...Influenza effects the infected and what we as heath care workers can do when dealing with this virus. Influenza otherwise known as the flu is a respiratory illness, contrary to the misconception of the flu being a stomach bug. The flu is caused by a virus and when contracted can show a wide range of symptoms mild to severe and has even been known to cause death. There are three types of Influenza viruses, A, B and C. In humans, influenza A and B viruses are what commonly effects people and is known to cause seasonal epidemics, while Influenza C is generally known to cause much milder respiratory symptoms and not known to become as widespread. Both Influenza A and B have numerous varying strains that cause the Influenza infection. (“Types of Influenza Viruses|Seasonal Influenza(Flu) | CDC,” 2014). Influenza can infect and cause a disease process in any and all age groups. Typically Influenza is more commonly seen at higher rates in children, particularly school aged children. Severe illness and death related to influenza is more commonly seen in ages two and under, sixty five years of age and older or in individuals with primary medical conditions as well as immunocompromised individuals (Eperson & Bresee,2015). The Influenza virus spreads through respiratory droplets from person to person. The virus itself can spread either with direct or indirect contact between an infected person and another or an object or surface which is contaminated; an example being, an individual touches...
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...4 March 2015 “Ancient viruses regenerated from 700- year- old frozen reindeer poop” Scientists have detected two ancient viruses in an ice patch located in Northern Canada. The specimen that scientists have observed is from reindeer feces, dating back about 700 years ago. This discovery is very important to the field of genetics, because it provides evidence upon how the viruses evolved, and the old compared to new biology. Even with the new techniques in molecular genetics, it was still a challenge trying to recreate the ancient virus from such low concentrations, due to the age of the ancient specimen. The team of scientist used “reverse genetics” and injected it into a plant, which it was then able to reproduce into its offspring. Even with this discovery, it has many scientists wondering if global warming will bring back other infectious viruses once the ice melts. But to put those worries aside, it is highly unlikely that the older viruses will return unless they have more advantages compared to the already evolved viruses that we have today. I think that this discovery is just the beginning of what science is capable of. It not only shows that the growing field of molecular genetics is exponentially growing, but also that their new techniques can generate a scientific break through. This discovery opens up many doors for the scientific field, and helps provide information on the difference between the viruses we have now, compared to viruses from centuries ago. Lastly...
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...Expository Essay - Influenza Vaccine Wendy G. Hill COM150 May 15, 2011 Susan Dietrich Expository Essay - Influenza Vaccine The Influenza virus can infect any age group of people. The influenza infection rate is the highest among children between the ages of one and three. According to the CDC from October, 2010 to the present there have been 91 deaths among pediatrics in the United States. The yearly influenza vaccine may have a few minor side effects for some individuals, but it still has many benefits for everyone. In order for people to decide whether the influenza vaccine is right for them or their families, they need to know some of the basics about influenza viruses. Influenza viruses are spread by having contact with someone or something that has the influenza virus. When a person has a confirmed case of the influenza virus, the individual can spread the virus to others by not covering when he or she coughs or sneezes and by not washing his or her hands and keeping containers or tissues around that may contain vomit, sputum or nose secretions (Center for Disease Control, 2010, Oct.). The four types of vaccines available to any individual who would want to obtain the vaccine for preventive measures. The first one is, Whole virion inactivated vaccine, and this has complete viruses which are not alive. This one is not infectious and once injected keeps their antigenic properties. The second one, Subunit inactivated vaccine; this is made up of surface antigens...
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...EVREN KUCUKKAYA E-COMMERCE SEMINAR Elias A. Hadzilias, PhD NTUA Assignment: On-line security: attacks and solutions 2012 ISG – INTERNATIONAL MBA Table of Context 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. MAIN TYPES OF MALWARE ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Computer Viruses ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Computer Worms ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.3. Trojan Horses.................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4. Spyware ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.5. Backdoor........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.6. Spams ............................................................................................................................................... 7 2.7. Keyloggers ....................................................................................................
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...EVREN KUCUKKAYA E-COMMERCE SEMINAR Elias A. Hadzilias, PhD NTUA Assignment: On-line security: attacks and solutions 2012 ISG – INTERNATIONAL MBA Table of Context 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. MAIN TYPES OF MALWARE ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Computer Viruses ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Computer Worms ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.3. Trojan Horses.................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4. Spyware ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.5. Backdoor........................................................................................................................................... 6 2.6. Spams ............................................................................................................................................... 7 2.7. Keyloggers ....................................................................................................
