...Alcohol is a compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which can be combined together in many different ways. There are many different kinds of alcohol, the commonest being called ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is present in varying amounts in beers and wines, and in distilled liquors such as whiskey, gin, and rum. Alcohol consumption touches many million people around the world. The use of alcohol depends on an individual’s social, cultural, or religious background. One of the earliest mentions of wine making is from an Egyptian papyrus dated 3,500 BC. However, alcohol drinking is thought to go back almost as far as the human race does. Alcohol has been central to social, religious and personal use all over the world throughout history. When an individual consumes alcohol there are both short term and long term effects. The most immediate effect of alcohol consumption is change of mood. Even though alcohol is makes you feel excitement, happiness and relaxation it is in fact a depressant. Alcohol in the bloodstream causes impairment of motor co-ordination and slows down central nervous system activity, which gives the impression of clumsiness and can lead to alcohol related accidents. The more intoxicated a person has slurred speech, blurred vision and the loss of balance. Furthermore it switches off the part of the brain that controls judgment which can result in greater risk taking. However drinking in very large quantities can damage vital bodily functions...
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...illness and compulsive behavior resulting from alcohol dependency. Alcoholism can affect a person physically and mentally. Alcoholism causes many physical consequences that are well known and easy to recognize. The psychological consequences are the ones people rarely talk about, they are hard to recognize, and most people do not even know about them; however, the psychological symptoms are the ones that lead alcoholics to keep drinking without realizing problems are being caused. These effects of alcohol allow people to continue to drink in order to self-medicate their symptoms, and vary depending on the person. The most common psychological effects that people undergo are depression, dysthymia, anxiety, personality changes, compulsive behavior, denial, and co-occurring disorders (“Mental”). Depression refers to a serious medical illness that affects one’s thoughts, feelings, behavior, mood and physical health. Depression is a life-long condition in which periods of wellness alternate with recurrences of illness. Depression can lead to feelings of sadness, poor concentration, lack of sleep (insomnia), fatigue, appetite disturbances, excessive guilt, and thoughts of suicide. These symptoms tend to increase over time. Five – eight percent of adults are affected by depression each year in the U.S, which means 25 million Americans will experience major depression just this year alone (“What”). Some people feel that drinking alcohol will just “drown your sorrows” or in other words...
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...DESK RESEARCH TO EXAMINE THE INFLUENCE OF MARKETING AND ADVERTISING BY THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY ON YOUNG PEOPLE’S ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION Research prepared for the World Health Organization by the Centre for Social Marketing at the University of Strathclyde Emma Cooke, Gerard Hastings and Susan Anderson March 2002 Acknowledgements For acquisition and translation of international data: Jill Bain, Marina Biniari, Liliana Carcamo and Ingrid Kajzer. For comments on the final draft: Anne Marie MacKintosh For administrative support: Kathryn Angus and Aileen Paton. CONTENTS Page No 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY 4 4.0 RESULTS 7 4.1 Advertising 7 4.1.1 Econometric Studies 7 4.1.2 Consumer Studies 11 4.2 Other Forms of Marketing 15 4.3 Developing and Transitional Countries 21 REFERENCES 25 1.0 INTRODUCTION At the World Health Organization Ministerial Conference on Young People and Alcohol in Stockholm (February 2001) considerable concern was expressed about the nature and pervasiveness of advertising and marketing by the alcohol industry. Explicit examples were shown of alcohol promotion exploiting the themes of sexual, sporting and lifestyle success, often in direct violation of advertising codes. Furthermore, many of the advertising examples displayed images of excessive consumption. In addition, the Conference noted...
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...A class is chemical compounds, all if which consists of chemically bonded atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen all alcohol molecules contain at least one hydroxyl group. When people say alcohol they usually think of beer, wine, or liquor, but there are several types of alcohol. An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethyl alcohol. They are mostly made of grains or from grapes or other fruits. There are two main groups fermented and distilled drinks. Fermented drinks contain from five percent to twenty percent ethyl alcohol. Distilled contains twelve percent to fifty-five percent or more ethyl alcohol. The consumption of beverages containing alcohol has been practiced in all parts of the world for thousands of years. The first alcoholic beverages were fermented. Scenes showing fermentation appear on pottery made in Mesopotamia as early as 4200 B.C. Mankind early discovered that drinking the fermented juices of certain fruits, berries, and grain produced an extremely pleasant effect. Among primitive peoples, alcoholic drinks increased the excitement of tribal festivals. In more civilized nations, beers and wines in the daily diet were believed beneficial to health. During the 1800’s, a movement began in the United States to prohibit the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. A constitutional amendment banning the beverages went into effect in 1920, but thousands of Americans defied the prohibition law. In 1930, the federal government estimated that about 800 million...
