...Cam Mancuso Mike Bahr Writing-2010 Proposal Recommendation The Salt Lake Driving Alternative With all great inventions come great consequences. Automobiles, along with many other wonderful inventions, possess adverse effects that just about rival their benefits. Since the initial birth of the car (which has grown to add trucks and SUV’s), pollution has been one of the major issues surrounding it. Pollution from vehicles has not only had negative effects on the environment, but also on people’s health. One major creation within many cities in which cars and trucks pose an environmental and health risk is smog. Around the world, including the US, smog is becoming a more prominent issue. Within the US a place that has been especially affected by smog is the Salt Lake valley, including Salt Lake City and it’s surrounding neighborhoods. The Salt Lake valley has been long known for it’s issues concerning air quality due to smog; with incentives for commuters to find alternative means of transportation there lies potential for a significant impact to be made on the air and health quality within the valley. Since the early 1900s the Salt Lake Valley has been dealing with the issue of poor air quality. Partially due to its location at the front of the Wasatch Range, Salt Lake City is especially susceptible to smog. High-pressure fronts place dry air masses over this region. This combined with an atmospheric inversion creates prime conditions for a haze that is so thick; it has been...
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...I. Table of Contents Page 1: Executive Summary Page 2: Goals of the Study Page 2: Peer Corridor Descriptions Charlotte Denver Phoenix Sacramento Salt Lake City Page 5: Economic Indicators Property Values Business Development Transportation Times and Costs Environmental Indicators Air Quality Indexes (AQI) Carbon Monoxide Concentration Trends Ozone Concentration Trends Health Indicators Asthma Rates Traffic Fatalities Results and Conclusion II. Executive Summary This paper serves as an addendum to the previously existing Transit Oriented Development in the Triangle Region report compiled by the Triangle J Council of Governments. It analyzes the impacts of light rail transit in regions that are comparable to the Triangle Region (as defined by the region surrounding Duke to NC State to UNC). This study focuses on the effects of Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a result of light rail implementation. Additionally, we examine how light rail impacts the following sub-categories: environment, economic, and health indices. These indices shape our assessment of whether or not light rail is a worthwhile investment in the Triangle Region. In order to enable politicians to make the best decisions regarding light rail, we provide a comprehensive analysis of peer corridors that are similar to the Triangle Region. Based on population growth projections for the Triangle Region, we find it necessary to offset the corresponding increases in traffic rates and the...
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...EARTH POLLUTION By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed...
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...EARTH POLLUTION By: GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed...
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...Content Water they say is life, and indeed they were right. With about 70% of the earth’s cover being water; it undeniably becomes one of our greatest resources. Water resources are used in various ways including direct consumption, agricultural irrigation, fisheries, hydropower, industrial production, recreation, navigation, environmental protection, the disposal and treatment of sewage, and industrial effluents. Water has sources and supplies, economic, social, and political characteristics which make it a unique and challenging natural resource to manage. Water resources refer to the supply of groundwater and surface water in a given area. Water resources may also reference the current or potential value of the resource to the community and the environment. The maximum rate that water is potentially available for human use and management is often considered the best measure of the total water resources of a given region. With two thirds of the earth's surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. Water circulates through the land just as it does through the human body, transporting, dissolving, replenishing nutrients and organic matter, while carrying away waste material. Further in the body, it regulates the activities of fluids, tissues, cells, lymph, blood and glandular secretions. An average adult body contains 42 litres of water and with just...
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...My Environmental Worldview. Now at the turn of the two centuries the mankind comes to grips with the sharpest global problems of the modern world menacing to the existence of a civilization and even of the life on our planet. Inability to foresee and to prevent negative consequences of scientific and technical revolution threatens to cause to fall the mankind into thermonuclear, ecological or a social disaster. In many cities and rural areas the present state of the environment can be called as an ecological disaster. And the number of these cities and rural areas is still being increased. We are almost on a threshold of the close global catastrophe. If the mankind doesn't give a priority to the problems of ecology and multiply efforts on preservation and restoration of the natural environment in its activity, probably it will soon collide with irreversible processes not only in the nature, but also in the evolution of the human being as a part of the nature. Everyone should know the problems facing to the mankind: Human population growth, waste management, sustainable development, energy, depleting forests, mineral, water, soil resources etc. Exactly the Earth topsoil represents the major component of the Earth biosphere. The significant value of the soil consists in accumulation of organic matter, various chemical elements, and also energy. The topsoil performs functions of a biological absorber, the destroyer and neutralizer...
