Free Essay

Agriculture

In: Social Issues

Submitted By knuh
Words 2580
Pages 11
Scenario of Agriculture in India

Agriculture in India is a major economic sector and it creates plenty of employment opportunities as well.
India agriculture has an extensive background which goes back to 10 thousand years. At present, in terms of agricultural production, the country holds the second position all over the world. In 2007, agriculture and other associated industries such as lumbering and forestry represented around 16.6% of the Gross Domestic Product of the country. In addition, the sector recruited about 52% of the entire manpower.
Regardless of the fact that there has been a gradual slump in its contribution to the gross domestic product of the country, India agriculture is currently the biggest industry in India. On the whole, it has a key role in the socioeconomic growth of the country.
In terms of agricultural contribution, the following states in India are the most developed states: • Punjab • Uttar Pradesh • Madhya Pradesh • Haryana • Bihar • Andhra Pradesh • Maharashtra • West Bengal
All these states play a key role in the agrarian development of India.
The total arable territory in India is 1,269,219 km2, which represents about 56.78% of the overall land zone of the country. Arable land in India is diminishing because of continuous strain from an ever-increasing number of inhabitants and growing urbanization.
The overall water surface area of the country is 31440 km2 and the country experiences a mean yearly precipitation of 1,100 mm. Irrigation represents 92% of the consumption of water and in 1974, it was 380 km2. By 2025, the capacity will probably increase to 1,050 km2, with the equilibrium justifying both household and industrial usage.
Agricultural Products in India
India ranks 1st first in producing the following agricultural outputs: • Anise • Fresh fruit • Badian • Fennel • Tropical fresh fruit • Coriander • Pigeon peas • Jute • Spices • Pulses • Castor oil seed • Millets • Safflower seeds • Sesame seeds • Limes • Lemons • Dry chilies and peppers • Cow's milk • Cashew nuts • Chickpeas • Ginger • Okra • Guavas • Turmeric • Goat milk • Mangoes • Meat • Buffalo milk
In addition, the country also ranks as the top producer of millets such as Bajra, Jowar, and Ragi. In terms of rice production, India holds the 2nd second position after China.
About 10% of the fruits produced in the world are produced in India.

India holds the first position in the world in producing the following fruits: • Papaya • Mangoes • Sapota • Banana
India ranks as the second biggest producer of the following: • Cabbages • Cashews • Fresh vegetables • Cotton seed and lint • Brinjal • Garlic • Silk • Goat meat • Cardamom • Nutmeg and Mace • Wheat • Onions • Sugarcane • Rice • Dry beans • Lentil • Tea • Groundnut • Cauliflowers • Green peas • Pumpkins • Potatoes • Gourds • Squashes • Inland fish The population of India is increasing at a faster pace than its capacity to produce wheat and rice. India holds the second position in production of wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and groundnuts. It is also the second biggest harvester of vegetables and fruit, representing 8.6% and 10.9% of the overall vegetable and fruit production in the world correspondingly. The country is the top producer of jute, milk, and pulses and holds the second rank in the production of silk and it is the biggest consumer of silk in the world. In 2005, the country produced 77,000 million tons of silk.

India holds the third rank in the world in the production of the following: • Sorghum • Tobacco • Coconuts • Rapeseed • Tomatoes • Hen's eggs
By coffee production, India holds the sixth rank in the world.
India houses the biggest number of livestock in the world and the count is 281 million. In 2008, the country housed the second biggest number of cattle in the world and the count was 175 million livestock.