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...coined, a new methodology in crime has been created. Electronic crime has been responsible for some of the most financially devastating victimizations in society. In the recent past, society has seen malicious editing of the Justice Department web page (1), unauthorized access into classified government computer files, phone card and credit card fraud, and electronic embezzlement. All these crimes are committed in the name of free speech. These new breed of criminals claim that information should not be suppressed or protected and that the crimes they commit are really not crimes at all. What they choose to deny is that the nature of their actions are slowly consuming the fabric of our country's moral and ethical trust in the information age. Federal law enforcement agencies, as well as commercial computer companies, have been scrambling around in an attempt to educate the public on how to prevent computer crime from happening to them. They inform us whenever there is an attack, provide us with mostly ineffective anti-virus software, and we are left feeling isolated and vulnerable. I do not feel that this defensive posture is effective because it is not pro-active. Society is still being attacked by highly skilled computer criminals of which we know very little about them, their motives, and their tools of the trade. Therefore, to be effective in defense, we must understand how these attacks take place from a technical stand-point. To some degree, we must learn to become a computer...
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...• ^ International Committee on onomy of Viruses. "The Universal Virus Database, version 4: Influenza A". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.046.0.01.htm. [dead link] 1. ^ a b c d e f "Swine influenza". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2008. ISBN 1442167424. http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/121407.htm. Retrieved April 30, 2009. 2. ^ [1][dead link] 3. ^ Heinen PP (15 September 2003). "Swine influenza: a zoonosis". Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow. ISSN 1569-0830. http://www.vetscite.org/publish/articles/000041/print.html. "Influenza B and C viruses are almost exclusively isolated from man, although influenza C virus has also been isolated from pigs and influenza B has recently been isolated from seals." 4. ^ Bouvier NM, Palese P (September 2008). "THE BIOLOGY OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES". Vaccine 26 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): D49–53. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.039. PMC 3074182. PMID 19230160. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3074182. 5. ^ Kimura H, Abiko C, Peng G et al. (April 1997). "Interspecies transmission of influenza C virus between humans and pigs". Virus Research 48 (1): 71–9. doi:10.1016/S0168-1702(96)01427-X. PMID 9140195. 6. ^ a b Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Mizuta K et al. (February 2002). "Antigenic and Genetic Characterization of Influenza C Viruses Which Caused Two Outbreaks in Yamagata City, Japan, in 1996 and 1998". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 (2): 422–9. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.2.422-429...
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...Definition; Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes (meninges) surrounding your brain and spinal cord. It’s easy to mistake the early signs and symptoms of meningitis for the flu (influenza). Meningitis signs and symptoms may develop over several hours or over one or two days. Signs and Symptoms; The signs and symptoms that may occur in anyone older than age of 2 include: • Sudden high fever • Severe headache that isn't easily confused with other types of headache • Stiff neck • Vomiting or nausea with headache • Confusion or difficulty concentrating • Seizures • Sleepiness or difficulty waking up • Sensitivity to light • Lack of interest in drinking and eating • Skin rash in some cases, such as in meningococcal meningitis Signs and symptoms in Newborns; Newborns and infants may not have the classic signs and symptoms of headache and stiff neck. Instead, signs of meningitis in this age group may include: • High fever • Constant crying • Excessive sleepiness or irritability • Inactivity or sluggishness • Poor feeding • A bulge in the soft spot on top of a baby's head (fontanel) • Stiffness in a baby's body and neck Infants with meningitis may be difficult to comfort, and may even cry harder when picked up. Causes; Meningitis usually results from a viral infection, but the cause may also be a bacterial infection. Less commonly, a fungal infection may cause meningitis. Because bacterial infections are the most serious and can be life-threatening...
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...Ebola and Influenza are two of the most deadly viral diseases; both diseases come from viruses that can have a detrimental effect to the human body. The modes of transmission and spread of the viruses are what make it most dangerous. According to the World Health Organisation (2012) Ebola has an extremely high fatality rate of 25 – 90% and Influenza kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people each year. Even though these two viral diseases share many similarities they differ on the type & structure of the virus itself as well as their modes of transmission and symptoms. Due to its extremely high fatality rate, Ebola is regarded as being the more lethal of the two. Ebola virus disease is a viral disease “caused by a virus of the family, Filoviridae,...
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...Introduction David S. Wall, author of Cybercrime: The Transformation of Crime in the Information Age, once said, “In a nutshell, we are shocked by cybercrime, but also expect to be shocked by it because we expect it to be there, but – confusingly – we appear to be shocked if we are not shocked (if we don’t find it)!” In today’s society, cybercrimes are considered a greater threat than ever. Computer crime can be defined as a crime that is committed where the computer or electronic data device is integral to the criminal act (Kranacher, Riley, and Wells 114). Although many do not believe that they can cause any vital damage, cybercrimes such as wiretapping, piggybacking, and computer viruses can have significant repercussions on various organizations. By identifying the type of cybercrime, discussing how organizations can protect themselves from it, and multiple real-life examples, an insightful analysis of the implications of cybercrime can be better understood. Wiretapping Wiretapping has become a very common way of committing computer fraud. This occurs when perpetrators read information being transmitted between an organization’s computers. In order to decrease this, companies can implement various encryption techniques to help ensure that confidential information does not reach the hands of a person who can use it with malicious intent (Kranacher, Riley, and Wells 120-21). This information that is obtained could be pertaining to an organization’s consumers, employees...