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...Atmospheric Pollution As I had started my research on atmospheric pollution, I had come to find that it all coincides with global warming. Due to the gases that are being released in the air from vehicles, it starts to destroy the atmosphere. However, it is not just the gases from the vehicles, there are also gases from power plants and aerosol cans, for example, hairspray. Smokers also contribute to the pollution in the atmosphere. All of this will be discussed further into the paper. The one thing that was asked was to give a detailed description of the problem. Coming up with a detailed description was not a problem but difficult and time consuming. I have come up with a number of problems that atmospheric pollution, or global warming, has on people, animals and the world. Map Results I have found a map that shows the locations where there is air pollution. On this map, there are images of blue, purple and red dots. These dots represent the U.S. Industrial facilities that use toxic chemicals. The city and states with a high count of toxic usage had the blue and red dots next to them. These city and states are as follows: Phoenix, Arizona, Salt Lake City, Utah, San Diego, California, Los Angeles, California, Riverside, California, Bakersfield, California, San Francisco, California, Stockton, California, Sacramento, California, Las Vegas, Nevada, Portland, Oregon, and Seattle Washington. There are 34 city and states including Canada that are highlighted...
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...Solutions that will reduce pollution, erosion & ecosystem degradation of Jamaica Bay Climate change has affected many specimens and their habitats all around the world. Many have impacted ecosystems as well as societies in endless amounts of ways. This can include many results, such as frequent severe storms with greater damage, an increase in floods or droughts, rising sea levels, oceans becoming acidic, increase or decrease in rain fall, altering ecosystems, damaging wetlands, economic problems and many more. There are local governments and organizations in which are currently working towards preparing the impacts of climate change through sustainable developments, laws, and policies. My research project with be consisted of identifying solutions that will reduce pollution, erosion, and ecosystem degradation of Jamaica Bay. In addition, Jamaica bay is one of the largest areas of open space with New York City. This serves as a significant natural area within one of the nation’s most populous urban centers. Due to this, it is located within the circumference of a heavily populated region and is acceptable to receive modifications from humanity. The Jamaica Bay is one of the primary components to The Gateway National Recreation Area (Gateway NRA), whereas it is a large body of water which drains portions of Queens, Brooklyn, and Nassau counties of New York, and discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. The Jamaica Bay Unit is approximately 6,500 hectares (16,000 acres)...
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...Karakalpakstan Kayla Woodhouse Summer, 2015 Introduction The Aral Sea has been a source of jobs, stability, and nutrition for centuries. But since the time when Uzbekistan was under the control of the Russian government – the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also known as USSR and the Soviet Union – the region has experienced many difficulties. The Aral Sea was once the fourth largest lake in the world, but it has shrunk in tremendous proportions causing many effects such as pollution, temperature fluctuations, and disease. In this paper, six of the nine thematic concepts of geography are examined in Uzbekistan, and specifically in the region around the Aral Sea, Karakalpakstan. The topics covered are society, politics, environment, economy, culture, and history. History The history and story of Uzbekistan is an essential part of Central Asian development. Until the mid-1920s, the region of Uzbekistan and its neighboring countries was called Turkestan. After the campaigns of Alexander the Great during the 330-320s BC, Uzbekistan (then Turkestan) became a major trade center because of its location and the emergence of the Silk Road. In the 900s, Turkestan became deeply rooted in the Muslim religion. In the second half of the 19th century the Russian empire had conquered much of the region. Cotton became a major crop in both rural and urbanized areas. But many people were dissatisfied with the Russian rule and revolted. By 1916,rebellions – both large and small –...
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...1) Describe the types and effects of water pollutants 2) investigate water quality today 3)Explain water pollution control 4) Summarize water legislation Slide one • In the early days of the industrial revolution people gave little attention to the pollution of lakes , rivers , and the coastal oceans. • Water pollution • "The Silent Highwayman". Cartoon commenting on polluted condition of the Thames. Punch, 10 July 1858. Source: Wikimedia Commons • The growth of the major industrial cities also caused water pollution. All too often, rivers that pass through urban areas became a receptacle for human waste products, both domestic and industrial. Sewage, as in most cities, was washed out into the streets where it found its way to the rivers with disastrous consequences. • In the first half of the 18th century, both London and Paris, the largest cities in Europe with respectively 1 and 2.4 million inhabitants by 1850, experienced a series of recurring epidemics of cholera and typhoid. In 1832 over 20,000 Parisians died in a cholera outbreak; London experienced similar outbreaks. This was caused by increasing amounts of sewage dumped into the Seine and Thames rivers. • London was one of the first cities in the world to build a sewer system and improve the quality of its drinking water supply. The London Board of Health eliminated cesspools in the late 1840s, and a Metropolis Water Act of 1852 forced water companies to move their intakes upstream and regulate their...
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...Front is a scenic region of land known as Weber County. This county ranges from the peaks of the Wasatch Mountains into a portion of the Great Salt Lake of the lower valley. The Weber and Ogden rivers and their tributaries run through its valleys (Weber County, 2015). Weber County is the second smallest county in land mass and has the fourth largest population in the state. County population in 2012 was 236,000 (94% urban, 6% rural), comprised of the communities of Ogden, Farr West, Harrisville, Hooper, Huntsville, Marriot-Slaterville, North Ogden, Plain City, Pleasant View, Riverdale, Roy, South Ogden, Uintah, Washington Terrace and West Haven (Weber County, Utah, 2013). Ogden City is the largest of these cities with a population of 82,702 and is the county seat. (Ogden City Corp., 2013). Since 2000, Weber County has experienced a 14.4% population growth, demonstrating the appeal of Weber County. Forbes has ranked Ogden number 20 on its list of “America’s 20 Fastest Growing Cities” two years in a row (Weber e.d.p., 2013). Weber County embraces its diverse cultural and ethnic history. They annually host many cultural festivals such as the Greek Festival, the German HOF Winter Festival, Cinco de Mayo, Juneteenth Festival and the Harvest Moon Festival. In just thirty minutes Weber County residents can leave the exciting city life of shopping, movies and dining to a relaxing mountain hike or skiing experience, depending on the season. The Metro to Mountain experience...