What are the initiatives taken by Government?
In a huge country like India, the necessary extent of outlay for the expansion of merchandising, warehousing, and cold storage arrangement is expected to be massive.
The Government of India has been earnestly trying to put into operation different plans to increase investment or outlay in merchandizing and commercializing. Some of the known plans and strategies of the Indian Government include the following: • Market Research and Information Network • Construction of Rural Godowns • Grading and Standardization • Development/Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the principal authority in farming and ancillary industries, which comprise learning and research.
The post of the President of the ICAR is held by the Union Minister of Agriculture and at present, Mr. Sharad Pawar is holding the position.
The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was set up in the year 1905. The institute had a key role in the studies and explorations that resulted in the Green Revolution in the decade of the 1970s. The Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute formulates new methods for the planning of agricultural testing. It also evaluates information associated with cultivation and offers expert advices in statistical methods for livestock and tree raising.
Of late, the Government of India has established Farmers Commission to fully assess the cultivation plan. Nonetheless, the suggestions received varied responses.
Other interesting facts about Indian Agriculture
India enjoys the second position all over the world in terms of agricultural production. During the period of 2009-10, farming and associated industries such as lumbering, forestry, and fishing represented approximately 15.7% of the Gross Domestic Product of the country. These industries also recruited 52.1% of the overall manpower of India.
Outputs on a unitary basis for every type of harvest have increased from 1950. This has been possible since the government has put particular focus on farming operations in the five-year plans (Panchabarshiki Parikalpana) and stable developments in the domains of engineering science, irrigation, implementation of contemporary farming operations, and supply of cultivation loans and grants after the Green Revolution took place in the country.
Nonetheless, worldwide evaluative studies disclose that the mean agricultural output in the country is typically 30%-50% of the maximum average output in the world.

• Indian agriculture’s fate is inextricably linked to the monsoons. Now this may not have been the case where the country’s farmlands are uniformly and sufficiently irrigated. But, as would be expected, some states are more to blame than the rest. IndiaSpend’s Dhritiman Gupta looks at agriculture production across states and contrasts irrigation facilities and agricultural production; and comes away with some interesting findings. Punjab and Haryana are by far the most agriculturally productive states in the country. And also with the highest irrigation reach. Not surprising perhaps. But what might be surprising – particularly to the uninitiated – is that Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Bihar are the next in the list with irrigation reach ranging from 75% to 64%. Maharashtra figures way down the list with barely 16.8% of cultivable land being irrigated. First we will look at the all-India figures for the last 10 years. Table 1: All India Agricultural Statistics
| Year |Area under Cultivation (million|Production (million tonnes) |Yield(tonnes per hectare) |Area under Irrigation (% of |
| |hectares) | | |total area under cultivation) |
|2000-01 |121 |196 |1.6 |43.4 |
|2001-02 |122 |212 |1.7 |43 |
|2002-03 |113 |174 |1.5 |42.8 |
|2003-04 |123 |213 |1.7 |42.2 |
|2004-05 |120 |198 |1.6 |44.2 |
|2005-06 |121 |208 |1.7 |45.5 |
|2006-07 |123 |217 |1.7 |46.3 |
|2007-08 |124 |230 |1.8 |46.8 |
|2008-09 |122 |234 |1.9 |48.3 |
|2009-10 |121 |218 |1.7 |NA |
|2010-11 |125 |241 |1.9 |NA |

Source: Agricultural Department Of India Lacking In Irrigation Support The first thing to take away from (Table 1) is that India has failed to provide irrigation support to its farmers. In 2000-01 about 43.4% of the cultivated land had irrigation facilities. Almost a whole decade later, in 2008-09, only 48.3% of the cultivated area came under irrigation. Not surprisingly, Indian farmers are still exposed to the vagaries of the monsoons. That they are is quite apparent from the fluctuations in agricultural production. Even though production rose from 196 million tonnes in 2000-01 to 241 million tonnes in 2010-11, the fluctuations within the period are huge. Agricultural production fell from 212 million tonnes in 2001-02 to 174 million tonnes in 2002-03. Between 2003-04 and 2004-05, production fell by 15 million tonnes. The fluctuations continued till as late as 2009-10. Agricultural production fell from 234 million tonnes in 2008-09 to 218 million tonnes in 2009-10. Productivity has hovered around an average of 1.7 tonnes per hectare over 2000-11. But even productivity has shown regular fluctuations. Over the decade, productivity varied between 1.5 million tonnes to 1.9 million tonnes. A first guess toward explaining such fluctuation again has to be uncertain monsoons and use of relatively backward techniques. As we saw in a previous article, an average productivity of 1.7 tonnes per hectare was quite poor when compared to of countries like Australia, Israel and even Peru and Nicaragua. UP: Best Producing State Before going into the state-wise comparison along similar lines, let us look at the states India depends on for its agriculture. For this purpose we will look at the 3 best producing states across crops. Table 2: State Wise Production Statistics in 2009-10
| Crop Category |State Ranks |Total Production |Percentage of Total Production |
|Food grains (million tonnes) |1. Uttar Pradesh |43.2 |19.8 |
| |2. Punjab |26.9 |12.3 |
| |3. Madhya Pradesh |16.0 |7.3 |
| |All India |218.1 | |
|Oilseeds (million tonnes) |1. Madhya Pradesh |7.6 |30.6 |
| |2. Rajasthan |4.4 |17.7 |
| |3. Maharashtra |3.1 |12.5 |
| |All India |24.8 | |
|Sugarcane (million tonnes) |1. Uttar Pradesh |117.1 |40.0 |
| |2. Maharashtra |64.1 |21.9 |
| |3. Karnataka |30.4 |10.4 |
| |All India |292.3 | |
|Cotton (million tonnes) |1. Gujarat |7.9 |32.9 |
| |2. Maharasthra |5.8 |24.1 |
| |3. Andhra Pradesh |3.2 |13.3 |
| |All India |24.0 | |