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...Alcohol is a compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which can be combined together in many different ways. There are many different kinds of alcohol, the commonest being called ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is present in varying amounts in beers and wines, and in distilled liquors such as whiskey, gin, and rum. Alcohol consumption touches many million people around the world. The use of alcohol depends on an individual’s social, cultural, or religious background. One of the earliest mentions of wine making is from an Egyptian papyrus dated 3,500 BC. However, alcohol drinking is thought to go back almost as far as the human race does. Alcohol has been central to social, religious and personal use all over the world throughout history. When an individual consumes alcohol there are both short term and long term effects. The most immediate effect of alcohol consumption is change of mood. Even though alcohol is makes you feel excitement, happiness and relaxation it is in fact a depressant. Alcohol in the bloodstream causes impairment of motor co-ordination and slows down central nervous system activity, which gives the impression of clumsiness and can lead to alcohol related accidents. The more intoxicated a person has slurred speech, blurred vision and the loss of balance. Furthermore it switches off the part of the brain that controls judgment which can result in greater risk taking. However drinking in very large quantities can damage vital bodily functions...
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...Angelone, D. J., Mitchell, D. & Pilafova, A. (2007) Club drug use and intentionality in perceptions of rape victims. Sex Roles, 57, 283-292. This exploratory study investigated the influence of GHB use versus alcohol and intentionality on observer's feelings toward the victim and the perpetrator in a male-female rape scenario. The sample in this study consisted of 198 undergraduate students from a Northeastern college; the sample contained 130 females and was almost 80% Caucasian. The participants ranged in age from 18-48 but the mean was 19. Participants read one of four vignettes where a college female had attended a party and had ingested GHB or Everclear, a type of grain alcohol. In the different vignettes the female either ingested the substance voluntarily or was "slipped" the drug by a male, the vignette continued when the female became sleepy and the male brought her into his room and had sex with her, the victim attempted to verbally resist but felt too groggy to physically resist (Angelone, 2007, 286). The victim then reported the rape to police in the morning; the perpetrator claimed the sex was consensual. After the vignette participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire asking about victim and perpetrator culpability, victim pleasure, victim trauma, perpetrator guilt, and the likelihood the perpetrator will be found guilty (Angelone, 2007, 286). Overall the respondents found that the perpetrator was responsible for the crime, whether or not the victim chose...
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...According to Alcohol Concern (2013), rapidly developing of media with the increasing of technology have significantly influenced on an approach of marketing. Alcohol marketing have different strategies to promote their products. One of these strategies is harnessing the contemporary media such as internet and television as well as social network like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube to promote by advertising. In United Kingdom, approximately £800 million annually have spent on promotion of alcohol by factories (Alcohol Concern 2013). There is growing concern that this strategy might raise the impact of alcohol marketing on young people and a recent research have provided evidence that social networks as YouTube, Twitter and Facebook are widely utilized by young people and children and that such sites are utilized for promotion by alcohol firm (Winpenny et al, 2013). Studies have indicated that underage drinking is more exposed to advertising of alcohol than grown-up (Patil et al, 2014). It seems that there are many complex factors that affect alcohol consumption by youth. Nevertheless, the most important factor is advertising . This essay will examine the problems of alcohol advertising on adolescents and analyses some possible solutions. It will then evaluate the solution given in order to tackle this issue. Advertising creates favorable climate towards drinking alcohol(Gunter et al, 2010). As Saffer point out (2002) that the role played by alcohol advertising can lead to positive...
