...Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have been a hot-button issue, globally, over the last forty years. The global epidemic of HIV/AIDS was the greatest threat to human health and development since the bubonic plague (Mbewu, 2004). Millions of Americans have been affected, and HIV/AIDS continues to be one of the most feared and discussed diseases to date. HIV/AIDS have changed the way people live and produced many health policies, regulations, and restrictions that are used today. In the United States, approximately 50,000 individuals are diagnosed with HIV annually and 1.2 million individuals are living with HIV/AIDS (National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, 2012). The origin of HIV/AIDS is unknown, but it is estimated that hunters in Central Africa were contaminated with chimpanzee blood between the years of 1884 and 1925. The virus lay dormant and was harmless in the chimpanzee, but, when transferred to a human body, it became lethal. The history of HIV and AIDS in the United States did not begin until 1981. From it’s beginning, the virus swept through the nation hard and fast, causing...
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...Task 2: AIDS Stigma in the United States Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS is a widespread disease in the United States that affects millions of people. There are a myriad of issues facing people with AIDS. One pervasive matter is the one of stigma associated with the illness. In some cases, the stigma is as devastating as the effects of the illness itself. HIV was first diagnosed in the United States in the 1980’s and since then has become an epidemic. AIDS is described as a severely decreased immunity to infections and malignancies. Once a person is diagnosed with HIV it may take months or years to get to the point of AIDS. The stigma of AIDS prevails as one of the leading challenges facing the people infected. Discrimination, abuse, mistreatment, shunning, and prejudice are some of the ways that people diagnosed with the disease are treated. The discrimination may be displayed by family members, peers, co-workers, healthcare providers as well as the general public. (“HIV & AIDS Stigma”, 2014). From where does the stigma arise? It emerges from various places. Societal fears such as that of catching the disease along with their personal beliefs of how the disease is spread, is one prominent thought among groups in society. Some of these beliefs are that only people whom are gay, drug users, or prostitutes can contract this disease. These...
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...regards to its use of foreign aid. While it has been a practice for the U.S. to provide foreign aid to other countries for national security purposes, wasteful spending in a time when the U.S. already runs a large deficit needs to stop. I recommend the cutting of foreign aid to foreign nations and in turn setting up an economic investment fund aimed to help countries economies specifically; this is the proper policy because humanitarian groups will always help the impoverished and spending money on foreign aid to help corrupt leaders needs to stop. Foreign aid is a controversial subject because many people have different opinions on how foreign aid should be used and if it is actually beneficial to countries. The American public for instance does not realize that only 1.1% of the U.S. Federal Budget goes towards foreign aid, rather the public believes a quarter of the U.S. budget is spent on foreign aid (Bristol, 2011, p.532). Foreign aid is also controversial because it is hard to measure the success of the aid, since most foreign aid goes to countries that have instability within their government. Foreign aid is important because the U.S. strives to be humanitarian when dealing with impoverished countries. This humanitarian effort, while seemingly good is still controversial because in 2010 humanitarian groups spent more money in their efforts than the United States (Bristol, 2011, p.544). Government action is needed when dealing with foreign aid because there is a responsibility...
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...politics of HIV/AIDS Disease is all around us and when an epidemic hits, it’s not exactly something that everyone can ignore, however when that epidemic turns into a pandemic, many Americans often times pay less attention to the disease in our own country, and more attention to what we are doing in other countries to stop the infection from migrating further. There are currently thirty five million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS and only 1.1 million of those cases are in the United States.(avert.org) With millions of people becoming newly infected each year, many have hoped that with new technological advances, and advances in treatments in medicine, the disease could be contained and maybe someday, cured. However, these hopes have ceased and the realization that this disease has more of an impact than many originally imagined, has ensued. People who originally put this disease on the back burner and saw it as only a small issue affecting a small amount of people, are now expressing their concerns not only for their wellbeing, but for the wellbeing of the country as a whole. These concerns, as well as the concerns for citizens of other countries, have forced many political decisions to be made including the use of foreign aid, and this disease will only continue to have political and economic impacts on the United States both nationally and internationally. From early on, national governments often denied the existence of HIV/AIDS, disregarded the...
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... July 17, 2013 Ramiro Sandoval, MBA Demographic AIDS have made an impact in every community within the United States. Almost every person at some point has been affected by the preventable, but incurable disease. This paper is will address the targeted population with people who have AIDS. Also, data about the population demographics, and the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market, why and how will changes in the demographics of this population affect health care. Furthermore, identify two key health care-related challenges with patients with AIDS, and describe how a chronic disease wellness programs may affect the cost for the demographic. And last, how can an individual patient in the community and society as whole address these challenges. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States (Center of Disease Control, 2011). AIDS arrived in the United States in 1969 through an infected immigrant from Haiti. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an estimated one million or more people that were infected with AIDS and half million individuals had died from AIDS in the United States. HIV is a silent disease that can be undetected. CDC stated that roughly fifty thousand annual infections between 2006 and 2009 in the United States are infected with AIDS. The largest number of AIDS was among white men who have sex with men followed by African-American...
