...the most effective way of preventing diseases must be practiced by all travelers irrespective of which country you are traveling to. Some of these diseases include food and water borne, vector borne, blood borne, zoonosis, air borne, disease transmitted from soil and sexually transmitted diseases. Food and water borne diseases such as hepatitis A (fecal-oral route), typhoid fever and cholera, and diarrhea transmitted by the consumption of contaminated food and drink water or beverage during traveling. For example, drinking water contaminated with raw sewage, eating shell fish (such as oysters and clams) that have been harvested from contaminated water, eating raw fruits or vegetables washed in contaminated water, and swimming pools that aren't properly disinfected. Travelers must avoid consumption of potentially contaminated food, drink and drinking-water. Oral rehydration salts should be carried to combat dehydration in case of severe diarrhea and seek proper information on the foods while practicing safe infection control. Vector-borne diseases on the other hand, account for 17% of the estimated global burden of all infectious diseases and the most deadly vector-borne disease is malaria (WHO, 2014). Malaria has caused an estimated 627 000 deaths in 2012.However, the world's fastest growing vector-borne disease is...
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...With the outbreak of food-borne illness in the city, we would like to inform the public of what the symptoms are, safety issues, nutritional information, and how to prevent this illness in the future 1. What is food-borne illness? Food-borne illnesses are caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Harmful chemicals can also cause food-borne illnesses if they have contaminated food during harvesting or processing. 2. What are some safety issues related to this illness? Most cases of food-borne illnesses can be prevented through proper cooking or processing of food, which kills bacteria. Between 40 F and 140 F. Refrigerate food promptly, set refrigerator at 40 F or lower, freezer at 0 F, and always wash your hands in warm soapy water. Do not pack refrigerator, cool air must circulate to keep food safe. Wash all unpackaged fruits and vegetables and those packaged and not marked “pre-washed,” under running water just before eating, cutting, or cooking. If prepared food stands at room temperature for more than 2 hours, it may not be safe to eat. 3. What are the symptoms of this illness? In most cases of food-borne illnesses, symptoms resemble intestinal flu and may last a few hours or even several days. Symptoms can range from mild to serious and include abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, which is sometimes bloody, fever, and dehydration. That is why it’s important to do research and seek a credible ...
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...contribute to the rapid spread of pathogens and their vectors, which include the advances in modern transport via the air, land and sea, the increase in population size and density, global change and climate change. These features of today assist in the introduction of new diseases and also the re-emergence of old diseases including influenza, HIV/AIDS, dengue fever, malaria, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Cholera and many others (Tatem et al. 2006). MODERN ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION In the past, populated establishments were isolated due to lack of efficient transport. Now in today’s modern society, the constant advances in resources and the requirement for travel has seen the travelling of individuals dramatically increased over the years. Transport systems via land, air and sea continue to develop allowing swifter mobility of passengers and goods across vast distances within shorter periods of time. Although this is exemplary of an advancing society full of promising travel and freight options, this creates cause for concern (Grais et al. 2003). Utilising this expansion in transport, pathogens and their vectors can travel and spread quicker, easier and in greater numbers than in the past (Tatem et al. 2006). Three major consequences of this are the occurrence of pandemics of infectious diseases, the invasions of vectors and the importing of vector- borne pathogens. Pandemics of...
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...Diseases THEIR TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL This project is designed to inform or further the reader’s knowledge about the different diseases and how they are transmitted and can be controlled. Therefore, it is divided into three (3) major sections. These sections includes: water borne diseases, food borne diseases and air borne diseases. These subtopics will go into further details as to make it simpler for your understanding. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WATER BOURNE DISEASES FOOD BOURNE DISEASES AIR BOURNE DISEASES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First I would like to thank the Lord who is the head of my life who has given me the strength, courage, and inspiration in completing this assessment. I would also like to thank my teacher who has helped me in every step of the way. I would also like to thank my friends and family, specifically my parents who has provided the necessary resources needed to complete this assessment and also in giving me the ongoing encouragement and assistance. Once again I say thank you. WATER BOURNE DISEASES HOOKWORM Hookworm is an intestinal parasite of humans. The larvae and adult worms live in the small intestine can cause intestinal disease. The two main species of hookworm infecting humans are Anclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Hookworm eggs are passed in the faeces of an infected person. If an infected person defecates outside (near bushes, in a garden, or field) or if the faeces from an infected person are used as fertilizer...