Source: Agricultural Department Of India As can be seen from (Table 2) India depends on a handful of states for its agricultural production, Uttar Pradesh being the undisputed leader. And across crops, the top 3 states dominate the bulk of production. In the food grains category, the top 3 states account for almost 40% of the production. In oilseeds, the figure is 60.8%. The number jumps to 70.3% if we consider cotton. A handful of states like Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh produce the most in the agricultural sector. Food security being one of the main concerns of policy makers, we will restrict our attention to food grains production from here on. We will try to link productivity in food grains and irrigation coverage of the state. We will take the year 2008-09 for the purpose because irrigation coverage data is not available after that year. Impact Of Irrigation On Productivity The states have been ranked according to irrigation coverage, from top to bottom. Data is available for 17 states. Table 3- Irrigation Coverage and Productivity in 2008-09
| States |Production (million tonnes) |Percentage of Total |Productivity (tonnes per |Area under Irrigation (% of |
| | |Production |hectare) |total area under |
| | | | |cultivation) |
|1. Punjab |27.3 |11.6 |4.2 |98.1 |
|2. Haryana |15.6 |6.6 |3.3 |87.6 |
|3. Uttar Pradesh |46.7 |19.9 |2.3 |75.9 |
|4. Andhra Pradesh |20.4 |8.7 |2.7 |63.9 |
|5. Bihar |12.2 |5.2 |1.7 |63.4 |
|6. Tamil Nadu |7.1 |3.0 |2.2 |63.1 |
|7. West Bengal |16.3 |6.9 |2.4 |48.2 |
|8. Gujarat |6.4 |2.7 |1.5 |44.7 |
|9. Madhya Pradesh |13.9 |5.9 |1.1 |44.5 |
|10. Uttarakhand |1.7 |6.7 |1.7 |42.9 |
|11. Orissa |7.4 |3.1 |1.3 |33.6 |
|12. Karnataka |11.2 |4.8 |1.5 |28.5 |
|13. Chhattisgarh |5.1 |2.2 |1.0 |27.6 |
|14. Rajasthan |16.6 |7.1 |1.2 |26.4 |
|15. Maharashtra |11.4 |4.8 |1.0 |16.8 |
|16. Jharkhand |1.7 |0.7 |1.7 |5.4 |
|17. Assam |4.1 |1.7 |1.5 |4.9 |
|18.Other States |6.3 |2.6 |NA |NA |
|All India |234.4 |100 |1.9 |48.3 |