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...International Perspective on HIV/AIDS Kionia Long University of South Florida Word Count: 2317 Abstract The Purpose of the world review paper is to gain an international perspective regarding the effects of HIV and AIDs in Liberia. Liberia also known as the Republic of Liberia is located in West Africa. Liberia has a population of 4 million individuals. It’s estimated that 30,000 of those individuals have either the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The most vulnerable of Liberia’s population are women young girls, and infants. Because of Liberia’s economic status resources are not as abundant as the Unites Stated. Some comparisons and contrasts between the United States of American and Liberia were conducted regarding treatment guidelines and resources, monthly treatment expenses, and prevention methods to decrease the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This will allow a better understanding of methods utilized by the United States and Liberia regarding preventing and managing the spread of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS) in their country. International Perspective on HIV/AIDS “As the causative agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continue to be a major problem in the United States and in many other countries around the world”(Li et al., 2015, p. 1). The foreign country being discussed regarding...
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...considered the necessities to people of the United States and if those necessities are not met by our own doing then there are ways of getting them. There are so many wants and capabilities of making those wants a reality. In other countries it is hard to just get the necessities to happen for them. Some people in other countries are so worried about where the next meal will come from that they are not even able to try to make things better for themselves and their families. Those countries do not have the same help and those countries are known as developing countries. The country that I did my research on is Cambodia. Cambodia relies a lot on assistance. Over the years the United States has changed many times on whether it was sending any assistance to Cambodia or not. Cambodia hurts from all the war in it's past. The different war's that Cambodia has been a part of has hurt them financially. There are many positive and many negative effects that war and peace have on distribution of foreign aid. A positive outcome of war was in 1953 when they gained their freedom from France. Soon after in 1954 they joined the United Nations. The United States and Cambodia have become closer and get along well. Cambodia belongs to a lot of the same organizations that the United States does. The wars over the years and the different people in leadership have been the cause to some changes in whether Cambodia received aid from places such as the United States. During the war's of the past, Cambodia...
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...Running Head: AIDS AIDS Michael W. McAlister Baker College Center for Graduate Studies Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 History 6 Origin 9 The Hunter Theory 9 The Ingestion Theory 9 Polio Vaccination Theory 10 The Conspiracy Theory 10 Spread 11 Research 12 Infection 13 Prevention 13 Cure 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This library research paper will provide the reader with a history of AIDS, where and how it originated as well as the public’s common belief of how AIDS was transmitted to humans, subsequently creating an unstoppable pandemic. This article provides scientific substantiation on the spread infection and prevention of the disease as it known today. Introduction A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large regions such as a continent or spreads worldwide (Pandemic, 2010). Since the eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds, the United States has battled many pandemics and outbreaks of various diseases that have had devastating effects on the public health during the periods they existed by causing thousands of deaths. Pandemics such as the polio pandemic which broke out in 1916 was responsible for killing 6,000 people, the great influenza of 1918 also known as the Spanish Flu was responsible for killing 50 to 100 million people in just six months (The Worst Outbreaks of Disease, n.d.). The number of people killed by this...
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...AIDS: The Modern Black Plague The AIDS epidemic has reached a crisis level in Africa and needs to be addressed by the United States. Efforts to teach the population AIDS prevention, reduce the price of certain medications, and influence the local leaders to teach their citizens about AIDS should be considered by the United States. Along with those efforts, the United States needs to help with the aftermath of the epidemic. In order to fully understand what the United States needs to do to help, we must first realize why the AIDS epidemic has risen to a crisis level in Africa. When the HIV virus matures it turns into what is known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It is a life threatening disease that when contracted is eventually fatal. There are treatments and medications that can help slow the painful symptoms of the disease, but so far research has not found a cure. Since the early 80’s AIDS has become quite a scary issue because of its life-threatening nature. Unlike the common cold or other viruses transmitted through the air, AIDS is only transmitted by sexual contact or by the sharing of needles. AIDS, though a worldwide problem has now climbed to an epidemic level in Africa. CW Henderson, writing for AIDS Weekly, reports that, “70% of the world’s AIDS cases are located in sub-Saharan Africa”(20). Anderson goes on to report that, “The disease kills 6,000 people a day in Africa, has orphaned about 15% of children in the worst-hit cities, and by some...
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...After the Revolutionary War, the United States wanted to implant a strong relationship with Britain and also with France. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, helped settle hostility with Britain and with France. By doing this, he helped to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, started trading more with other countries, and also made it easier for immigrants to become citizens. What Thomas Jefferson was trying to do was to improve foreign relationships and establish a foreign policy. It is necessary to do so when creating a new country. Countries need to create a basis of how they will interact with other countries. Jefferson decided to create a friendly and welcoming policy with other countries. Years later, however,...