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...Introduction Alcohol is a social drink used by many people in the globally. It has existed in the world for a long time since time immemorial. Alcohol consumption is as enjoyable as the consumption of any other drink as long as it is used in the right manner and quantity. However, it becomes a problem when people become addicted to it. Alcohol addiction is the condition in which a person gets to after excessive use of alcohol that makes him or her depend on it for survival. A person who is addicted finds it hard surviving without alcohol for a considerable amount of time. The person has to be tipsy for the better part of the day. When alcoholism becomes addictive, it becomes a social problem (Mooney, Knox and Schacht, 37). This paper explores alcohol addiction as a problem that I have experienced Discussion Alcoholism has become a serious problem in my community. When one considers alcohol addiction as his own problem, then the person is terribly wrong because it is not. Alcohol addiction does not affect an individual alone but affects other people related to or those who associate with the individual in one way or the other. Basically, it affects the entire community. This is when alcohol consumption becomes a social problem in nature. Many people have become addicted to alcohol in my community as a consequence of joblessness, family frustrations and rise in immorality. The youths are the most afflicted. Most of them have sought refuge in alcohol. They drink alcohol during their...
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...Alcohol is a very serious and dangerous drug, although it is not treated this way anymore. College students have taken drinking to a new level in which, for many, is very scary. Alcohol is much more dangerous than many would think. Kids see a night of drinking as a great way to have fun and party but do not see the consequences. Getting drunk and even blacking out can lead to many problems. When alcohol is consumed in unhealthy amounts it can lead to not only short-term effects, but long term ones as well. Many people could tell you what alcohol will do to you. Blurred vision, memory loss, slurred speech, difficulty walking, and slow reaction times are all very common side effects depending on how much one consumes (“Alcohol Alert”). To most there is really nothing wrong with this. Party all night, have a good time, find somewhere to sleep, pass out, and wake up in the morning. A couple of Advil and a glass of water and you’re good to go, no harm done. This is where many are wrong. These effects are not just short term, they all add up in the long run. “Some of these impairments are detectable after only one or two drinks and quickly resolve when drinking stops. On the other hand, a person who drinks heavily over a long period of time may have brain deficits that persist well after he or she achieves sobriety” (“Alcohol Alert”). Ethyl alcohol or ethanol, or most often known as simply alcohol can come in the form of beer, wine, or liquor....
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...Every year alcohol is responsible for 1/2 of all murders, accidental deaths, and suicides; 1/3 of all drowning, boating, and aviation deaths; 1/2 of all crimes; and almost 1/2 of all fatal automobile accidents (Overview 1). Alcohol is a potent nonprescription drug sold to anyone over the national legal drinking age, 21. Unlike carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which can be manufactured by the body, alcohol is a substance that is not made within the body. It is a food, because it supplies a concentrated number of calories, but is not nourishing and does not supply a significant amount of needed nutrients, vitamins, or minerals. These are empty calories that result in an unattractive “beer belly.” Most foods are prepared for digestion by the stomach so that their nutrients can be absorbed by the large intestine. However, 95% of alcohol is absorbed directly through the stomach walls or the walls of the duodenum (part of the small intestine nearest the stomach)and small intestine (Overview 2). Various factors effect the speed of alcohol’s absorption into the body. - Watery drinks such as beer is absorbed more slowly. - Foods (especially fatty foods) delay absorption - Carbonated beverages speed up the emptying of the stomach into the small intestine where alcohol is absorbed more quickly. - The drinker’s physical and emotional state (fatigue, stress), and individual body chemistry affect absorption. - Gender: Women have less dehydrogenates (a chemical that breaks down alcohol in the...
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...Title : Alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse is alcoholism which is often consuming large amount of alcohol beverages despite negative consequences by the alcoholics. Alcohol abuse is mainly due to the ready availability of alcohol and the price of alcohol drinking is cheap which many people can afford to purchase it. Alcohol abuse can cause alcohol abuse, brain damage and damage the heart and lead to high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and stroke. Social ill are the causes of alcohol abuse. Adolescent will feel despair and helpless when they have diagnose illness which do not have cure. This let adolescent to consume enormous amount of alcohols to escape from facing the real life. Besides that, adolescent will take large amount of alcohol to forget about the indirect of family violence that happened due to broken family. Drinking alcohol will let teenager to temporary forget the problem they faced in life. Alcohol abuse will lead to brain damage. If adolescent consuming huge amount of alcohol for period of time can, it can impair brain development. Adolescent will exhibits cognitive effect in brain such as learning impairment and memory dysfunction. Moreover, they will be in an unconscious state after drinking the alcohols drink. In addition, large amounts consume of alcohols can damage the heart and lead to high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and stroke. Consume large amount of alcohol will puts more fats into the circulation of alcoholic body. This will...