Source: Agricultural Department Of India Even though irrigation is not the only factor which affects productivity, others being quality of soil, use of fertilisers, education of farmers et cetera, it actually to some extent enhances productivity. A look at (Table 3) confirms that. The first thing to note is that only 6 states had more than 60% irrigation coverage in 2008-09. Then there is a drastic drop. The 7th state West Bengal only had 48.2% of its cultivated land under irrigation. Maharashtra ranked 15th with only 16.8% of its cultivated land under irrigation. With the exception of West Bengal with a productivity of 2.4 tonnes per hectare, all states with lower than 60% irrigation coverage had productivity below 2 tonnes per hectare. The productivity in Maharashtra was just about 1.0 tonne per hectare. Bihar, on the other hand, is an exception of the other sort. Despite having more than 60% irrigation coverage the productivity was only 1.7 tonnes per hectare. This could be due to illiteracy of farmers but the necessary infrastructure to bounce back is in place. Bihar’s agriculture growth rate over 2004-2010 has in fact been the fastest in the country – at 8.1%. IndiaSpend has been writing on the relation between agricultural output and irrigation in the past. The current study looks at the state-wise role in national agricultural output. The reasons may vary (and nature might play a role) but it’s interesting that industrially advanced states like Maharashtra & Gujarat have not been as proficient in irrigation reach. Recent investigations into irrigation projects in Maharashtra perhaps suggest why, at least for one stat

| State wise ranking based on % production of food grain in comparison to all India |
|Sl.No. |States |% production to All |Rank |
| | |India total production| |
|1 |Andhra Pradesh |7.47 |3 |
|2 |Assam |1.41 |16 |
|3 |Bihar |5.11 |9 |
|4 |Chhattisgarh |2.67 |14 |
|5 |Gujarat |2.99 |13 |
|6 |Haryana |6.79 |5 |
|7 |Jharkhand |1.70 |15 |
|8 |Karnataka |4.42 |10 |
|9 |Madhya Pradesh |6.33 |7 |
|10 |Maharashtra |5.82 |8 |
|11 |Orissa |3.38 |12 |
|12 |Punjab |11.65 |2 |
|13 |Rajasthan |6.54 |6 |
|14 |Tamil Nadu |3.80 |11 |
|15 |Uttar Pradesh |18.97 |1 |
|16 |Uttarakhand |0.80 |17 |
|17 |West Bengal |7.35 |4 |
|Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI |

| State wise ranking based on % area under food grain cultivation in comparison to all India |
|Sl.No. |States |% area to All India |Rank |
| | |total area under food | |
| | |grain cultivation | |
|1 |Andhra Pradesh |5.88 |6 |
|2 |Assam |1.92 |15 |
|3 |Bihar |5.42 |7 |
|4 |Chhattisgarh |4.09 |11 |
|5 |Gujarat |3.69 |12 |
|6 |Haryana |3.52 |13 |
|7 |Jharkhand |1.92 |15 |
|8 |Karnataka |6.02 |5 |
|9 |Madhya Pradesh |9.52 |4 |
|10 |Maharashtra |10.87 |2 |
|11 |Orissa |4.37 |10 |
|12 |Punjab |5.09 |9 |
|13 |Rajasthan |10.27 |3 |
|14 |Tamil Nadu |2.56 |14 |
|15 |Uttar Pradesh |16.20 |1 |
|16 |Uttarakhand |0.80 |17 |
|17 |West Bengal |5.14 |8 |
|Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI |

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Agriculture In Agriculture

...to be able to get their needs from their agricultural endeavors. This research concentrates on the agricultural methods which have been developed by the government. The advancement of agricultural methods has led to higher production in the U.A.E The United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) is one of the Arabian Gulf countries with a pioneering position on the Arabian Gulf, has achieved great revenues from the oil and gas which discovered there in the early 1960s. In spite of this wealth, this country's location in a dry desert results in a shortage of fertile land. Most of the land is covered with "SAND" or immature soil which is not suitable for agriculture. Fortunately, with the profits coming from oil exports and the foundation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (M.A.F.), the country has started a process of developing its agriculture to provide the demands of its increasing population and the need for agricultural production .but; we can say that investing money does not necessarily mean a problem is solved. We shall look seriously at the government's efforts to know if it is succeeding and to answer certain questions. How efficient were the old or “primary" agricultural methods use of water? What have been the immediate effects for agricultural production in view of the country's rising population? Over the last three decades? With the government's support and developed agricultural methods, have farmers got higher production? Is the government convinced with the production...

