...Introduction The Australian Transport and Logistics (T&l) industry is the soul of our country's financial well‐being, creating 14.5% of Australia's GDP and giving more than 1 million employments over 165,000 companies1. Without it our blossoming assets trades, our rural yield, the merchandise on our general store racks and our workers can't achieve their ends of the line, whether that be China, Tamworth or George Street in Sydney. Australia's rail industry has encountered a remarkable time of change and re-organizing over the previous decade, beginning with making of the National Rail Corporation in 1993 and the split and privatization of Australian National in 1996. With few special cases, the institutional and possession courses of action that had since a long time ago portrayed Australian lines until the early 1990's are to a great extent unrecognizable today. Close by these real changes, there have been critical changes in the rail possession base and staffing, most prominently an extreme decrease in the business' specifically utilized workforce to around one-third today of what it had been approximately 20 years prior. Australian rail is no more the work escalated and totally unionized industry that it had generally been, with numerous capacities outsourced to authority suppliers and others having vanished altogether. All around, the business can now be viewed as having get to be moderately capital escalated. The way of rail operations and the business sectors it...
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...International Air Transport Association - Introduction IATA - The International Air Transport Association - was founded in Havana, Cuba, in April 1945. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's consumers. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA. At its founding, IATA had 57 members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and North America. Today it has some 230 members from 126 nations in every part of the globe. The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in the Hague in 1919 - the year of the world's first international scheduled services. Early Days The old IATA was able to start small and grow gradually. It was also limited to a European dimension until 1939 when Pan American joined. The post-1945 IATA immediately had to handle worldwide responsibilities with a more systematic organisation and a larger infrastructure. This was reflected in the 1945 Articles of Association and a much more precise definition of IATA's aims than had existed before 1939. To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to...
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...720th Special Tactics Strategic Analysis The 720 Special Tactics Group Strategic Analysis Strategic Planning OM 5040 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Background 4 History 7 Organization 11 Mission statement 13 Mission 13 Mission Task 13 Vision statement analysis 15 Strategic management Application 17 Value Chain 18 Primary Activities 18 Support Activities 19 Translating...
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...parties • Warehousing, packaging and packing • Handling of dangerous goods • Cargo clearance procedures at the front office • Documentation and carriage of goods under the various transport modes • Computation of freight rates Course Objectives At the end of the course the trainees must be able to: • Identify the scope of clearing and forwarding, the field environment including rights, duties and responsibilities of a freight forwarder • Outline usage of import, export documents and associated terms in relation to C&F operations aspects of international trade • Appreciate the legal context /implication of various documents used in import-export and their sources • Demonstrate ability to perform consolidations and plan intermodal journeys for containerised and conventional cargo • Demonstrate general knowledge on the handling and classification of dangerous cargo under various transport modes • Appreciate outcomes of international conventions and their application • Identify procedures relating to clearance an forwarding cargo in international trade • Appreciate the essence of warehousing ,packaging and packing of goods • Apply relevant conversion units and formulas in the computation of freight rates • Outline and illustrate the constituents of freight rates under different transport modes • Apply the knowledge in their work Module 1 Scope of Freight Forwarding Services Objectives • By the end of the module, the trainee should be able to: • Define a freight...
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...International Tourism and Transport Assignment One: BX660020 Scotland By: To: Word count: 2,459 Date: 23/03/2012 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to examine and discuss land, air and sea transport modes with reference to examples of each type of transportation. The importance of these transport modes will be analysed with reference to regional, national and international networks including supply and demand. The importance of these networks will then be critically evaluated. The country that will be analysed will be Scotland. Scotland is the most northerly of the four parts of the United Kingdom and occupies about one third of the island of Great Britain. “Scotland is bounded by England to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north, and the North Sea to the east”(Alice Brown 2012) . A map of Scotland can be seen below in blue. (http://m.wikitravel.org/en/UK) With a population of 5,169,000 (2008), a total land mass of 77,925(sq. km) and the fact that it is made up of over 790 islands an extensive transport system is needed for locals to get around and tourists to see the country (Alice Brown 2012). As stated in the Scotland National Transport Strategy “Transport is an essential part of economic activity. Infrastructure, roads, rail, airports and ports – and the businesses that use these assets - are all vital components of Scotland’s economy. Transport has a significant and positive contribution...
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...The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an industry trade group for airlines around the globe. IATA represents 240 airlines or 84% of total air traffic. They assist different aviation activities and help form industry policy on aviation issues. IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba in April 1945. They consisted of 57 members in 31 countries. They promote “safe, reliable, secure and economical air services” for their consumers worldwide. IATA’s schedule is 100 times larger than in 1945. “Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA.” IATA was able to small due to only being limited to Europe and North America. The current IATA we have today is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association founded in The Hague in 1999. That same year was the world’s finest international scheduled services. The old IATA was limited to certain regions until 1939 when Pan America joined. After 1945 IATA’s infrastructure kept growing and as a result, it led to larger responsibilities with a more systematic organization. IATA set out new aims much more precise than the ones before 1945. Including “promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to study the problems connected therewith” also, “To provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged directly...
