...postulated in the literature that attempts to liberalise the financial sector when inflation is high can lead to high interest rates and even higher inflation. Thereafter. when inflation is fought, a period of low inflation and high real interest rates follow. Since Kenya experienced this sequence, it appears that prices were unstable before and during the financial liberalisation. This paper argues that this was not the case as evidenced by cointegration between the involved variables and the abliltv to estimate a stable inflation model over the period 1970-91. When the cointegrating relationship breaks down, which it does in Kenya after the financial liberalisation, economic agents can no longer forecast inflation with confidence using Historical data. This breakdown of the cointegratina vector implies that agents switch to forward-looking behaviour, perhaps an indication of lack of credibility, in the financial liberalisation process. JEL Classification numbers: E31, E44 and O11 Kevwords: Kenya, Price stability, Financial liberalisation, Cointegration, VAR. 1. Introduction As part of its financial-sector reform, Kenya liberalised interest rates between January 1988 and July 1991[2]. Subsequently, market interest rates skyrocketed, while inflation rose even further. When undertaking financial liberalisation under conditions of high and unpredictable inflation, interest rates might rise in order to offset anticipated inflation and to balance supply and demand for loanable funds...
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...August 31, 2011, at 11:59 PM ET (“Participation and Overall Qualification Period”). Beachbody LLC’s (“Sponsor”) computer is the official time-keeping device for the Challenge Period and each Qualification Period. 2. Challenge Description: In the Success Club Team Challenge 2011 (“Team Challenge” or “Challenge”), Sponsor invites Coaches to join into teams and compete for individual and team rewards, as set forth herein. In addition to meeting all other terms herein, to be eligible for the Challenge and Challenge rewards, Coaches must form and register a team comprised of five (5) Coaches; however, each team may include only two team members who have achieved a lifetime rank of Diamond or above, and only one of those two team members may have achieved a lifetime rank of Star Diamond or above (“Team”). Lifetime ranks for Team membership purposes will be evaluated based on each Team member’s status at the close of the bonus week ending on June 29, 2011. Teams must be registered by their Team Captain by June 30, 2011 at 11:59 PM Pacific Time at www.regonline.com/teamchallenge. Following registration, Teams will...
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...to understand the impact of Financial Inclusion on Indian Economy. The study focuses on the financial exclusion and inclusion. It concentrates on the various reasons, causes and consequences of financial exclusion. It also focuses on the initiatives taken by the Government and RBI to expand the coverage of financial inclusion. The various policy been developed with respect to the financial inclusion. The study has majorly focused on 4 objectives: * To understand the reasons for Financial Exclusion in India * To analyze the extent of financial inclusion coverage in India * To list the various measures & initiatives of state / central government with respect to financial inclusion * To understand the link between Industry growth and financial inclusion With the upcoming years there is a strong hope that the vision and mission of financial inclusion will be successful and a large group of customers would enjoy the benefits of banking services. The financial illiteracy of rural masses will no more be a hindrance in the development of strong healthy sustainable economy. Therefore, it is suggestible to develop a global network of policy makers in order to enable the country to adapt and scale up successful innovations and access to savings should be a top priority, thereby to ensure a shift from credit to savings. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION FINANCIAL EXCLUSION Globalization has enabled the rise of...
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...SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT ON Business development and market research on Kotak life insurance products and services suitable for different market segmentation. Submitted to: Department of management in the partial fulfillment for the MBA SUBMITTED BY: VICTOR MONDAL REG NO: 1420233 Under the guidance of Dr. Kamal Kishore Assistant Professor Institute of Management Christ University, Bangalore MBA 2014-2016 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Summer Internship Project submitted by Mr. Victor Mondal on the title Business development and market research on Kotak life insurance products and services suitable for different market segmentation, Kolkata is a record of project work done by him during the academic year 2015–16 under my guidance and supervision in partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration. This Summer Internship Project has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship or fellowship or any other title in this University or any other University. Place: Bangalore (Name & Signature of the Guide) Date: Dr. Kamal Kishore ...
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...Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 895–904. doi: 10.1046/j.0269-2813.2003.01543.x A randomized controlled trial of a probiotic, VSL#3, on gut transit and symptoms in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome H. J. K IM, M. CAM ILLERI, S. M C KINZIE, M. B. LEMPKE, D. D. BURTO N, G. M. THOMFORDE & A. R. ZINSMEISTER Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational & Epidemiological Research Program, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA Accepted for publication 3 February 2003 SUMMARY Aim: To investigate the effects of a probiotic formulation, VSL#3, on gastrointestinal transit and symptoms of patients with Rome II irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhoea. Methods: Twenty-five patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome were randomly assigned to receive VSL#3 powder (450 billion lyophilized bacteria/day) or matching placebo twice daily for 8 weeks after a 2-week run-in period. Pre- and posttreatment gastrointestinal transit measurements were performed in all patients. Patients recorded their bowel function and symptoms daily in a diary during the 10-week study, which was powered to detect a 50% change in the primary colonic transit end-point. Results: There were no significant differences in mean gastrointestinal transit measurements, bowel function scores or satisfactory global symptom relief between the two treatment groups, pre- or post-therapy. Differences in abdominal bloating scores between treatments were borderline significant...