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...after World War II had ended the Cold War began in 1945. The Cold War was fought between the United States and the U.S.S.R. The Cold War got its name because it never got “hot” with action of an actual battle. It was more of a verbal fighting and threating to blow up each other but never actually doing it. When the United States decided to drop a bomb on Japan, the U.S.S.R was mad the United States had secretly developed the bomb. Then Russia started spreading communism and the Truman Doctrine helped stop the spread of communism. According to www.historylearningsite.co.uk/truman_doctrine, The Truman doctrine happened March 12, 1947. It was a speech by President Harry S. Truman. The Truman Doctrine gave economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. At this point in time there was already a policy trying to contain communism called the Containment Policy. The Containment Policy was a reaction to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to expand communist influence in Eastern European, China, Korea, and Vietnam. Similar to the containment policy the Truman doctrine of the United States was to “support free people who are resisting being conquered by armed minorities or by outside pressures”, which was said directly by President Truman. Truman had to convince congress that a crisis in two far away countries would threaten the security of the United States, and that four hundred million dollars was needed to save Greece and Turkey. This was going...
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...The United States Foreign Policy with Israel and the Effects on the Middle East Michael Hanners Axia College of University of Phoenix The United States' support of Israel started immediately after Israel's declaration of independence in 1948, both financially and with military arms. With other Middle Eastern countries being Arab, and Israel being Jewish, there has been a religiously motivated conflict in this region of the world for more than 60 years. Many Middle Eastern countries have not nor do they believe that Israel has a right to exist. This has been a problem for the United States since its recognition of Israel. Why is this region of the world so important to the United States? The majority of the worlds oil supply comes from this region. Peace in this region is a must for the United States, however; since most Arab countries do not recognize Israel’s right to exist; it puts the United States in the sensitive position. The United States is Israel’s biggest supporter, when the United States changes policy with Israel; it puts other Middle Eastern countries in a state of uncertainty. What is now considered the Middle East; was once known as the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia. As one of the most powerful states in the world, the empire spanned more than 600 years and came to an end only in 1922 after WW I. The Empire was replaced by states in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its height...
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...Conspiracy of AIDS Thousands of conspiracy theories are tossed about everyday making outrageous claims about something not fully understood by the theories creators. On subject in particular that has been the subject to many of these often ridiculous accusations are ones about AIDS. Today, most people believe that HIV and AIDS originated in Africa. However, the reality is that no one really knows where the AIDS virus originated. Due to numerous counts of cases and other important factors of AIDS, there are many different possibilities that have been proposed regarding the derivation of the disease. For instance, the conspiracy theory that was first introduced to the people of the world was that AIDS was contracted by a monkey bite. But now we know it is impossible. Some people say that it wasn’t nature that created AIDS: it was the U.S Government. According to this conspiracy theory, the U.S Government made AIDS in effort to rule out homosexuals and black people because these two minority groups are two of the most disliked minority groups in America. Though the conspiracy theory, known as the AIDS/bio warfare theory, proposes some suspicious and persuasive arguments, there is no possible way that the U.S Government created HIV. First of all, it is important to know what HIV and AIDS are. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system. It is a Lentivirus, which means “slow virus” because...
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...and AIDS, a Deadly Combination AIDS in this age is an unfortunately ignored topic. The number of HIV and AIDS patients in the United States is steadily increasing each year. The age of those infected is becoming younger as well and little media attention is being directed at those affected by this disease. The increase of HIV infection is becoming parallel to the lack of proper sex education in schools across the country. With a lack of education in the country about safe sex, HIV infection undoubtedly will increase. Due to lack of government intervention on the topic, the people must begin to increase their own level of intervention. The patent was designed for the protection of financial investment. When it comes to pharmaceuticals, there is no more perfect example to the destructive power of patents. Amazingly, there are drugs which suppress the HIV virus and allow its victims to live a life as long as any other person. In the United States however, patents exist which allow for pharmaceutical companies to increase the price for their manufactured drugs to an irresponsible amount. For each year, an HIV/AIDS victim must pay between $2,100 to $11,815 dollar each year. The most common population of HIV/AIDS victims earn near minimum wage, which is about $14,000 per year if working 40 hours each week. The cost involved in being a victim of a virus such as HIV/AIDS is incredibly high in the United States. Due to the relation of HIV/AIDS infection in the United States and...
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...The United States HIV prevention efforts are guided by a single strategy for combating the HIV epidemic: the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS). On July 13, 2010 the White House in coordination with the CDC released the nations first-ever comprehensive coordinated HIV/AIDS roadmap with measurable targets that need to be achieved by 2015. The vision for the NHAS is that “The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination (White House)”. The National HIV/AIDS strategy was developed to address three main goals: “Reducing the number or people who become infected with HIV, increasing access to care and optimizing health outcomes for people living with HIV, and reducing HIV-related health disparities” (White House). In order to decrease the number of people who become infected with HIV it is important to know who currently has the virus, what risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of contracting the virus, and where the virus is most prevalent. This information is obtained by the CDC through surveillance. Surveillance is the “ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event. HIV/AIDS surveillance observes records and disseminates reports about...
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