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...Air transport is the most modern means of transport which is unmatched by its speed, time- saving and long-distance operation. It is very important for a large country like India. Through it one can easily reach to remote and inaccessible areas like mountains, forests, deserts etc. It is very useful during the times of war and natural calamities like floods, earthquakes, famines, epidemics, hostility and collapse of law and order. The beginning of the air transport was made in 1911 with a 10 km air mail service between Allahabad and Naini. The real progress was achieved in 1920 when some aerodromes were constructed and the Tata Sons Ltd. started operating internal air services (1922). Flying clubs were opened in Delhi, Karachi, Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1928. In 1933 another company Indian National Airways was constituted to serve between Karachi and Lahore. In 1938 .the Empire Air Mail Service was introduced to carry mail between the empire countries. In 1946, the Government set up the Air transport Licensing Board which granted 11 licenses. At the time of Independence 4 companies were operating their air services (Tata Sons Ltd., Indian National Airways, Air Services of India and Deccan Airways). By 1951 there were 4 new entrants: (Bharat Airways, Himalayan Aviation Ltd., Airways India, and Kalinga Airlines). Airports India has international airports besides 87 aerodromes divided into major, intermediate and minor categories. Its 5 major international...
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...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air...
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...CONTENTS 1. MEANING-PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION 2. A SYSTEM APPROACH (COMPONENTS) 3. COMPONENTS :- TRANSPORTATION i. MEANING ii. FUNCTIONS iii. MODES – MEANING,FEATURES,ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES * ROAD * RAIL * WATER * AIR PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION MEANING: Physical distribution is the set of activities concerned with efficient movement of finished goods from the end of the production operation to the consumer. Physical distribution takes place within numerous wholesaling and retailing distribution channels, and includes such important decision areas as customer service, inventory control, materials handling, protective packaging, order procession, transportation, warehouse site selection, and warehousing. Physical distribution is part of a larger process called "distribution," which includes wholesale and retail marketing, as well the physical movement of products. Physical distribution activities have recently received increasing attention from business managers, including small business owners. This is due in large part to the fact that these functions often represent almost half of the total marketing costs of a product. In fact, research studies indicate that physical distribution costs nationally amount to approximately 20 percent of the country's total gross national product (GNP). These findings have led many small businesses to expand their cost-cutting efforts beyond their historical focus on production...
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...electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport Markus Hesse * Department of Earth Sciences, Geographic Sciences and Urban Research, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany Accepted 24 June 2002 Abstract The paper considers the significance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for freight transport, logistics and physical distribution, regarding both business to business and business to consumer commerce. The possible implications of e-commerce are analysed in the broader context of structural change, going beyond narrow assessments that overstate the significance of e-commerce and its potential to make freight traffic more efficient. The main argument of the paper is threefold: first, most recent analyses of freight transport and logistics implications of e-commerce are overstating the current relevance of e-commerce applications on the one hand, and neglecting the influence of the underlying structural change in the entire logistics system on the other. Second, conventional analyses of certain efficiency benefits of ecommerce are probably too optimistic, whereas its negative effects are underestimated at the same time. E-commerce is likely to support longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies, increasing demand for land, due to the establishment of new transhipment points (distribution centres) and, to a certain extent, a shift towards truck and air freight transport modes. Third, e-commerce and IT are interrelated...
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...Mitigation potential of climate-optimal trajectory planning in the North Atlantic Flight corridor Sigrun Matthes1 , Volker Grewe2, Christine Frömming2, Sabine Brinkop2, DLR German Aerospace Center, 82334 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Thierry Champougny3 EUROCONTROL, 1130 Brussels, Belgium Amund O. Sovde4 CICERO, 0349 Oslo, Norway and Emma Irvine5 University of Reading, UK Mitigation of aviation climate impact is one strategic goal spelled out for a durable development of air traffic. Operational measures to identify climate-optimal aircraft trajectories by air traffic management (ATM) are one option to reduce climate impact. We present results from a comprehensive approach for climate-optimized flight planning applied for a case study the North Atlantic Flight corridor (NAFC) performed within the collaborative project REACT4C (Reducing Emissions from Aviation by Changing Trajectories for the benefit of Climate) funded under the European FP7 programme. Ultimate goal was to identify maximum mitigation gain (in climate impact) for a specific investment, hence minimal marginal mitigation costs. For this purpose consecutively those flights trajectories options are selected which offer the highest mitigation potential taking into account five archetypical weather patterns in NAFC, and traffic samples in eastbound and westbound both direction. Using a concept of 4-dimensional climate cost functions integrated into a simulation system for operational planning...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Issues The meaning of Open Sky in the ASEAN must be determined. For the purposes of this Report, it is taken to refer to a situation of extensive liberalisation within the ASEAN region. It concentrates on the international links between members of ASEAN, and is not so concerned with domestic cabotage. The report does not focus on beyond rights, or on 5th freedom operations of non-ASEAN airlines within the region, though it recognises that these can have an impact on Open Sky arrangements. The rationale for Open Sky is taken to be to promote competition in the airline industry, and to give all airlines from ASEAN the scope to compete on intra ASEAN routes. Open Sky will also give airlines extra flexibility over their route development. Issues which need to be considered include: How well Open Sky will work in ASEAN? Will markets be competitive enough? Will there be shifts in hub location? Will anti competitive strategies affect operation? And will there be instability in the industry? 2. Experience of Open Skies Elsewhere There are many Open Skies bilateral agreements, and a few regional agreements. Few regional Open Skies agreements have led to substantial liberalisation or integration. The exception is Europe - Open Skies in Europe has meant the formation of a single aviation market. Significantly, this arrangement did not come about as a result of countries negotiating an open skies agreement - rather it was imposed on them by a central...
