...Travis S. Chaffin Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Accident Case Number: ERAU-330RL Aircraft Type: 1980 PA-31-310 Tail Number: N517RL Aircraft hours: 15,000 + Crew: 1 pilot Passengers: 4 Fatalities: 5 History of flight On November 7 2010, Zonk Air Charters flight 330 L was set to depart Lake Tahoe Airport (KTVL), on a sunset photographic flight. The aircraft was supposed to fly within 20 miles of the airport with a return to the same airport, or with the option to continue to Burbank California. At dusk, the pilot and passengers load the aircraft and departed the airport. The flight departed under visual flight rules and visual meteorological conditions. The weather was reported at 2 miles in lowering clouds and 900 feet overcast and deteriorating. After takeoff, the aircraft rotated and entered the lowering mist. Approximately 5 miles past the end of the runway, the aircraft was seen exiting the clouds in a steep left rolling bank, trailing smoke. On scene actions Upon arrival at the accident scene, a preliminary visual inspection was done. Following the preliminary inspection, specific areas of responsibility were delegated to the rest of the investigating party. On Scene Observations The aircraft first struck the top of a 100 foot communication tower. After the initial impact with the tower, the aircraft began a roll to the left and impacted the ground 400 feet from the base of the tower. This was determined by the discovery...
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...The Rise of Air Transport and its impact on the Environment [pic] Table of Content 1 Abstract 3 2 Introduction 3 3 HISTORY OF THE WORLD AIR transport 3 3.1 How it all began 3 3.2 ICAO and IATA-history and reality 4 4 Air Transportation and the Environment 5 4.1 Demand for Air Transport 5 4.2 Environmental Impact of Aviation 7 4.3 CO2 emissions per passenger kilometer 7 4.4 Aircraft Water Emission 9 4.5 Nitrogen Oxides 9 4.6 Impact of Aviation on Biodiversity 10 4.7 Noise Emissions and its impact on humans as well as biodiversity 11 5 Cost of Aviation on certain examples 11 5.1 Aviation Cost for exotic flowers 11 5.2 The Berlin Airport Fiasco 12 6 Historical Trends in Aircraft Transport 13 7 Conclusion 14 8 Table of Figures 15 9 Sources 15 1 Abstract The following Assignment has the topic of showing the history of aviation and within this showing the environmental impact of aviation. Due to this the history is shown and in addition different types of problems connected to aviation such as carbon oxide and greenhouse gases are explained. At last there is an introduction in data’s showing aviation in its beginning as a mass transport and now. 2 Introduction Transportation - one of the most important sectors of the economy, performing the function of a kind of circulatory system in a...
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...New aircraft technologies We have become accustomed to the "standard" airliner of the early 21st Century. It has a familiar form and most of them have the family characteristics of large twin engines, a cylindrical fuselage, a lower freight bay and upper passenger compartment, swept back wings and a tricycle undercarriage. Some argue that this form is the conclusion of evolution and that it simple demonstrates the limiting form of the idea. Others take the view that any form is only the product of the circumstances that produced it and if these change the evolutionary form will change and can be changed. The ideas presented here follow this path. Prompted by the pressures for environmental sensitivity some ideas focus on ways to make dramatic, or at least important, savings in the amount of fuel used by the world’s airliners. Previously dismissed contributions to economy of fossil fuel lie behind the thinking of several new technological concepts. 1. The glider-like airliner Gliders has very high aspect ratio wings. These low drag wings allow them to sustain altitude in the lightest of upward thermals (about 1 fpm) and thereby to carry out long distance flight on no fuel at all. Their glide ratio is extremely shallow – in the order of 1 in 55 compared with a typical airliner of 1 in 15 (B747). Powered gliders are somewhere between a conventional a/c and a glider. Their small engines can be used to gain or to sustain altitude and the consumption of fuel is still only...
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...A I R R U T T E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L AIRCRAFT MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL A I R R U T T E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L 4310 Donald Douglas Dr. Long Beach, CA 90808 s Phone: 562-425-8880 s eFax: 562-683-0382 s Email: info@arijets.com s www.arijets.com “Making your corporate aircraft ownership experience a smooth flight.” P R O P O S A L Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Air Rutter International Management Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 N S M A N A G E M E N T T A I R C R A F T Aircraft Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 s Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 s Scheduling and Dispatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 C O T s Crew Services and Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 N E s Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 s Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 s Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 s Aircraft Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 s Additional Professional...
