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Al Tawriyat

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وهناك من ينفي وجود التورية قي الفرآن, وفريق أخر يقر وجوده ويطلقون علية الابهام ومنهم جلال الدين السيوطي وجلال الدين القزويني,

وقال القزويني:ان التورية ضربان: مجردة ومرشحة؛ أما المجردة فهي التي لا تجامع شيئاً مما يلائم المورى به أعني المعنى القريب، كقوله تعالى " الرحمن على العرش استوى " وأما المرشحة فهي التي قرن بها ما يلائم المروى به إما قبلها كقوله تعالى " والسماء بنيناها بأيد وإنا لموسعون "

nوالسيوطي قال في التورية أن يذكر لفظ له معنيان، إما بالاشتراك أوالتواطؤ أوالحقيقة والمجاز، أحدها قريب والآخر بعيد، ويقصد بالبعيد ويوري عنه بالقريب فيتوهمه السامع من أول وهلة.

قال الزمخشري: لا ترى باباً في البيان أدق ولا ألطف من التورية، ولا أنفع ولا أعون على تعاطي تأويل المتشابهات في كلام الله ورسوله. قال: ومن أمثلتها الرحمن على العرش استوى فإن الاستواء على معنيين: الاستقرار في المكان وهوالمعنى القريب المورى به الذي هوغير مقصود لتنزيهه تعالى عنه. والثاني الاستيلاء والملك وهوالمعنى البعيد المقصود الذي ورى به عنه بالقريب المذكور انتهى.
ومنها: ما يسمى مرشحة وهي التي ذكر فيها شيء من لوازم هذا أوهذا كقوله تعالى (والسماء بميناها بأيد) فإنه يحتمل الجارحة وهوالمورى به، وقد ذكر من لوازمه على جهة الترشيح البنيان ويحتمل القوة والقدرة وهوالبعيد المقصود.
ولها أربعة أنواع:
1- التورية المجرّدة: وهي التي لايذكر فيها شيء من لوازم المعنى القريب أو لوازم المعنى البعيد.
الرحمن على العرش استوى
استوى: معناها القريب ( الجلوس) وهو غير مقصود.
ومعناها البعيد( الاستيلاء والملك) وهو المقصود.

ولكن ليس في الجملة ما يشير إلى أحد المعنيين.

2- التورية المرشحة: وهي التي يذكر فيها شيء من لوازم المعنى القريب( المورّى به) قبل التورية أو بعدها:

قول الشاعر:
قول الشاعر: فلما نأت عنا العشيرة كلها أنخنا فحالفنا السيوف على الدهر

فما أسلمتنا عند يوم كريهة ولا نحن أغضينا الجفون على وتر

الجفون: يحتمل أن تكون بمعنى جفون العين ( وقد تقدمها شيء من لوازم الجفون – أغضينا- )

ولكن الشاعر قصد جفون السيوف أي ( أغمادها)

ومنه قوله تعالى: والسماء بنيناها بأيدٍ.

3- التورية المبينة: وهي التي يذكر فيها لازم المعنى البعيد ( المورّى عنه) قبل التورية أو بعدها

قول الشاعر: أرى ذنب السرحان في الأفق ساطعاً فهل ممكن أن الغزالة تطلعُ

ذنب السرحان = ذيل الذئب( معنى قريب غير مقصود)

= نجم في السماء ( معنى بعيد هو المقصود ) ومن لوازمه ( ساطعاً )

التورية الثانية في البيت: الغزالة= الحيوان المعروف ( قريب غير مقصود)

= الشمس ( وهو المعنى البعيد المقصود.

4- التورية المهيّأة: وهي التي لاتكون إلا إذا جاء قبلها لأو بعدها لفظ يهيئها للتورية , وقد يكون اللفظ المهيئ تورية فيصبح في الكلام توريتان كل منهما يهيئ للأخرى. ولولا وجود إحداهما ما حكمنا بالتورية للثانية.

منها قول عمر بن أبي ربيعة:

أيها المنكح الثريا سهيلا عمرك الله كيف يلتقيانِ

هي شاميةٌ إذا ما استقلّت وسهيلٌ إذا استقلّ يماني

هنا:

الثريا وسهيل اسما علمين معروفين , وهو المعنى المقصود.

وهما اسمان لنجمين وهو معنى قريب غير مقصود ,

وكل من التوريتين هيّأت للأخرى.

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