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...Populations in Texas” by Amy Burdette. I picked her project because I had never of wind farming hurting the bat population. The second project I reviewed was “Changing Patterns of Mosquito-Borne Diseases” by Felicia Castillo. I picked her project because I am learning about mosquito-borne diseases and illnesses, like malaria and filariasis, in another class. When I saw the title I was very intrigued to see how the patterns have changed. The third project I reviewed was “The Impact of Urbanization on the Indigenous People of Guyana” by Mason...
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...Food Born Illness Introduction There has been a drastic rise in food-borne illness in the United States. Food-borne illnesses are contracted by ingesting contaminated food or water with parasitic or bacterial agents. Last year millions of people were exposed to food borne illnesses and many died. Identify the infectious agent (pathogen)? A pathogen or infectious agent in colloquial terms means germ, a microorganism in the widest sense. There are six kinds of infectious agents such as a virus, bacterium, prion, protizoa or fungus that causes disease in its host. The host can be an animal (including humans), a plant, or even another microorganism. Explain how the pathogen is transmitted through food or water? Pathogen transmission involves three steps: escape from the host, travel, and infection of the new host. This infectious agent is commonly transmitted through food, water and air. Traveling outside the country where diseases are common can also increase your risk of being exposed to infectious disease. You can be exposed to certain pathogens when eating foods that have been prepared by an unsanitary person. For example, a person preparing your food after using the bathroom but didn't wash his or her hands. Provide an example of a real life outbreak in the USA? Last year in the fall of 2011, The United States had one of the deadliest foodborne illnesses in the United States. Traces of Listeria were found in cantaloupes from Jensen Farms in Colorado. The...
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...Three Effects of Climate Change By: Nehanda Spencer Contents Introduction 2-4 Public Health 4-5 Water Crisis 6-7 Human Migration 7-8 Summary 9 Works Cited 10 Work Cited Pages 11-30 Introduction Well before the term climate change was used to describe the weather effects on the earth, I was informed about global warming. During high school when I was instructed to learn about global warming it was just a mere discussion based on the potential effects humans had on the climate. Approximately eight years later the suspected effects, of careless exertion of the earths resources among other influences, have drastically impacted the world and scientist have agreed that it is the cause of climate change. I was aware of climate change and I’ve witness many natural disasters over the years due to news broadcastings; such as hurricane Katrina, Washington’s mudslide and most recently Arkansas deadly tornado. However, I never truly grasp the importance of the earth’s current situation until I furthered my research in college. According to the ShowTime docu-series “Years of living dangerously” climate change is inevitable due to the amount of earth’s resources used verses those that are replenished. The documentary opened my eyes to the high tempatures that are spreading across the country and one of the biggest causes of climate change, which are green house gases. The tragic causes of these gases develop from the burning of fossil fuels...
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...and food-borne illnesses. Food safety is an essential health function. Food can be contaminated and judged unsafe in many ways. Contamination can occur during the packaging process, by inadequate cooking or storage. Also, different food products may already have different microorganisms such as bacteria or parasites which may be allowed to multiply and cause disease if food is not appropriately handled. With regard to whether or not food safety is currently a problem the answer is clearly, yes. The concern is that daily, people get sick with what is interchangeably called food-borne disease or illness from the food they eat. Specifically, food-borne illness has a severe affect on infants, young children, the elderly and the sick. In both developing and developed countries, it is a strain on health care systems. Not only does food-borne illness affect physical condition, but economically, individuals, communities, businesses, and countries are affected by food safety problems. Data and Investigative Information Being that food safety is an increasingly important public health issue, it is imperative that governments intensify their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts should be in response to an increasing number of food safety problems and rising consumer concerns. The effect of food-borne illness is widespread, impacting the public globally. According to the National Restaurant Association (2009), in the USA approximately “76 million cases, resulting...
