...Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Correlated with Age, Gender, Ethnicity, and Religion [Name of Writer] [Name of Institute] Abstract This research paper entails the correlation of alcohol abuse with age, gender, ethnicity, and religion. This paper also explains in detail the implication that can be undertaken for the substance abuse. Alcohol is one of the factors that are creating the majority of the health problems in the United States, creating negative impacts on the life of an abuser’s family and children. Alcohol abuse has direct relation to the age, gender, race and religion. Table of Content Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Discussion 4 Age 4 Gender 5 Race 6 Religion 6 Strategies for Prevention of Alcohol Abuse 7 Conclusion 7 References 8 Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Correlated with Age, Gender, Ethnicity, and Religion Introduction In the United States substance abuse is one of the most common health problem that touches life of every individual in the family, child, community, and congregation. In contrast to the popular perception, the problem of substance abuse in the United States not only results in illegal drug usage like crack cocaine, but also in the form of the recreation known as soft drinks such as marijuana, along with the usage of extra medicine use prescribed by the doctors. The influence of substance abuse and alcohol abuse on families, children, and communities are dreadful in a manner like: negligence of family, abuse...
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...individuals to embrace a healthy lifestyle, (The World Health Organisation,1986). In a bid to effectively implement the various health promotion initiative, nurses have been acknowledged to be in key position to drive this awareness. This assignment will discuss the value of health promotion with regards to the treatment of alcohol dependence as a result of depression within the framework of a bio-psychosocial model (BPS), Government policy on reducing harmful drinking, cognitive behaviour therapy and the role of the student nurses in public health promotion and dissemination of healthy lifestyle information. This assignment will be based on my practice placement experience on the trauma and orthopaedic ward. The name of patient and locality has been omitted in accordance with the confidentiality guideline of the Nursing and Midwifery Council code of conduct (2008). Tomline was admitted into the trauma and orthopaedic ward as a result of injury sustained in a car accident after excessive consumption of alcohol. A report by Alcohol Concern (2014), states that an estimated 70% of admissions to accident and emergency departments are alcohol-related. Drinking alcohol above recommended levels can have a damaging impact on almost every part of our body, and it is crucial that national and local organizations work together to address this harm. (The Mirror, 2014). Tomline was also diagnosed with Steatosis, a condition of fatty liver which adversely affects both his physical and...
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...Alcoholism Alcoholism refers to a chronic disease where your body becomes dependent on alcohol. Being an alcoholic is not limited to gender, race, or age. At any time while drinking people can form a dependence to alcohol. To fully understand the meaning of being an alcoholic, what it does to the body, and the recovery processes that follow, it is important to remember that alcoholism is an addiction and can affect anyone. The DSM IV defines alcoholism as a maladaptive pattern of alcohol use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three or more of the seven criteria, occurring at any time in the same 12-month period. Some of the major criteria are; building a tolerance to alcohol, withdrawal symptoms arise after not drinking, and it take more and more alcohol to feel the effects over time (DSM IV 1994). Now these are just the top three criteria but if a person has three out of the seven then they are considered an alcoholic even if they themselves do not want to accept that title. Some people think that it is very shameful to have a title of addict because of the negative stigma American society puts on that word. Men might feel emasculated, women might feel weak, and teens fighting this illness might be overwhelmed and confused because their peers put so much pride on being able to drink more than each other. So many phrases are becoming popular among teenagers that promote excess drinking under 21. Some of these phrases include; being...
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...The argument for smoking prevention among adolescents is based on the observation that, if smoking does not start during adolescence, it is unlikely ever to occur and on data indicating that the probability of cessation among adults is inversely related to age at initiation. Even infrequent experimental smoking in adolescence significantly increases the risk of adult smoking. Once smoking has begun, cessation is difficult and smoking is likely to be a long-term addiction. For example, it has been estimated that the median cessation age, for those born from 1975 through 1979 who begin smoking in adolescence, is 33 years for men and 37 years for women. Based on a median initiation age of 16 to 17 years, the predicted duration of smoking is 16 and 20 years for 50% of the males and females respectively. Prevention of the onset of adolescent smoking is thus an essential component of efforts to reduce the overall prevalence of smoking and its attendant morbidity and mortality. Although there are educational programmes available with demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the prevalence of adolescent smoking over the short term, the longer term evaluations are not as encouraging. The differences in smoking levels between treated and control groups appear to dissipate over time, and disappear completely after six years. Further evaluations of these educational efforts are warranted, with consideration given to methodological problems inherent in such studies (such as potential bias resulting...