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...transportation industry. Now, it has established its name as one of the industry leaders when it comes to manufacturing of planes and trains. Statement of the Problem: As one of the industry leaders, how can Bombardier sustain its market holding amidst rising competition? Objective of the Problem: To be able to identify a market strategy that will help Bombardier sustain or even increase its market share in the industry. SWOT Analysis Strengths: • Knowledge, Expertise, and Adaptability to Customer Demands Bombardier knows what and how to give what its customers want. It offers the perfect ingredient which is important to any transportation business: fuel efficient with low operating costs. It gives importance to its customers’ specifications. It asks where and when its aircrafts will be used. Bombardiers offers wide array of products and services such as manufacturing commercial and corporate planes. Users of its corporate planes may be part owners when they have 50 or more flight hours. In addition, if customers occasionally need a private plane for specific trips, they may avail of Sky jet charter program. These are just few of the services Bombardier offers. With the upgrading of infrastructures in many urban countries these days, booming of rail transportation is inevitable. Bombardier used its expertise in major concerns when it comes to purchasing rail transportation products. It focused on quality, reliability, safety, and prices. With...
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...SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO. CASE STUDY 2013 1) Financial data from 2012-2008 | Revenues(b) | Net Income (b) | Load Factor | Trips flown | 2012 | $17.09 | $0.42 | 80.3% | 1,361,558 | 2011 | $15.66 | $0.18 | 80.9% | 1,317,977 | 2010 | $12.10 | $0.46 | 79.3% | 1,114,451 | 2009 | $10.35 | $ 0.099 | 76.0% | 1,125,111 | 2008 | $11.02 | $0.18 | 71.2% | 1,191,151 | 2) Blue Ocean Strategy Blue ocean strategy refers to the creation of a new, uncontested market space by a company that makes competitors irrelevant and that creates new consumer value often while decreasing costs. Southwest airlines is a very good example for using Blue Ocean Strategy as by creating a new market by offering the speed of air travel with the low cost and flexibility of driving. The three main aspect of Blue Ocean Strategy are as follows and how the Southwest Airlines applies these to its business: FOCUS: Southwest focus only on three factors: friendly services, speed and frequent point-to-point departures. They doesn’t make investment in meals, lounges and seating choice and able to price against car transportation DIVERGENCE: While the other Airlines operated through hub-and-spoke systems, Southwest Airlines doesn’t followed them instead created new rules and alternatives by choosing point-to-point travels between midsize cities. COMPELLING TAGLINE: A Good strategy has a clear cut and compelling tagline, which not only provides clear, cut message but also advertise...
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...engines than the crews were ordered to cancel their plans to evacuate personnel. Instead, they were to takeoff on a combat mission to bomb Japanese invasion forces coming ashore at Davao. Then they were to continue flying the 1500-mile return trip to Batchelor Field (Australia), as they had done on previous shuttle bombing runs. The three pilots were told to plan their own bombing attack. Ground crews began the laborious task of pumping 2,100 gallons of high octane gasoline into the fuel tanks from the only surviving refueling truck. Since the truck held only 800 gallons, three trips were needed to complete the job. The bomb bays of the three B-17s were then loaded with seven 300 lb. bombs, arranged in one half of the bomb bay. A droppable auxiliary fuel tank occupied the other half, to give the airplane the extra range required for the long overwater trip.26 Taxiing out for takeoff, one of the airplanes suffered a flat tire, had to delay departure until it could be fixed. The two remaining aircraft took off, as planned, in the early morning darkness at 4:30 am on Christmas Day, and climbed to a cruising altitude of 20,000 feet. With crews on oxygen, they...
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...the number of passengers: Food, beverages and ticket processing $26 Fuel $20 Baggage handling $10 Total $56 per passenger II. Costs that vary strictly with the number of one-way flights Landing and takeoff fees $ 5,000 Flight crew salaries $12,000 Fuel: $2,000 + $9,600 $11,600 Baggage handling $ 5,000 Maintenance $ 6,000 Total $39,600 per flight III. Costs that vary strictly with the number of aircraft Lease of aircraft $70,000 Maintenance $10,000 Total $80,000 per aircraft per week IV. Costs that vary strictly with the number of gates Gate rental $8,000 per gate per week Abstracting from the details contained in the above tabulation, Jet Green’s cost structure can be succinctly described by the following cost equation: Total cost per week of the Minneapolis/Atlanta segment = $ (56)(number of passengers flown per week) + (39,600)(number of one-way flights per week) + (80,000)(number of aircraft leased per week) + (8,000)(number of gates rented per week) You should interpret the above cost structure as follows. If the number of flights, the number of aircraft, and the number of gates is held fixed, the costs of Jet Green will increase at the rate of $56 for each additional passenger. If the number of passengers, the number of aircraft, and the number of gates is held fixed, costs will increase at the rate...