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...tho… a text interrupted my my reading, I responded back and carried on the convo but still my ears were ringing, I gotta get back to that article, who is this man to have 4 pages in print, I know I’m at work but I’m only shaving 15, 038 cents, The words enveloped my awareness so on I read, WTF, you mean at 7 THIS NIGHT this man will be dead, Less evidence than the Anthony case yet execution is 4th time planned, When did Fox cover this story with lead correspondent the Invisible MAN?? Snap back, im at work there is nothing I can do but retweet a few of my friends, But something still bothers me, this mans life is about to END I am about to witness a murder…. Honestly, I don’t know if Mr. Davis did it or not, The system is flawed and that’s the ONLY reason for my Soap Box, Cause if this was my son, my father, my dumb ass brother or even me, I would want more than twitter to start a trend to retweet, I think life is more than a status, update or pic, Injustice is more than wrong, its indelibleness is a trick, Yes I pine for the mother of the deceased as well, Air Borne Ranger Air Borne Ranger on plenty Road Marches I too would yell, Indeed a selfless servant if on title alone, So, God be with the loved ones esp his wife and son who he can never again hold, Tragically they have had this news brought to them before, So my logical understanding of insanity questions the motive of transferring this emotion to someone else’s door…. This has got to be murder…… ...
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...Section 24 of the Evidence Act says Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding.—A confession made by an accused person is irrelevant in a criminal proceeding, if the making of the confession appears to the Court to have been caused by any inducement, threat or promise,1 having reference to the charge against the accused person, proceeding from a person in authority and sufficient, in the opinion of the Court, to give the accused person grounds, which would appear to him reasonable, for supposing that by making it he would gain any advantage or avoid any evil of a temporal nature in reference to the proceedings against him. tc "24. Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding.—A confession made by an accused person is irrelevant in a criminal proceeding, if the making of the confession appears to the Court to have been caused by any inducement, threat or promise,2 having reference to the charge against the accused person, proceeding from a person in authority and sufficient, in the opinion of the Court, to give the accused person grounds, which would appear to him reasonable, for supposing that by making it he would gain any advantage or avoid any evil of a temporal nature in reference to the proceedings against him." [1] Introduction: The word “confession” appears for the first time in Section 24 of the Indian Evidence Act. This section comes under the heading of Admission so it is...
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...work habits. Poor hygiene, poor grooming and personal care, and poor work habits are nothing to be proud of. Poor food handling procedures and unclean kitchen cause illness, unhappy customers, and even fines, summonses, and lawsuits. Poor kitchen safety results in injuries, medical bills, and workdays lost. Finally, poor sanitation and safety habits show lack of respects for your customers, for your fellow workers, and for yourself. You study the causes of food-borne diseases and kitchen injuries, and you will learn ways of preventing them. Prevention of course, is the most important thing to learn. It is not as important to be able to recite the names of disease-causing bacteria as it is to be able to prevent their growth in food. Sanitation refers to the maintenance of healthy and hygienic conditions that is free from disease-causing organisms The Prevention of Food-Borne illness Preventing food-borne illness- is one of the most important challenges facing every food service worker. Most food-borne illness is the result of eating food that has been contaminated. To say that a food is contaminated means it contains harmful substances that were not present originally in the food. In other words, contaminated food is food that is not pure. Any substance in food that can cause illness or illness or injury is called a hazard. Food hazards are 3 types: * Biological * Chemical * Physical Biological Toxins are made by pathogens, or they come from plant...