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...Case Study of Betty Ford Substances like alcohol are used for many reasons. Alcohol is frequently used as a means of celebration, and also to assist in diminishing feelings of being anxious or overwhelmed. Some people use alcohol in social settings, whereas other people may drink alone. The use of alcohol to self-medicate when challenges come up in everyday life can cause significant problems. In many instances a person can become totally dependent on alcohol so that he or she can function appropriately. If a person builds a tolerance to alcohol, he or she will most likely need to drink every day as well as consuming larger amounts in order to achieve the same feeling. One of the most prominent and well-known instances of alcoholism and substance abuse is Betty Ford. Betty Ford was married to President Gerald R. Ford and was thought to be one of the most powerful first ladies in our history. Betty Ford’s achievements include her sponsorships of breast cancer awareness and women’s rights (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Even though Betty Ford was acknowledged and respected for these achievements, she turn out to be an even greater inspiration in society when she admitted to and overcame her lifetime battles with prescription drugs and alcohol. Betty Ford was raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan and was the only daughter and youngest of three children (The National First Ladies’ Library, 2012). Even though Betty had a pleasant and positive childhood, her mother was considered...
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...Czech Republic Total population: 10 554 000 ➤ Population aged 15 years and older (15+): 86% ➤ Population in urban areas: 74% ➤ Income group (World Bank): High income ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: LEVELS AND PATTERNS Recorded alcohol per capita (15+) consumption, 1961–2010 Recorded alcohol per capita (15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) by type of alcoholic beverage, 2010 Data refer to litres of pure alcohol per capita (15+). Litres of pure alcohol 20 n n n n n 15 10 Beer Wine Spirits Other All 26% SPIRITS 5 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 54% 20% 2010 BEER WINE Year Alcohol per capita (15+) consumption (in litres of pure alcohol) Average 2003–2005 Average 2008–2010 Change Recorded 11.8 11.8 Unrecorded 1.5 1.2 Total 13.3 ➙ ➘ ➙ 13.0 Total males / females WHO European Region 18.6 11.9 Total alcohol per capita (15+) consumption, drinkers only (in litres of pure alcohol), 2010 Males (15+) 20.2 Females (15+) 9.0 Both sexes (15+) 14.6 7.8 10.9 Abstainers (%), 2010 Males Females Both sexes Lifetime abstainers (15+) Prevalence of heavy episodic drinking* (%), 2010 Population Drinkers only Males (15+) 53.5 58.4 Females (15+) 24.9 28.8 Both sexes (15+) 38.9 43.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 Former drinkers* (15+) 5.8 10.8 8.4 Abstainers (15+), past 12...
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...There are several reasons why and what substances like alcohol is used for. Some use it to commemorate a special occasion or a special moment. Some individuals may use it to relieve themselves when they are feeling weighed down. Individuals tend to use alcohol in different situations. They could drink while alone, around others, or in a social environment. When an individual faces everyday challenges in their daily life it could cause alcohol use to become a problem. A person will tend to become dependent on alcohol when having increasing issues with their emotional and physical health. Betty Ford is a case of substance abuse and alcoholism that became a famous case. Throughout this essay I will discuss Betty Ford and her issues with substance abuse and alcoholism. I will also analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of the disorder from substance abuse. Client Description Current Description Betty Ford grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan as the youngest of three children and the only daughter to father, William Bloomer, and mother, Hortense Neahr (The National First Ladies’ Library, 2012). Although Betty’s experiences growing up were both positive and pleasant, her mother was a perfectionist who had exceptionally high expectations for her children, and her father was a traveling salesman who very rarely spent time at home. When Betty was 16 years of age her father passed away. Because her father rarely spent time at home, it wasn’t until...