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...Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance Characteristics of High-speed Flight Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University From the beginning of the age of manned flight, aviators and engineers have continuously sought to increase the performance envelope. Many parameters for defining aircraft performance exist, but here I’d like to focus on going fast. Since I was a child I’ve been fascinated with military aircraft and the pursuit of speed. From the Bell X-1 to the famed SR-71 Blackbird and beyond, high-speed flight has been a chase toward an ever increasing limit. Several factors contribute to the aerodynamics of supersonic flight and many limitations apply as the envelope is pushed. I will focus the perspective of this paper on design characteristics, engine technology, and atmospheric considerations and take a peek into the future of hypersonic flight. In order to discuss the design characteristics of high-speed aircraft, a definition for the speed regimes must be given. Supersonic flight is typically defined as greater than Mach 1 but less than Mach 3. “High” Supersonic flight is a narrow band of operation from Mach 3 to 5 and hypersonic flight is in excess of Mach 5 (Benson, 2013). Shape technology and wing design are the primary areas of concern in setting out to build an aircraft capable of supersonic speeds. If airflow velocities reach sonic speeds at some location on an aircraft further acceleration results in the onset of...
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...marking strategies aviation companies are making to meet the needs of the growing international business and commercial aircraft market. Global business depends on global economic performance. The world is recovering from a recession. Aviation international business is beginning to have a positive outlook as individual countries’ economies once again begin to grow, especially in emerging markets where there is a projected increase in demand for aircraft. In a globalized world, international air travel at airline and corporate level aviation is assuming a positive outlook. Aviation companies such as Boeing are aggressively marketing their products to compete with Airbus in the international arena, through rigorous global marketing strategies aimed at maintaining a leadership position in commercial aircraft sales. Especially in the medium and heavy aircraft categories. Boeing marketing strategies like other actors in the aviation industry is dependent on projections and forecasts. Boeing targets existing clients/ customer and uses marketing strategies that starts with customer oriented strategy, thereafter product oriented strategy. Included in these strategies are product pricing and advertising strategies. Customer Oriented Strategy Boeing’s main strategy is to target airplane companies by researching all of the airplanes that companies currently use; aircraft routes, capacity, economy, and suitability etc. Boeing’s customers include; corporate clients, commercial airlines...
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...EWMBA 299 – Competitive Strategy Southwest Airlines Introduction The domestic US airline industry has been intensely competitive since it was deregulated in 1978. In a regulated environment, most of the cost increases were passed along to consumers under a fixed rate-of-return based pricing scheme. This allowed labor unions to acquire a lot of power and workers at the major incumbent carriers were overpaid. After deregulation, the incumbent carriers felt the most pain, and the floodgates had opened for newer more nimble carriers with lower cost structures to compete head-on with the established airlines. There were several bankruptcies followed by a wave of consolidation with the fittest carriers surviving and the rest being acquired or going out of business. Analysis of the airline industry To determine the profitability of the airline industry, we will do an industry analysis using Porter’s five-forces framework. This industry analysis will help us in understanding the size of the Potential Industry Earnings (PIE), and how much of this the different participants can extract. Rivalry among competitors There is intense rivalry among different airlines. In the pre-deregulation days, airlines competed mostly on things like service, meals and in-flight movies etc., since prices were mandated by the Civil Aeronautics Board. In the post-de-regulation era, this rivalry has taken on the form of severe price competition, with airlines ruthlessly undercutting each other...