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...Monsters Inside Me 1-Acanthamoeba is a microscopic, free-living ameba. It is a unicellular eukaryotic organism categorized under the Protozoans. It is most commonly found all around, in soil, dust and several water sources, including ponds, lakes, swimming pools and air conditioning units. Acanthamoeba infection can occur through the eye, broken skin, or through the nostrils. Once it enters the body it can travel to other parts of the body, especially the lungs, brain, and spinal cord through the bloodstream. Acanthamoeba infection of the brain and spinal cord causes inflammatory swelling of the brain, which leads to headaches, nausea and vomiting, tiredness, confusion, lack of attention, loss of balance and bodily control, seizures, and...
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...In today’s society healthcare personnel need to be aware of the various chemical, environmental, food borne, water borne and airborne illnesses that abound. Being well versed in this area means understanding the epidemiology, being aware of the signs and symptoms, knowing what treatments or cures and knowing the notification process for outbreaks, should they arise. Severe acute respiratory syndrome also known as SARS is a type of viral Pneumonia that is very serious for those affected. It causes acute respiratory distress for the patient which can cause death. SARS is transmitted by contact. According to the U.S National Library of Medicine the coronavirus can live up to 6 hours on hands, tissues and some other surfaces and can stay active for up to three hours after the droplets have dried (A.D.A.M, 2013). The virus can live in feces for nearly four days and it is unknown exactly how long it can live in freezing temperatures but it is believed to live for months or maybe even years. The Coronavirus family is the same group that births the common cold, just as you can catch the cold over and over again, you can also become re-infected with SARS. Since this is a newer illness only manifesting in 2003 there are still unknowns regarding the illness. One of these things is how long before and after someone is contagious with the infection. It is clear that they are actively contagious while showing symptoms. Usually people who are infected will begin showing symptoms within...
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...In this paper I will describe what constitutes improper trash disposal practices. I will also discuss the health issues that these improper practices could pose to the people of my community in Allenhurst, Georgia. Finally, I will discuss the possible effects that a natural disaster would have to our waste management services and health. Improper trash disposal practices include, but are not limited to, placing household hazardous waste in unapproved containers or areas, littering or illegal dumping, and illegal burning. Household hazardous wastes (HHW) are things that may be toxic, corrosive, highly flammable, or reactive to other materials. An example is pouring antifreeze into the ground or throwing car batteries into your household trash can. According to the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), “The average home can accumulate as much as 100 pounds of HHW in the basement and garage and in storage closets.” Abandoned durables, such as refrigerators, dish washers and other appliances can also be considered HHW. Littering is carelessly discarding trash and may also be caused by animals digging through trash searching for food. This can happen by trash bags not being in appropriate trash containers. Illegal dumping is intentionally discarding trash in unapproved areas, such as privately owned land, vacant lots or even bodies of water such as creeks, ponds, lakes, etc. Illegal dumping was a growing problem in our community a couple of years ago. The tiny dump that was...
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...Surname: Presented to Institution Name, Location Date Management plan Introduction The management of wetlands such as that of Milperra Bushland involves all the activities that can be conducted within and without the wetland regions. These activities can either be natural or manmade depending on the constrains and limitations that the management team is facing. The main aim of all these activities is to protect, manipulate, restore and provide for the functions and values the wetland areas. Management of wetland areas can be done through making sure that all the constrains and limitations hindering the achievement of the management team are technically dealt with. A range of constrains and limitations of managing Milperra Bushland as one of the sensitive wetlands within Australia include: Financial limitation This is experienced not only by the managing team of Milperra Bushland but almost all wetland in Australia have this problem. Financial limitation can be shown by the median funding level that has been reported by about thirty three rehabilitation projects in Australia. This amounted to about $ 30, 000 every year. This is technically this cannot support a full time employed skilled personnel (Helmsman, 1991). Time limitations Time limitations have been depicted by an assessment of about thirty rehabilitations projects. It is expected that to completely rehabilitate a wetland over a decade is technically required. There is a dire need to make...
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