Words: 4068 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Agriculture

...1968). They began to gather, then cultivate and settle around, patches of cereal grasses and to domesticate animals for meat, labor, skins and other materials, and milk. The earliest civilizations all relied primarily on cereal agriculture. Cultivation of fruit trees began three thousand years later, again in the Middle East, and vegetables and other crops followed (Zohari 1986). Cultivation of rice began in Asia about 7000 years ago (Stark 1986). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1884 Arnold Toynbee coined the phrase ‘the Industrial Revolution’ to describe the great changes in the organization, methods and productivity which took place in late eighteenth-century England. Not surprisingly historians soon dubbed the parallel changes in agriculture ‘the Agricultural Revolution’ … approximately 1760 and 1820 the farming of this country underwent and equally abrupt and radical change (Grigg, 1967). As humans began to form permanent settlements and gave up traveling in search of food, agriculture was born. The foods we eat, the clothing we wear, the materials we use in our everyday lives is agriculture. The term agriculture refers to a wide variety of things, it is the science, art and occupation of cultivating the soil, producing crops and raining livestock. Agriculture refers to financing, processing, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products, farm production supply and service industries. This new way of providing food and other raw materials developed slowly, but because it made...

Words: 4218 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Agriculture

...Chase Linto English 12 Mrs. Borowski Agriculture has helped lives of many throughout the time it was started. Agriculture is the production of crops, livestock, and or poultry. Without agriculture, or farming, then the world would have major setbacks from what it is today. Alabama Agriculture is mostly known for making cotton, livestock such as sheep and cows, and poultry, or dairy products. Farmers have been more help to civilization than most people think. Cotton is used to make clothes with its soft structure. Cotton is a fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or a seed-bearing capsule, and it has been around since at least 5000 BC. It was mostly likely to be originated in Mexico and modern day Pakistan. Now it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing. Cotton has been and always will be an important natural crop that has been around since the beginning of agriculture and it will never be beaten by another natural fiber. In Alabama, cotton was, and still is, the driving economic force in the creation of Alabama Livestock is another very important part of life. Livestock in agriculture is basically animals that are bred and raised for multiple things, such as food, fiber, and labor. Livestock is a huge resource for food, such as chicken with eggs and it has been huge change since livestock. Before livestock started in 15,000 BC from Asia domesticating dogs, people had to hunt for their food. The problem with this is that the most active...

Words: 591 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Agriculture

...economic security continues to be predicated upon the agriculture sector, and the situation is not likely to change in the foreseeable future. Even now, agriculture supports 58% of the population, as against about 75% at the time of independence. In the same period, the contribution of agriculture and allied sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has fallen from 61 to 19%. As of today, India supports 16.8% of world’s population on 4.2% of world�s water resources and 2.3% of global land. And per caput availability of resources is about 4 to 6 times less as compared to world average. This will decrease further due to increasing demographic pressure and consequent diversion of the land for non-agricultural uses. Around 51% of India’s geographical area is already under cultivation as compared to 11% of the world average. The present cropping intensity of 136% has registered an increase of only 25% since independence. Further, rain fed dry lands constitute 65% of the total net sown area. There is also an unprecedented degradation of land (107 million ha) and groundwater resource, and also fall in the rate of growth of total factor productivity. This deceleration needs to be arrested and agricultural productivity has to be doubled to meet growing demands of the population by 2050. Efficiency-mediated improvement in productivity is the most viable option to raise production. The country recorded impressive achievements in agriculture during three decades since the onset of green revolution...

Words: 7588 - Pages: 31

Premium Essay

Agriculture

...Agriculture, growth and poverty reduction This paper was produced by the Agriculture and Natural Resources Team of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) in collaboration with Anne Thomson of Oxford Policy Management, Oxford. The authors are grateful to the UK Food Group for their additional contributions and comments. The paper reflects work in progress towards the development of new thinking on agricultural policy in DFID. It does not necessarily reflect the views and policy of DFID. This (working/supporting) paper is intended to stimulate public discussion. It is not necessarily DFID or UK Government policy. October 2004 Contents Executive Summary...................................................................................................... 3 1. What is the issue? .................................................................................................... 4 2. Agriculture, growth and poverty – what we know of the relationship ............................ 5 2.1 The context – the state of world poverty............................................................... 5 2.2 Agriculture’s recent performance – a picture of mixed progress............................... 7 2.3 Agricultural growth and poverty reduction – the evidence....................................... 9 2.4 Understanding how increased agricultural productivity reduces poverty ................. 10 3. Emerging issues and questions................................................