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...United Nations Development Programme SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ELIMINATION DIVISION WP 5 GENDER AND POVERTY* Nilüfer Cagatay May 1998 WORKING PAPER SERIES *The responsibility for opinions in these articles, studies and other contributions in this series rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the United Nations Development Programme or the institutions of the United Nations system. Table Of Contents Introduction I. Women And Poverty: Are Women Poorer? II. From Women and Poverty to Gender and Poverty A. Engendering Poverty Analysis B. New Conceptualizations of Poverty C. From Consumption/Income Poverty to Human Poverty D. Are Women Poorer?: Revisiting the Question from a Human Poverty Perspective E. Assessing Gender Differences in Poverty: Quantitative versus Qualitative Approaches F. Do Gender Inequalities Increase Overall Poverty? III. What Is To Be Done? What Is Being Done? A. Gender Mainstreaming at UNDP B. Engendering Anti-Poverty Projects and Programmes Figures Figure 1: A Pyramid of Poverty Concepts Boxes Box 1: Chile: Targeting Female Headship for Combating Poverty Box 2: Gender and Poverty in Guinea: Human Poverty versus Consumption Poverty and Participatory Approach to Poverty Assessment Box 3: South Asia Poverty Alleviation Program (SAPAP): The Case of India Social Mobilization through Self-Help Groups 1 “The causes and outcomes of poverty are heavily...
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...enforcement and public safety administration, forensic sciences, security industries, training and education sectors, and other related services. As defined under the law, a person is deemed engaged in the practice of Criminology if he holds himself out to the public in any of the following capacities: 1. As a professor, instructor or teacher in Criminology in any university, college or school duly recognized by the government and teaches any of the following subjects: (a) Law Enforcement Administration, (b) Criminalistics, (c) Correctional Administration, (d) Criminal Sociology and allied subjects, and (e) other technical and specialized subjects in the Criminology curriculum. 2. As law enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant or agent in any government or private agency. 3. As technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics, questions documents, police photography, lie detection, forensic chemistry and other scientific aspects of crime detection. 4. As correctional administrator, executive supervisor, worker or officer in any correctional and penal institution. 5. As counselor, expert, adviser, researcher in any government or private agency on any aspects of criminal research or...
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...the high rate of unsanitary factors such as animal bodily fluid on floors, hooks, walls, and tools. Injuries often occur in this work environment are due to quick speeds of the process lines and the amount of time employees are given to slaughter each animal. (Food Empowerment Project, 2014). These employees are also vastly underpaid. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, “In May 2012, the median annual wage for slaughterers and meat packers was $24,330. The median annual wage for meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers was $22,830 in May 2012.” (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). These people endanger their lives every day due to the high volume of work, extended hours, and contact with biological, physical, and chemical agents. This environmental injustice raises a problem because many people are exposed to severe injuries and many diseases and some supervisors do not always report injuries. In addition, employees do not report injuries do to the fact that many slaughterhouses operated with “at will” laws which allows management to fire employees without any notice or warning. (Food Empowerment Project, 2014). The focus of this analysis is to identify...
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...and public safety administration, forensic sciences, security industries, training and education sectors, and other related services. As defined under the law, a person is deemed engaged in the practice of Criminology if he holds himself out to the public in any of the following capacities: 1. As a professor, instructor or teacher in Criminology in any university, college or school duly recognized by the government and teaches any of the following subjects: (a) Law Enforcement Administration, (b) Criminalistics, (c) Correctional Administration, (d) Criminal Sociology and allied subjects, and (e) other technical and specialized subjects in the Criminology curriculum. 2. As law enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant or agent in any government or private agency. 3. As technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics, questions documents, police photography, lie detection, forensic chemistry and other scientific aspects of crime detection. 4. As correctional administrator, executive supervisor, worker or officer in any correctional and penal institution. 5. As counselor, expert, adviser, researcher in any government or private agency on any aspects of criminal...
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...HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2004 Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture— so that all people can choose to be who they are. 65 108 166 55 34 82 3 14 91 51 40 138 29 62 6 99 161 134 114 66 128 72 33 56 175 173 130 141 4 105 169 167 43 94 73 136 144 168 45 163 48 52 30 32 Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of the Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic 17 154 95 98 100 120 103 109 156 36 170 81 13 16 122 155 97 19 131 24 93 121 160 172 104 153 115 23 38 7 127 111 101 10 22 21 79 9 90 78 148 28 44 110 135 50 80 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea...