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...confounding conditions of the study needed to be adjusted fully and the studies re-evaluated. Another question arises. Does mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers decrease the spread of the flu virus within the hospital. Evidence for consistent high-level protection is elusive for the present generation of vaccines, especially in those at risk of medical complications and those aged 65 years or older. Does Science Support the Flu Shot? Since the discovery of the influenza virus and the subsequent development of the flu vaccine, has there been enough science research to support the effectiveness and efficacy of the flu vaccine? Influenza also known as the flu is a viral infection. The flu is caused by influenza viruses A and B, and to a much lesser extent C and there are many different strains of the flu virus every year and they mutate frequently. The virus is spread person to person by droplets made when people with the flu cough, sneeze or talk, and can land up to six feet away. These droplets can land in the mouth or nose of those nearby or inhaled in to the...
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...years have tried integrating technology into classrooms. Of course to have technology they need to have internet for most things to work. Schools must block certain websites so students do not get distracted. These websites would be like social medias, inappropriate websites, and websites that could communicate with other people. Schools block these websites because they are distracting for kids in the classroom, students can could talk to strangers and endanger them and the school, and certain websites could damage the computer by viruses. When having the option to listen to the teacher or get on their phones most students will get on their phones. It might seem that schools wouldn’t have to block social media considering they could go on during a nonintrusive time but, students will still check their social media feeds during class. The school must block social media because those apps are most used on a student's phone. “92% of teens that are ages 13-17 and have a phone go online to social media everyday” (Teens and Social Media). Students will also go on other websites to look at online shopping. If students can not access these websites to get distracted then they can pay attention better....
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...Seasonal Influenza and Impact on Society Influenza, or the flu, is a contagious illness caused by influenza viruses (influenza virus A, B and C) that affects the respiratory system. The illness can be moderate to severe. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015), five to 20 percent of the population in the United States contracts the flu each year and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized due to complications caused by the illness. The CDC also reports that between 1976 and 2006 flu-related deaths have ranged from 3,000 to nearly 50,000. Individuals more susceptible to flu-related complications include children, older adults and individuals with compromised immune systems. Classification of Influenza Seasonal Influenza, along with other types of influenza, is a primary disease. A primary disease is defined as acute onset of a disease or illness that is not associated with a previous injury or disease (primary-disease, 2015). This information is consistent with information available from the CDC as the agency states that the flu, most often, comes on suddenly and without warning. Any complication one may experience due to contracting influenza would be considered a secondary disease. Symptoms consistent with the acute onset of influenza include but are not limited to body aches, fever, chills, sore throat and headaches. People who are experiencing these symptoms are encouraged to see their respective primary care doctor or health...
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...Influenza From 1918 to 1919, a flu outbreak, later termed a pandemic, was the most notorius and lethal of its kind. The exact number of deaths is unknown, but it estimated to be from 50 to 100 million people. This outbreak has been described as “the greatest medical holocaust in history” was comparable in impact to the Black Death. (Langford, 2002, p. 1-20) Influenza, also known as ‘the flu’, is a highly contagious illness caused by influenza viruses that infect upper respiratory tract and lungs. It may present with symptoms that range from mild to severe illness and even, at worse, death. The three types of influenza are A, B and C. Influenza A and B are the viruses that affect the general population almost every winter in the United States. The development of new influenza viruses can cause a flu pandemic. Influenza C only cause only mild symptoms, not epidemics. Although Influenza B is not broken down, Influenza A is made up of different strains: currently classified as H1N1 and H3N2. In the first several months of 2009, a newer H1N1 emerged causing the first influenza pandemic in more than four decades. In a typical year’s normal two flu seasons (one for each global hemisphere), there may be up to five million cases of severe illness and around 500,000 deaths worldwide. Some would define this as a yearly influenza epidemic. (Lozano, 2012) The flu typically comes on suddenly. Symptoms can include single symptoms or a multitude of symptoms to include – high...
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...one way it is absorbed is by being inhaled by the people, which will infect the body as a whole. It is really simple in that bacteria will continue to live freely and happily while the host will have to suffer the effects of it. Some diseases are caused by viruses. A virus is basically a non-living infection that attacks the immune system and tries infecting other living cells. Children are much more vulnerable to diseases compared to adults because of the fact that their immune systems is still developing. Children are weak because they haven’t lived life long enough to gain immunity to diseases. So how could children protect themselves from diseases one may ask? Taking vaccination early will not only protect you from diseases, but greatly improve your immune system to counter all the other diseases. The invention of medical immunizations has not only been used to heal from the disease, but also to keep the spread of disease low. Having immunizations available have greatly lowered the amount of deaths in the world. Vaccination should continue to stay mandatory because it keeps diseases from spreading and eventually killing everyone. Bacteria and viruses infect humans in many different ways. Breathing in bacteria and viruses is one way. This can cause chest pain and coughing which is a symptom of Meningitis, one of most popular diseases in children. Meningitis is an infection in the cerebro-spinal fluid which surrounds the brain and spinal cord. During the infection, people...
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