Words: 10970 - Pages: 44

Free Essay

Agriculture

...Republic of the Philippines LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Siniloan (HOST) Campus Siniloan, Laguna Integrity, Professionalism, Innovation Integrity, Professionalism, Innovation COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE March 20, 2016 DR. LOLITA L. BEATO Dean of the college of Agriculture LSPU, Siniloan Sir / Madam; I would like to request the approval of my thesis title which I intended to conduct and complete under the BSAgEd curriculum. The proposed title and the objectives are the following: Title: PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE PARTNER AGENCIES IN HANDLING ON-FARM-TRAINING OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN LSPU, SINILOAN CAMPUS AY:2015-2016 General Objective: This study aims to determine the problems encountered by the partner agencies in handling On-Farm-Training of Agricultural Education in LSPU, Siniloan Campus AY: 2015-2016. Specific Objectives: 1. To present the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: 1.1 Age 1.2 Gender 1.3 Years in service 1.4 Educational attainment 2. To identify the company profile of partner agencies in terms of: 1.1 Length of service 1.2 Location 1.3 Services offered 3. To determine the behavior of students in terms of their: 3.1 Attitude 3.2 Interest 3.3 Time 4. To identify the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities in handling On-Farm-Training in Agricultural Education. 5. To determine the solutions applied by...

Words: 269 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Agriculture

...ability, skills and desirable attitudes which are needed in everyday living (Salandanan, 1998). In this study, it refers to the component of TLE which was assessed to come up with the output of the study. Evaluation. It is a term used to determine the value of thing, and to assess performance (Universal Thesaurus and Dictionary). In this study, it is a term used on how the respondents foresee the subject Agricultural Arts and it is one of components which were assessed by the respondents. Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of growing plants. It includes the cultivation of medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and non-food crops such as grass and ornamental trees and plants. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture. Inside agriculture, horticulture contrasts with extensive field farming as well as animal husbandry. Teaching Competencies. In this study, this term refers to the capability and skills of the teacher. It is considered as the system of action varied in form and content but directed toward learning (Dagoon 2003). It is in the performance of these...

Words: 337 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Agriculture

...Every one of us depends, either directly or indirectly, on agriculture for our survival. It is easy to forget the Urban-industrial society relies on the food surplus generated by farmers and herders and without agriculture there would be no cities, universities, factories, or offices (Bychkov 211). Agriculture is the cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals to produce food, feed, drink, and fiber (Bychkov 211). Agriculture has been the principal of humankind throughout history. Even today agriculture remains the primary activity in many countries throughout the world. In fact agriculture is the employment for about 40 percent of the world’s working population. In parts of Asia and Africa, more than 75 percent of the labor force is dedicated to agriculture (Bychkov 211). When it comes to the classification of agriculture, it comes down to the categories of Commercial Agriculture and Subsistence Agriculture. Commercial Agriculture is the large scale production of crops for sale, intended for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets. On the other hand, Subsistence Agriculture is the food production to supply the minimum food and materials necessary for a family or a community to maintain survival (Bychkov 214). When considering the two classes of agriculture one can see the main differences between commercial agriculture and subsistence agriculture are the physical environment, geographic locations, and cultural practices...

Words: 1004 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Agriculture

...Agricultural Land Use plan for Project 3 Quezon City Metro Manila Requirement for Soils 201 Submitted by: Emmanuel Victor Buniao Submitted to: Aurora Waing Introduction Land is the solid surfaces of the earth that is not permanently covered by water. Human activity occurs in land area that support agriculture, industrial, commercial and residential. Land is a limited resources that must be conserve and be use responsible. As the population increases, the need for food supply will get bigger. As the human population increase the land for food sources will decrease. Quirino 3-A or Project 3 is one of the major districts in metro manila. Project 3 has a total land area of 5.4443 hectares, it is used for different land uses such as residential and commercial. . It expands to Agobo street & and Tindalo street from the north, Dapdap & Narra Street in the east, Buaya Street in the west, and Aurora Boulevard in the south. The District is created in June 25, 1975. It is ordered by the (executive order no. 28) Pds 86 & 210. Demographic Characteristics Population and population density The barangay has a total population of 1,104 with the total of 217 as of September 1995. 828 registered voters as of May 11, 1998. Dialect Most people in this community speaks Filipino. Livelihood Most of the people in the community are employees. Aside from commercial jobs many of them are establishing sari-sari store, tailoring, dress shop, being tricycle driver...