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...Ka Yan Chan Aviation Policy and Research Center, Department of Decision Sciences and Managerial Economics The Chinese University of Hong Kong © Content Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Objectives of the Study Background Objectives Research Framework 1 1 2 4 5 5 6 10 10 11 16 18 18 21 22 27 27 29 30 32 32 34 35 35 40 44 46 48 48 49 50 51 54 56 62 Chapter 2 Regional Airports’ Development and Expansion 2.1 Asian Aviation Hubs 2.2 Mainland Major Airports Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Regional Demand Forecast for Aviation Services Rapid Growth in Asia-Pacific’s Air Transport The Increasing Importance of China’s Aviation Market Hong Kong’s Aviation Development under Mainland’s Rapid Growth Chapter 4 Capacity Issues and Enhancement Measures for HKIA 4.1 The Capacity of the Hong Kong International Airport 4.2 Runway Capacity Enhancement Measures 4.2.1 Aircraft Types Trends and its effects to Runway Capacity 4.3 Possible Measures 4.3.1 Air Transport Management Approach 4.3.2 Enhanced ATC & Aircraft Equipment, Technology, Procedures and Manpower 4.3.3 Expansion of Auxiliary Airside Facilities 4.3.4 Peak Spreading 4.3.5 Aircraft Size Restrictions 4.4 Conclusions Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Selected Case Studies for Building New Runways London Heathrow Airport third Runway Manchester International Airport Second Runway Tokyo Narita International Airport Second Runway Conclusion Chapter 6 Supply of and Demand for HKIA Services 6.1 The Estimated Future Traffic Demand for HKIA 6.2 Possible Capacity...
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...Introduction: The Indian Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of India. They consist of the Army, Navy and Air Force, supported by Paramilitary forces[4] (Assam Rifles, Indian Coast Guard and Special Frontier Force) and various inter-service institutions such as the Strategic Forces Command. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The Indian Armed Forces are under the management of theMinistry of Defence (MoD), which is led by the Union Cabinet Minister of Defense. As of 2010, the Indian Armed Forces have a combined strength of 1.32 million active personnel and 1.15 million reserve personnel. In addition there are 2.28 million paramilitary personnel making it one of the world's largest military forces in terms of personnel. The Indian defense budget was US$41 billion during FY2012, at about 1.9% of GDP, with additional spending on infrastructure in border areas and for paramilitary organizations. The Indian armed forces are undergoing rapid modernization, with investments in such areas as a missile defense system and a nuclear triad. India's arsenal includes nuclear weapons with a triad of delivery mechanisms. In 2010, India was the world's leading arms importeraccounting for 9% of global imports and ranked among the top ten in arms export. Israel, Russia and the United States are the primary suppliers to India's armed forces. The country’s capital expenditure for defense equipment may reach US$112 billion between 2010...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction A Continental Connection Air line Bombardier dash 8 Q400 twin-engine turboprop was involved in an accident on February 12, 2009 while flying between Newark International airport and Buffalo Niagara International Airport. The tragedy claimed the lives of the four crew members, all forty-five passengers, and one individual on the ground. The flight operated by Colgan Air Inc. took on a lot of pressure from the public which helped in the development of The Airline Safety and Pilot Training Improvement Act of 2009.On August 1, 2010 President Barack Obama signed the Airline Safety and FAA Extension Act of 2010. The significance of the proposed requirement was that the ATP required 1,500 hours of total flight time and that the holder of an ATP be at least 23 years of age. Within three years of the passage of the bill The Air Transport pilot certificate (ATP) required for both the captain and the first pilot officer positions be within the three years required by federal Aviation Regulation part 121.The significance of this proposed requirement will play have an important impact on airline hiring practices and all flight training including collegiate training. Many rules and regulations were included in the Extension Act of 2010, such as a Pilots Records Database to provide airlines with fast, electronic access to a pilot's comprehensive record. Information in the database will include: pilot licenses, aircraft ratings, check rides, notices of disapproval,...
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