree on common grounds on why some choose to commit crimes and others choose to defy it even though there are given opportunities. Criminologists have found four sociological variables class, gender, race, and age are now viewed as a direct contributor to deviant behavior. One view as put by Anderson “When alienation becomes so entrenched, an oppositional culture can develop and flourish. This culture, especially among the young can gain strength and legitimacy by opposing dominant society and its’ agents.”(Andersen 1999: 216). This view I think is one of these biggest contributing factors. The second biggest factor I think lies in the Strain theory which argues that these variables, particularly class, lead to blocked opportunities in achieving the shared “American Dream” which then fostered deviant alternatives for economic success (Cloward and Ohlin 1960). Race, class gender and age are positions that do shape access to the opportunity structure, and may make a path to values that are a direct cause of deviance. Certain types of deviant activities do require knowledge, skills, rationales, and avenues for engagement. Class continues to be the primary consideration, because it interacts with race, gender and age, these which are often implied if not thoroughly addressed. Until recently, the focus...
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...variables class, gender, race, and age are now viewed as a direct contributor to deviant behavior. One view as put by Anderson “When alienation becomes so entrenched, an oppositional culture can develop and flourish. This culture, especially among the young can gain strength and legitimacy by opposing dominant society and its’ agents.”(Andersen 1999: 216). This view I think is one of these biggest contributing factors. The second biggest factor I think lies in the Strain theory which argues that these variables, particularly class, lead to blocked opportunities in achieving the shared “American Dream” which then fostered deviant alternatives for economic success (Cloward and Ohlin 1960). Race, class gender and age are positions that do shape access to the opportunity structure, and may make a path to values that are a direct cause of deviance. Certain types of deviant activities do require knowledge, skills, rationales, and avenues for engagement. Class continues to be the primary consideration, because it interacts with race, gender and age, these which are often implied if not thoroughly addressed. Until recently, the focus has been on poverty as a third contributor to deviance, and yes, some types of deviance are more available to the poor, often not by choice. Some forms of crime require wealth and power such as White Collar crimes generally committed by the middle-class or the rich being mostly white, male and middle-aged. No factors in class, gender, race, nor age are a direct...
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...Decisions The impact of demographic backgrounds (Age, Gender, and Job Seniority) on the security/stability career anchor of IT employee in Dubai Adnane Azwaou 4932080 Meryem Berrada Bousairy 4947733 Youness Chawad 474414 Inaame Hamdoune 4932705 Supervised by Dr. Kathy Ning Shen Spring 2015 Executive Summary The objective of our research is to determine the impact of demographic background on the security/stability career anchor of IT employee in Dubai. The conceptual framework of our research was based on secondary data: a literature review on available theory and published articles of famous researcher and author. All of these allowed us to come up with three main hypotheses: (1) Does gender have a significant impact on security/stability anchor (2) Does job seniority have a significant impact on security/stability anchor (3) Does age have a significant impact on security/stability anchor. These hypotheses were testes thanks to quantitative research. A survey was distributed on different IT people in our department companies. We review some significant articles of Schein, Delong, ad Thomas. Thanks to the research study to determine the impact of demographic background on the security/stability career anchor of IT employee in Dubai, moreover; come up with interesting findings and results. To analyze the data collected through the survey, we have used SPSS (t-test). We end up with a conclusion where job seniority, gender and age have no impact of demographic background on the...
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...theory of gender development. (8 marks + 16 marks) June 2013 Kohlberg’s theory on gender development offers a cognitive approach. He proposes that a child’s understanding of gender comprises of three stages. He believes that it is only when the child has developed a full understanding of gender at about 6-7 years of age that they will begin to display gender appropriate behaviour. The first stage of the Gender Constancy theory is the gender labelling stage (2-3 years of age). At this stage, a child will be able to judge themselves or others based on their appearance only. For instance, they will judge that a man with long hair is a woman. In the later stages of this period, children will not only be able to label others, but also themselves. Evidence for the age of the children in this stage comes from Thompson (1975). He found that 76% of 2 years olds could correctly identify their own sex, and this rose to 90% of 3 year olds. This shows that an increasing number of children can identify their gender at the ages of 2-3, as outlined by Kohlberg’s Gender Constancy Theory. At stage 2 (3-5 years of age) , and around the age of about 4, children realise that gender is also consistent over time, boys become men and girls become women. Therefore, their concept of gender is one of stability but consistency is not yet recognised, hence the reason why this stage is called the gender stability stage. Kohlberg also suggests that children cannot yet realise that gender is constant...