Words: 998 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Agriculture

...SPECIAL ISSUE Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 25 (Acts No. 13) REPUBLIC OF KENYA KENYA GAZETTE SUPPLEMENT ACTS, 2013 NAIROBI, 25th January, 2013 CONTENT Act— PAGE The Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Authority Act, 2013 lkikNONAL COUNCIL. FOR LAW REPORTING 183 RECEIVED 1 3. E33x 1.044; 0'3 00 VOROBi. 712694 2719231 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, NAIROBI THE AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD AUTHORITY ACT No. 13 of 2013 Date of Assent: 14th January. 2013 Date of Commencement: 25th January', 2013 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Section PART I—PRELIMINARY 1—Short title and commencement. 2—Interpretation. PART II—ESTABLISHMENT, FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE AUTHORITY 3—Establishment of the Authority. 4—Functions of the Authority. 5—Board of the Authority. 6— Powers of the Authority. 7—Conduct of business and affairs of the Authority. 8—Delegation by the Authority. 9—Remuneration of members of the Board. 10— The Director General. 11—Organization of the Secretariat of the Authority. 12—Staff. 13—The common seal of the Authority. 14—Protection from personal liability. 15—Liability for damages. PART III—FINANCES OF THE AUTHORITY 16—Funds of the Authority. 17—Financial year. 18—Annual estimates. 19—Accounts and audit. 20—Investment of funds. 184 No. 13 Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Authority 2013 PART IV—POLICY GUIDELINES ON DEVELOPMENT, PRESERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND 21—Land development guidelines. 22—Rules on...

Words: 9455 - Pages: 38

Free Essay

Agriculture

...Agriculture: the cience, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming. Sentence: Alberta has a lot of agriculture. Believing: to have confidence in the truth, the existence, or the reliability of something, although without absolute proof that one is right in doing so. Sentence: He started believing Connor’s lie. Calendar: a table or register with the days of each month and week in a year. Sentence: I marked my calendar for my friends birthday. Descriptive: having the quality of describing; characterized by description. Sentence: He gave a very clear description about the killer face. Emergency: a sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or occasion requiring immediate action. Sentence: He was in the emergency room for 6 hours. Fifteen: a cardinal number. Sentence: My sister is fifteen years old. Genuine: possessing the claimed or attributed character, quality, or origin; not counterfeit; authentic; real. Sentence: He was genuinely speaking. Height: extent or distance upward. Sentence: My height is “5 7”. Grieve: to feel grief or great sorrow. Sentence: She grieved over his death for three years. Inconvenience: an inconvenient circumstance or thing; something that causes discomfort, trouble. Sentence: Molly apologized for the inconvenience. Lesgislature: a deliberative body of persons, usually elective, who are empowered to make, change...

Words: 451 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Agriculture

...Topic: Agriculture Personal notes Outline: * Land Reform & Econ Dev * Explaining the poor performance of African Agric * Assessing the Impact of Agric Policy Reforms * Exploiting the synergy between price and non-price factors 1. Land Reform * Means alot: redistribution/reclamation/reforestation & policies affecting land * For us – narrow focus. SO: redistrib of prop /land rights for benefit of landless / tenants and farm labourers * Agrarian refors – embraces improvement in tenure and agric organisation Property rights: * Establishment or PR system is nb public good * Large info on benefits from public invest in securing and maintaining prop rights to land: in Afr is one of most nb assets Land Tenure: * Must change if agric g and improvement is to happen * Set of rights to det who owns land and who has rights to use and how it be used * Issues: marriage, inheritance, sale, mortgage, size of farming, operation, water, pasture, and tenancy * Types: Communal, Pvt/Freehold, State * Communal most popular Issues in communal land system: * Use and conservation given degradation, agroforestry, cultivation * Security of tenure & investment – what you control determines level of your investment into land * Exclusivity of tenure – if not exclusive use, and you cant control mgt of – not invest * Land as asset for credit – if not own/control, not get finance * Fragmentation/Subdivision...