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...The Modernization of Women in Revolutionary Iran The Quran, Sura 4, verse 38 states, “Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another…and those you fear may be rebellious admonish; banish them to their couches, and beat them”. To develop and understand social change, it is crucial to examine the central structures and organizations within a given society. Through examining family structure, the state, and religion, geared with a specific focus on gender, a basic set of followed societal governing rules and values become apparent. Each of these societal structures are interrelated, working together to permit as well as restrict the agency of women in revolutionary Iranian society. For the development of successful social change to take place, it must arise through gender conflict, class conflict, and political action. Each social structure such as, family structure, state relations, and religion, is located within the larger context of a national structure, meaning the examples previously mentioned are subject to larger regional and global influences and changes. Due to this reasoning, it is important to examine evolving economic development and political change to understand women’s status within Iranian revolutionary societies and furthermore, their changing roles within the traditional family structure, Islam, education, and the work force. Through an analysis of class location, policy restructuring, and changing...
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...Jay Schumacher 301083363 July 24 2012 ASSIGNMENT 2 CMNS 261 - Documentary Research in Communication Course Authour: Donald Gutstein Course Tutor Marker: Vincent Andrisani Policy document Research and Analysis Canada. Access to Information Review Task Force. (2002, June). Access to Information: Making it Work for Canadians. Page 2 Policy document Research and Analysis Canada. Access to Information Review Task Force. Overview: The decision to implement an Access to Information Act (ATIA) in Canada was a process initiated in the early 1970s and only in 1982 was a workable law established in this country. Through many years, the preliminary actions were taken by a few and only after the government officially decided to develop the law, was a real concerted effort expended on the Access To Information Act (ATIA). Heralded as an example to be followed, it has been many years since the law was amended to keep up with the times of the changing face of information access. As a result the Canadian act has languished for many years with a constant whittling away at the right to access culminating with the current outcry that the law must be made more workable. This is a brief search of the actions that have been taken and their results. Historical aspects of Access to Information in Canada: The existing Access to Information Act (ATIA) as passed by the Federal Parliament in 1982, and was enacted in1983 after years of attempts...
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...White American Privileges and Social Class Aieleen Lanot University of Hawaii – West Oahu White American Privileges and Social Class Privilege is a concept of sociology used to implicate that there are certain groups of individuals that have an advantage over others. “Social liberties use the term to mean benefits according to white people under economic, political, and social circumstance. (Anyon 17)” I agree with his stance because there is no extension of such privileges to individuals of other races such as Blacks, Hispanics or Asians. The use of this term is mainly in the social inequality context primarily in relation to social class, sexual orientation, race, age, and gender. Several recorded privileged elements show the advantageous that White America has in getting access to better housing, jobs, and education. This paper will explore the issue of White American privileges and how social class status is based on color of your skin and the financial means of your family. In the article by Peggy McIntosh, she defines, “White privileges as a package of unearth assets, invisible in nature and are obvious” (McIntosh 10). There is a comparison of white privilege to an undetectable light knapsack of assurance, maps, tools, guidance, visa, codebooks, clothes, passbooks, emergency gear, blank checks, etc. I concur with Peggy McIntosh analysis since there are several functions brought about by white privileges. These functions include provisions of “perks”...
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...Oliver Pringle Professor John Schultz Ethics 2050 22 April 2014 Closing the Gaps in Modern Education The city of Philadelphia has one of the most racially segregated school systems in the United States with the largest performance gap between black and white students nationwide. “Philadelphia’s black population, and particularly its affluent black population, lives in much poorer neighborhoods than comparable whites because they are so highly segregated by race” (Denvir). The average black elementary school student in Philadelphia is reading at the 21st percentile, while his white counterpart is reading at much higher 66th percentile. The disparity experienced within the public education of Philadelphia children is caused by rampant segregation within the school system itself. Through my own experience, as well as the writings of the renowned psychologist Franz Fanon and philosopher Paulo Freire, I have found that the solution to the public education problem begins with a narrowing of the gaps between the haves and the have-nots. The Citypaper article written by Daniel Denvir unearthed a number of unbelievable disparities between the black and white students within the Philadelphia education system. Studies indicate that “Philadelphia blacks are exposed to poverty at a rate nearly three times higher than whites. The average black person in the Philly area lives in a neighborhood with a 24.8% poverty rate, compared to just 8.4% for whites. Chicago, Cleveland, St....
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...Higher Sociology Understanding Human Society 1 Acknowledgements SFEU (Scottish Further Education Unit) gratefully acknowledges the contribution made to this publication by Learning and Teaching Scotland who have granted permission to use material previously produced by Higher Still Development Unit. SFEU also thanks SQA for permission to reproduce parts of the Arrangement documents. Copyright statement Documents on NQ Online can be downloaded free. However, where the publications are the copyright of Learning and Teaching Scotland, educational establishments in Scotland may reproduce them in whole or in part provided that the source is acknowledged and that no profit accrues at any stage. Other users of these publications should contact Learning and Teaching Scotland before reproducing any of them. Please note all rights held by the former Higher Still Development Unit continue to be held by Learning and Teaching Scotland. Contents Statement of Standards 3 Guide to Learning and Teaching Pack 7 Introduction to the Unit and Learning and Teaching Approaches 8 Class stratification 9 Recommended reading and recommended websites for class stratification 10 Introduction to social stratification 11 Class stratification 15 Functionalist theory of class stratification 24 Summary of functionalism ...
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