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...about 20 percent of the alcohol is absorbed in the stomach and about 80 percent is absorbed in the small intestine. How fast the alcohol is absorbed depends upon several things: • The concentration of alcohol in the beverage - The greater the concentration, the faster the absorption. • The type of drink - Carbonated beverages tend to speed up the absorption of alcohol. • Whether the stomach is full or empty - Food slows down alcohol absorption. After absorption, the alcohol enters the bloodstream and dissolves in the water of the blood. The blood carries the alcohol throughout the body. The alcohol from the blood then enters and dissolves in the water inside each tissue of the body (except fat tissue, as alcohol cannot dissolve in fat). Once inside the tissues, alcohol exerts its effects on the body. The observed effects depend directly on the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), which is related to the amount of alcohol consumed. The BAC can rise significantly within 20 minutes after having a drink • The increased activity in the liver causes cell death and hardening of the tissue (cirrhosis of the liver). • The brain cells in various centers die, thereby reducing the total brain mass. • Stomach and intestinal ulcers can form because the constant alcohol use irritates and degrades the linings of these organs. • Blood pressure increases as the heart compensates for the initially reduced blood pressure caused by alcohol. • Male sex-cell (sperm)...
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...us to understand (1) why different people react differently to the same drugs, (2) how people can modify these reactions through their own efforts, and (3) how people's relationships with their environments determine drug reactions rather than vice versa. Social-learning theorists have been especially active in alcoholism, where they have analyzed how alcoholics' expectations and beliefs about what alcohol will do for them influence the rewards and behaviors associated with drinking (Marlatt 1978; Wilson 1981). Yet it has also been social-learning theorists who have launched the alcohol-dependence syndrome and who seem to feel subjective interpretation is far less important than the pharmacological effects of alcohol in causing drinking problems (Hodgson et al. 1978, 1979). This lacuna in their theorizing is most noticeable in the inability of modem social-learning theorists to make sense out of cultural variations in drinking styles and experiences (Shaw 1979). Whereas McClelland et al. (1972) offered an experiential bridge between individual and cultural conceptions about alcohol (see chapter 5), behaviorists have regularly rejected this kind of synthesis in favor of direct observations and objective measurements of alcoholic...
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...Alcohol is a sedative hypnotic. It is a powerful drug available to virtually anyone who wants to try it. Buzzed: The straight facts about the most used and abused drugs from alcohol to ecstasy describes the effects of alcohol on the body: About 20 percent of alcohol is absorbed through stomach, and most of the rest is absorbed through the small intestine. Alcohol molecules are carried through the bloodstream and come into contact with the cells of virtually all the organs. When someone drinks on an empty stomach, the blood absorbs the alcohol rapidly. The body also absorbs higher concentrations of alcohol, such as mixed drinks or shots, very quickly Ethanol Dose (oz/hour) Ethanol Dose (mg/100ml) Function Impaired Physical State 1-4 up to 100 Judgment, fine motor coordination, reaction time Happy, talkative, boastful 4-12 100-300 Motor coordination, reflexes Staggering gait, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting 12-16 300-400 Voluntary responses to stimulation Hypothermia, hyperthermia, anesthesia 16-24 400-600 Sensation, movement, self-protective reflexes Comatose 24-30 600-900 Breathing, heart function Dead After drinking, people usually feel pleasure and become talkative at first. The feelings are usually replaced by drowsiness as the alcohol is eliminated from body, and the drinker may become withdrawn. This pattern often encourages people to drink more to keep the buzz going. Immediate medical attention is necessary if a person becomes unconscious, is impossible...
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...The Mediating Affect of CRF Within the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Rats 1.Summarize the background of the article, and how does it relate to the general article. Alcohol consumption is characterized by excessive consumption which leads to feelings of increased anxiety and other negative emotional states.Consequently, these emotions lead to further consumption.Similar to human alcoholics, ethanol- dependent animals show signs of anxiety like behaviors and self administrate ethanol during periods of withdrawal. CRF, also known as corticotropin releasing factor helps mediate the increased anxiety during withdrawal.Additionally,regions of the amygdala are comprised of the CRF system, although unknown where the specific sites are responsible for the CRF component of excessive drinking. Also, numerous studies have shown that the amygdala is involved in “mediating the behavioral and physiological responses associated with anxiety.” This relates to the general article which focuses on the consumption of drug and alcohol, triggering feelings of anxiety which can be quieted by consuming more of it.Specifically, the amygdala is the part of the brain where the feelings of anxiety are triggered. Moreover, new research is showing alcohol's involvement in the transformation of the chemical architecture of the brain, allowing the brain's stress response to contribute to its dependency. CRF, also known as the corticotrophin releasing factor, is a chemical that is involved in the brain's...