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...plastic glass, your broken cell phone or the used up battery cells from your portable CD/MP3 player, they all contribute in some way to environmental pollution and are also hazardous to life. Not only are they biodegradable, but also disposing of them has their own risks as they release harmful toxins into the air and surrounding soil and ground water. All these cause water pollution .! What is water pollution? Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels. It has been suggested that it is the leading word wide cause of deaths and diseases,[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.[2] An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day.[3] Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of...
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...Ervan Valdez Professor Forest English 1010 75E 4/5/2014 My Hometown The most magnificent place to be, besides my bed, is San Francisco, California. The mixture of clean crisp air and air pollution, the gorgeous view atop the Coit Tower, and the taste of salt in the waters of the bay. It is Seven O’clock in the morning, the sun is starting to drag itself higher, shining the landscape, the scent of brewed coffee in every home and restaurant indicates the start of a beautiful day. People on their way to work, students on their way to school. For me, it’s exactly the memories and joy I experience when I am there that will always have a special place in my heart. We moved to many districts in San Francisco, but the home I will always remember was in the city limits located in the middle of downtown Tenderloin. It was an old apartment with the exterior occupied by loiterers which smell of burned nicotine, and the aroma of liquor. We stayed on the 3rd floor of the apartment where I would play freeze tag with my friends in the spacious red carpet hallways, jump three steps up or down in the carpeted stairs, and sneak up to the grey painted roof, tossing rocks off to the distance. There was a parking lot in the back for tenant’s vehicles, sometimes used by the public to park for special events or enjoy the weekend nightlife. Before the sun starts to set slowly, we would have a pickup game of basketball in a rim secured on a plywood that’s also secured on a high fence about ten feet...
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...Table of Contents Chapter-1: Introduction 4 Chapter-2: Water Crisis 6 Chapter-3: The environmental effects of Hydraulic Fracturing 8 Air: 8 Water: 8 Deforestation: 9 Health: 9 Climate: 9 Faulty Wells: 9 Chapter-4: Hydraulic Fracturing: A Controversial Topic 10 Chapter-5: Conclusion and Recommendation 12 5.1 Water Scarcity Issues and Factors: 12 5.2 Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Scarcity: 14 Bibliography 15 Appendices 17 Appendix-1: Shale Gas Extraction 17 Appendix-2: Components of Fracturing Fluid 18 Appendix-3: Percentage of Global share by gas types 19 Appendix-4: Reducing Surface Footprint with Horizontal Drilling 20 Appendix-5: Satellite view of a Hydraulic Fracturing fluid storage 21 Appendix-6: Possible risks of Hydraulic Fracturing 22 Appendix-7: Global physical and economic water scarcity 23 Appendix-8: Survey conducted in Yangon, Myanmar 24 Chapter-1: Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is the process of obtaining natural gas by drilling into shale rock layers deep within the Earth. This process was made possible by advances in drilling technology in the past 100 years (www.energyfromshale.org/). Hydraulic fracturing of shale gas is also known as “fracking”. Hydraulic fracturing involves usage of vast amounts of a water mixture directed under high pressure at layers of shale to release the gas. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation states that approximately 2.4 to 7.8 million gallons of water are needed per fracturing...
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...Earthquakes I Earth’s composition Earth is a dense, stratified planet with many layers: core (inner and outer), mantle and crust Inner core: most dense material, solid iron and nickel Outer core: second most dense, liquid, iron and nickel Mantle: composed of oxygen, silicon, magnesium, aluminum Crust: composed of sodium and potassium rich silicate rocks Upper 100-350 km of upper mantle makes up asthenosphere: fluid layer due to heating from core Plate tectonics Earth’s uppermost layer, the lithosphere, broken up into 7 plates due to movement of asthenosphere underneath Plate tectonics- name for dynamic interactions of these plates Plate boundaries 3 types: divergent, covergent, and transform Divergent boundaries: tension from deep earth pulls two plates away from each other, allowing lava to upwell through the cracks and create new seafloor Covergent boundaries: two plates coming together as stress pushes plates toward each other- one plate forced under another in a subduction zone Transform boundaries: two plates slide past each other horizontally-frequent cause of destructive forces like earthquakes The nature of earthquakes Cause = abrupt movements on faults Fractures in earths lithosphere Normal fault- block above the fault has moved downward relative to the black below Reverse fault- upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block (aka thrust fault) Right lateral strike slip fault- two blocks slide past one another Earths crustal...
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