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...ABNORMAL EVENTS All aircraft are designed to withstand the normal flight and landing loads expected during a typical flight cycle. These loads will include the normal manoeuvres the aircraft is expected to make. The designer will build in a safety factor to compensate for loads slightly larger than normal. Sometimes extreme circumstances occur which cause stresses outside the normal design limits. If the design limits are exceeded, then damage may occur to the aircraft. If it is known or suspected that the aircraft has be en subjected to excessive loads, then an inspection should be made, to ascertain the nature of any damage that may have occurred. The manufacturer will normally have anticipated the nature of some of these occurrences and detailed special checks for these µAbnormal Occurrences¶. 1.1 T YPES OF ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES The aircraft maintenance manual will normally list the types of abnormal occurrences needing special inspection. The list may vary, depending on the aircraft. The following items are a selection from a typical aircraft: y y y y y y y y y y y Lightning strikes High-intensity radiated fields penetration Heavy or overweight landing Flight through severe turbulence Burst tyre Flap or slat over-speed Flight through volcanic ash Tail strike Mercury spillage Dragged engine or e ngine seizure High-energy stop. 1.2 T YPES OF DAMAGE It is not intended to describe the types of damage applicable to every type of occurrence. It is more important...
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...Definition of pricing strategies is the element of a firm’s decision-making concerned with the setting of process that will attract the target market and allow profit objectives to be met. Ryanair’s objective is to firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passengers’ airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares services. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies. A good pricing strategies had help Ryanair to achieve the objective and aims. Ryanair’s low fares are designed to stimulate demand, particularly from fare-conscious leisure and business travelers who might otherwise have used alternative forms of transportation or would not have traveled at all. Ryanair sells seats on a one-way basis, thus eliminating minimum stay requirements from all travel on Ryanair scheduled services, regardless of fare. Ryanair sets fares on the basis of the demand for particular flights and by reference to the period remaining to the date of departure of the flight with higher fares charges on flights with higher levels of demand for bookings made nearer to the date of departure. Ryanair’s tight cost control was the backbone of its low-price strategy. As a result of this cost focus, Ryanair had by far the lowest costs in Europe, about 40% lower than its closest competitors. One of the elements of Ryanair’s cost-control...
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...LONG DURATION FIGHTER OPERATIONS WITH AIR-TO-AIR REFUELLING AND ITS AERO-MEDICAL ASPECTS INTRODUCTION 1. Air-to-Air refuelling ops are those which involve the transfer of fuel from one ac to another in flight. This extends the range, enables fighters to carry increased payload, increases the time on station and affords far greater flexibility in employment of aircraft. Air-to-Air refuelling can be used to enhance the capabilities of virtually all types of aircraft. The IAF has recently acquired air-to-air refuelling capability with the induction of IL-78 Flight Refuelling Aircraft (FRA) in its inventory. 2. The induction of the FRA would result in a considerable increase in the duration of fighter flights. Flights of fighter aircraft, which were earlier restricted to approx. 2 ½ to 3 hours, could now increase to 7 to 8 hours or even longer. Such long duration flights pose certain physiological difficulties and problems for fighter pilots of the IAF, who have so far not been exposed to such operations. Certain human frailties and physiological factors involved in these long duration fighter operations need to be understood by our fighter aircrew and they need to train to address the peculiarities arising thereof. AIM 3. The aim of this paper is to identify the aero-medical aspects involved in long duration fighter operations resulting from air-to-air refuelling and suggest remedies for the same. It would also attempt to suggest modifications on the M-2000...
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...43370 2nd individual Assignment Addressed to Bernard Faughey MSc Project Management FT I the undersigned confirm that the work submitted here is entirely my own work, and that any work of others which is included has been properly referenced and acknowledged according to normal academic guidelines. NAME: Nikhil Singh Tomer Student No. 14202643 Core concepts : Porter’s 5 forces, SWOT Analysis , Analysing the internal environment, Porter’s Value Chain, Competitive advantage within International context(cost analysis and differentiation) 1.0 Porter’s Five Forces: 1.1 Threat of new entrants There is a need of high initial investment to run an airline industry business. This high capital requirement is in the form of buying of aircrafts, staff hiring, pilot hiring, etc. Thus, the threats of new entrants for AirAsia are very low. AirAsia uses a very simple and effective strategy of selling tickets. People have to buy tickets from AirAsia’s website which they do very easily. Thus, through this process, AirAsia saves a lot of money by not being liable to pay any travel agent. This Strategy of AirAsia is hard to imitate and makes them less vulnerable to new entrants. It also provides facilities to people like they can themselves print their ticket or boarding pass and thus competitors cannot easily copy this strategy of AirAsia. AirAsia Also has very good relations with Government which a very rare capability to have. It is not easy for any new entrant into the industry...
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