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...CarZuma: Car Insurance Claim Case Study Problem Statement A car insurance company, CarZuma, has collected some of the past data about their clients or customers that what are their attributes as well as their insured vehicles attributes while insuring the same. They have heard a lot about the data analytics and are very sure that their competitors are also using some of these techniques to beat the competition. They have to be very focused to their target segment. Please help the company to answer some of their basic questions like: 1. What kind of segments generates better leads? 2. What would be a good target segment? And which segment is a “bad” segment? Solution For a car insurance company, it is important to determine different segments of customers based on the profitability to generate better leads. Hence , we have tried in our analysis to segment the customers that should be targeted for profitability and that which can be considered “bad”, i.e., not profitable to the customers. Reasons Analytics has been used to address the problem: - * Lots of data but little conclusive information * Analytical capability is a Key Competitive Advantage * Information should be appropriate to take action in corporate Our Approach: Steps Followed 1. Identification of Appropriate Data 2. Perform Required Statistical Analysis 3. Segmentation of Customers based on desired criterion 4. Characteristics identification...
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...efinition Gender typing projects societies' expectations regarding people's behavior based upon their biological sex.[2] [edit]Acquisition Gender typing is most typical during the formative years of developing one's identity. Through social learning theory children learn gender roles and behaviors, and begin to gender type. Through such reinforcing statements as "Big boys don't cry" or "You're such a good girl, being such a good mommy to your toys," children realize what is typical of the male and female gender and gender type other traits and behaviors as they try and discover whether they belong in 'girl world' or 'boy world.' Gender typing begins as early as age 2 or 3, as children are just beginning to distinguish between male and female voices, and develop a sense of language. Children at ages 2–4 are gender typing by the clothes they see other children wear, hairstyles and what toys are okay for boys to play with and what toys girls play with. By age 5, a child now has the ability to gender type by observing behavior, traits and tools used by men and women. A child may associate a man with the words aggressive, brave, autocrat, dominant and independent, a woman with the words emotional, sentimental, fragile, dependent and submissive.[3] In many languages, words are masculine or feminine ("la primavera" or "el invierno"), everything in the child's world takes on a female or male presence and is gender typed.[4] The Cognitive development theory is also important in...
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...Cognitive explanation of gender essay (10) When explaining how gender identity and roles develop, the cognitive approach emphasises the role of thinking processes. It refers to how children gather and make sense of information about gender and how their understanding of gender changes over time. It assumes that changes in gender role behaviour reflect changes in how children understand and think about gender. These changes in understanding, in turn, reflect the gathering of information about gender taken from the environment and the developmental changes in the child’s brain that allow them to process information in more advanced ways. Kohlberg has a table to explain his theory of gender development. It says that a child’s understanding of gender strengthens in stages. At beginning, children think in characteristic ways about gender. As the child moves through the stages its understanding of gender becomes greater. The first stage is gender identity, which is usually reached by the age of 2 years. At this stage the child is able to correctly identify its own sex. The second stage is gender stability, which is usually reached by the age of 4 years old. At this stage the child realises that gender remains the same across time. However, its understanding of gender is heavily influenced by external features like hair and clothing. A boy at this stage might say that if he put a dress on he would be a girl. It is not until the third stage, gender constancy, that the child starts...