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...drinking alcohol could seem to be a part of a fun night. Some individuals may struggle with the addiction of alcohol. Alcoholism can affect relationships, one’s career, and other things that can make one’s life fulfilling. One that is addicted to alcohol may be afraid to get help because of the stigma that has been associated to the admitting that he or she is addicted to alcohol. In order for one to learn about alcohol, one should learn about the history of addiction, the DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of an alcoholism, and how the addiction affects all aspects of one’s life. Impact of History upon Addiction Theory and Treatment Alcohol has been a part of history for a long period of time. From...
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...American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, expectant women should not drink any form of alcohol. Pregnant women who think they have consumed any type of alcohol should be aware of the serious and negative effects of alcohol on the development of the baby (fetus). In the United States, prenatal exposure to alcohol is the most common cause of birth defects. Exposure to alcohol during pregnancy causes damage to the brain and affects the child's behavior; these effects can completely be prevented (Hawkins, Catallano, & Miller, 2011). When an expectant mother drinks alcohol, it goes through the placenta to the fetus via the bloodstream. The fetus’ liver is not yet fully formed, so it cannot metabolize the alcohol quickly enough. At this stage, the baby (fetus) has a high blood alcohol concentration. It therefore is deficient of oxygen and the nutrients needed for its brain and organs to grow properly. White matter in the brain, which is responsible for speeding up the processing of information, is sensitive to alcohol affecting it when the mother drinks while pregnant. Timing is one more medical factor in the development of fetal alcohol syndrome. A baby’s facial features are formed during weeks six to nine of pregnancy. Scientific evidence shows that mothers who drink during this three-week window are more likely to have babies with the facial deformities associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. Damage to the baby’s organs through drinking is most likely to happen in the first...
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..."There are no recorded cases of overdose fatalities attributed to cannabis, and the estimated lethal dose for humans extrapolated from animal studies is so high that it cannot be achieved," stated in a 1995 report prepared by the World Health Organization. (Medical Marijuana Mall USA, 2013). Medical marijuana is safer than prescription drugs, alcohol, and spice. Marijuana is more beneficial to use than prescription drugs because of the lack of serious side effects. The most common side effects of marijuana are coughing, wheezing, and bronchitis. These side effects are easily taken care of by using a vaporizer or preparing foods with marijuana. Marijuana is less dependable than prescription medication such as pain killers. Prescription medications are now killing more people in the United States than illegal street drugs. Even more importantly the consumption of marijuana cannot result in a fatal overdose. (Medical Marijuana Mall USA, 2013). Someone can’t even take a Tylenol or Aspirin without there being serious side effects to the liver and other organs in the body. Medical marijuana is not lethal, prescription and even non-prescription pills, powders, liquids, and injections are. (Medical Marijuana Project, 2012). A CBS news editorial by Dr. Mitch Earleywine mentions that medical marijuana can be marked cheaper to use than certain prescription drugs. This is especially relevant to patients in chronic pain who do not have medical insurance and need to pay out of...
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...helping motivation for change in client with alcohol dependence. For clarity purpose, key terms like MI and alcohol dependence shall be defined. The evidence of effectiveness of MI as a psychosocial intervention for alcohol dependence and policies underpinning the use as well as the strengths and weaknesses and ethical issues. This work will evaluate nurse’s role in providing care and treatment including health education and promotion by helping patients/client’s motivation for change. Through reflection on practise, the writer’s clinical placement practise experiences of working with alcohol dependent clients in the community shall be use for illustration. Name and place will not be mentioned due to patient’s confidentiality (NMC, 2008). In conclusion, recommendations will be made to improve practice. The aim of this work is to critically evaluate the effectiveness of MI as a psychosocial intervention in alcohol dependence. The rational and motivation for choosing to explore this topic is because of a particular interest in substance misuse nursing and experiences from using MI in the care and treatment of alcohol dependent clients. Alcohol dependence represents a major burden to the National Health Service (NHS) and the wider health and social care systems (alcohol concern, 2009, Cabinet Office, 2003). The Department of Health (2004) estimates that nationally, six percent of men and two percent of women can be classified as alcohol dependent. It is estimated that between 15...
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