Words: 1292 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Agriculture

...Unit 5 Agriculture– Basic Vocabulary and Concepts Create flash cards for the following terms. Each term should have its own card with the definition/explanation on the back, including one real world example. Economic Activities 130-131 1. Primary Sector 2. Secondary Sector 3. Tertiary Sector | 4. Post-industrial societies 5. Quaternary sector 6. 5 Countries with large % of primary | 7. 5 Countries with large % of secondary 8. 5 Countries with large % of tertiary | Origin and Spread of Ag 131-136 9. Agriculture 10. Religious impact 11. Hunters and gathers 12. Neolithic Revolution 13. Agricultural hearths 14. NR changes 15. Patriarchal systems 16. Matriarchal systems | 17. Vegetative planting 18. Vegetative hearths 19. Seed agriculture 20. Seed Hearths 21. Animal Domestication 22. Hearths 23. Innovations in Seed Ag | 24. Columbian Exchange 25. Eastern Hemisphere items 26. Western Hemisphere items 27. Second agricultural Revolution 28. Enclosure 29. Crop rotation 30. Seed drill 31. How did 2nd AR lead to Industrial Revolution? | Major Ag Regions 136-142 32. Subsistence agriculture 33. Commercial agriculture 34. Agribusiness 35. % of farmers (LDC v MDC) 36. Use of machinery impact 37. Scientific advances 38. Farm size (LDC v MDC) 39. Intensive subsistence 40. Wet or lowland rice 41. Shifting cultivation 42. Intertillage 43. Pastoral nomadism | 44. Nomadism 45. Extensive subsistence...

Words: 421 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Agriculture

...further our evolution and sustain global society. Throughout history, our relationship with agriculture has influenced our ability to cultivate crops and thus influencing the success of survival, evolution and our global community. With the basic essentials, water, soil and seeds we are able to produce food, through agriculture to maintain our society. Agriculture is a relatively new human innovative rapidly spreading across the world only 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, during the agricultural revolution (Diamond 1999, Montgomery 2007, Price & Gebauer 1995, Smith 1995). We have become completely reliable on our watersoil systems to produce vegetation for human beings as well as livestock. As society has developed into an agriculturally dependent society in the last ten millennia so has the complexity of urban civilization with increasing intellectual achievements and new advances. Its evident that agriculture defines our modern society but it also has negative impacts on our natural resources, some of these factors include: deforestation, soil degradation and climate change. Our human population in growing rapidly and with this there has been an increasing food demand. To meet this nutritional requirement, terrain has been altered to be suitable for agricultural use. Every year forests are cleared on a mass scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land. In fact, “ agriculture is the leading cause of some 75 percent of global deforestation. If rates of deforestation continue...

Words: 1465 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Agriculture

...Zambia’s agriculture has the potential of enhancing economic growth and reducing poverty. Good agricultural policies and a well performing agricultural sector translates into significant improvements in the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment generation, and broadens the country’s tax base since the livelihoods of the majority of Zambians depend on agricultural-related activities such as farming. The sector, if well developed, should contribute significantly to welfare improvement. In the colonial period, the government paid particular attention to provinces which were accessible by railways and also to large estate farmers within these provinces. After independence, attempts were made to redress the imbalance between these provinces and the less accessible ones. This essay sets to highlight certain agricultural policy considerations which were taken into account in the evolution and development of Zambia’s post independence. It will further indicate which policy direction the author would have taken if he were part and parcel of the Zambian team responsible for policy formulation. In trying to discuss this, the author will start by defining what an agricultural policy is, highlight agricultural policy considerations in the post independence regime of the Second Republic (1964-1991) and also the policy direction the author would have taken if he were part and parcel of its formulation and draw a conclusion. An agricultural policy usually comprises a...

Words: 1707 - Pages: 7