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...Management May, 2009 Mobile Handset Buying Behavior of Different Age and Gender Groups Jagwinder Singh (Corresponding author) Dept. of Management, Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Deemed University Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India Tel: 91- 98885- 03708 E-mail: jagwinpandher@yahoo.co.in B B Goyal University Business School, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014, India Tel: 91- 94173- 07276 Abstract E-mail: ubschd@yahoo.co.in The prime objective of the study was to understand the variation in the importance given by different age and gender groups to the select factors while buying mobile handsets in India. The study concludes that the mobile handset users of age group of 18-30 years are less price sensitive than consumers of other groups; rather they consider ‘physical appearance’, ‘brand’, ‘value added features’, and ‘core technical features’ more important than users of any other age groups. On the contrary, the consumers of age group 50 years and above have given greater importance to ‘price’ than consumers of other age groups. There were significant differences between different age groups as regards to the importance given to all the factors except ‘post - purchase services’. The difference was highest for the ‘brand’ closely followed by ‘core technical features’ of the handset. Gender differences have also existed for these factors. Keywords: Buying behavior, Mobile handsets, Age groups, Gender groups, Factors, GSM 1. Introduction India is the world’s 12th...
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...package person; public class Person { String name; String gender; double age; double income; } package person; import java.util.Scanner; public class Survey { Person[] p = new Person[3]; private double avgIncome; private double genderMF; private double avgAge; private double sort; public double avgIncome(){ return avgIncome; } public void getavgIncome(double avgIncome){ double getavgIncome = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 3-1; i++){ getavgIncome++; System.out.println(getavgIncome); } } public void genderMF(){ int male = 0; int female = 0; for (int i=0; i<3; i++){ if (p[i].gender.equals("male")) male++; else female++; } System.out.println("The number of male is : " + male); System.out.println("The number of female is : " + female); } public double avgAge(){ double total=0; for (int i = 0;i<3; i++){ total = total + p[i].age; } return (total/3); } void sort() { double tempIN; double tempAG; String tempNM; String tempGN; for(int i=0; i > 3-1; i++){ //for pass for(int j=1; j > 3-i; j++){ // for comparison if(p[j-1].income > p[j].income){ tempIN = p[j-1].income; p[j-1].income = p[j].income; p[j].income = tempIN; tempAG = p[j-1].age; p[j-1].age = p[j].age; p[j].age = tempAG; tempNM = p[j-1].name; p[j-1].name = p[j].name; p[j].name = tempNM; tempGN = p[j-1].gender; p[j-1].gender = p[j].gender; p[j].gender = tempGN; } } } } public void store(){ Scanner a = new Scanner(System.in); Survey b[] = new Survey[3];...
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...Executive Summary We find that there are some relationships with gender and salary in that firm referring to employee database (in Appendix ) because it is obvious that male employees' salary differ from female employees' salary. In order to confirm this doubt, it seems necessary to do some statistical analyses including a two-sample t test of male salaries against female salaries and a multiple regression to explain salary using age ,experience, and an indicator variable for gender . Through these statistical analyses, we can see that the discrimination truly exists in that firm and what affects the result of difference in salary between males and females. Introduction Just looking at the employee database, we can find easily that the average of females' salary is lower than average of males' salary by $9,000. However gender seems not be the only factor can affect the final result , some other things also looks important such as age , experience and training level. So our purpose is to indentify if gender is an important factor for final result and to exclude influences by other factors. Therefore, the result is as we expected, we are sure that the discrimination truly exists in that firm. Analysis and Methods This section begins with summaries of males' salary and females' salary. There are 28 females with average salary $39635.46 and 43 males with average salary $48726.84, From the histograms in Figure (a) and Box plot(b),we can see a big difference here...
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...Gender and Development Gender-role development is one of the most important areas of human development. The moment a women finds out she is pregnant she is often anxious to find out the sex of her child. The definitions of the terms "sex" and "gender" need to be understood. The term "sex" denotes the actual physical makeup of individuals that define them as male or female. Sex is determined by genetic makeup, internal reproductive organs, the organization of the brain, and external genitalia. The behavior of individuals as males or females, the types of roles they assume, and their personality characteristics, may be just as important as a person's biological framework. In order to differentiate between biological features one may take into consideration behaviors and social roles to establish "gender." Sex and gender are often intertwined, and certain social expectations can be attributed to one’s biological sex. The sex of a newborn sets the agenda for a whole array of developmental experiences that will influence the person throughout his or her life. Overall, the sex differences between boys and girls in the first year of life are minimal. Boys may be a bit more active or fussier and girls more physically mature and less prone to physical problems, but that may be the extent of the significant differences. Mothers have a tendency to ignore more of their son's emotional outbursts in comparison to their daughters' outbursts. Boys may be rough-housed or played with in...
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