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...lead are poisonous and potentially deadly. Although methanol is not produced in toxic amounts by fermentation of sugars from grain starches,contamination is still possible by unscrupulous distillers using cheap methanol to increase the apparent strength of the product. Moonshine can be made both more palatable and less damaging by discarding the "foreshot"—the first few ounces of alcohol that drip from the condenser. The foreshot contains most of the methanol, if any, from the mash because methanol vaporizes at a lower temperature than ethanol. The foreshot also typically contains small amounts of other undesirable compounds such as acetone and various aldehydes. Alcohol concentrations above about 50% alcohol by volume (100 proof) are flammable and therefore dangerous to handle. This is especially true during the distilling process when vaporized alcohol may accumulate in the air to dangerous concentrations if adequate ventilation has not been provided. Mixtures Moonshine has sometimes been mixed with an adulterant (e.g. methanol, lye) with the intent of increasing its apparent alcohol content. This practice has sometimes resulted in a toxic mixture that can cause blindness or death. Although poisoning incidents are rare, particularly in developed nations, they are a cause for concern about the safety of moonshine. Moonshine may be flavored with fruit or bark. The mash may be cooked...
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...Q. What are the pros and cons of making alcohol illegal today? What other option can you suggest to regulate alcohol consumption apart from legislation? Give reasons for your response citing research. Answer to the student: People use alcohol for a number of reasons. Once someone addicted with alcohol they cannot stop using them. He continues to use alcohol despite numerous negative consequences. Alcohol slowly but inevitably destroyed the physical health and mental health and moral character (Baumberg B & P Anderson, 2008). It is a creature of nearly unemployment, poverty, all social problems, business failure, insanity, slums, crime, and violence (especially against children and women). It related with very real social and economic problems of with every country within the world. So that is most significant evidence against making alcohol. Misuse of alcohol has the potential to impose harm on both society and individuals through a range of social and health problems (Austin E and Weintraub M, 2006). Apart from legislation there are various significant suggestions to regulate alcohol consumption. Price is a first factor influencing the consumption of alcohol. Low alcohol prices encourage higher consumption. So regulation or taxes that affect differently lower-priced drinks may be more reducing and effective for heavy use of alcohol. A strong policy to help minimize the harms and maximize benefits of alcohol use. Alcohol policies creating a balance in a number of different...
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...around 373 million cases. (Source: Annual Report, Government of India, Ministry of Food Processing Industries). The Alcohol Industry in India can be divided into the following five categories: - 1. Industrial Alcohol 2. Potable Alcohol 3. Mixed Distilleries (Industrial and Potable Alcohol) 4. Bottling Plants (purchasing alcohol and bottling alcoholic beverages) 5. Distilleries producing alcohol from substrates other than molasses. In India, majority of distilleries manufacture alcohol from Sugar Cane Molasses compared to international trend of grain based (rice, wheat, millet, Barley, corn and oat) alcohol. In India, since alcohol is largely produced from sugarcane molasses, the industry is cyclical in nature, as sugarcane production itself is affected every 3-4 years due to monsoon and other factors, resulting in low availability of molasses. Alcohol industry is the second largest source of revenue of the State Exchequer – Rs.25, 000 cores. The Industry turnover is ~Rs.54,000 core (Source: Euro monitor International 2009). It is the only Industry where inputs are decontrolled (free market price) and output is controlled (selling price is determined by State Excise in most States). The Indian spirits market has grown rapidly owing to rapid economic growth, rising disposable incomes, favourable demographics and greater social acceptability of alcohol consumption in India. In particular, according to Euro monitor International 2009, the sales volume of spirits products...
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...Alcohol is a sedative hypnotic. It is a powerful drug available to virtually anyone who wants to try it. Buzzed: The straight facts about the most used and abused drugs from alcohol to ecstasy describes the effects of alcohol on the body: About 20 percent of alcohol is absorbed through stomach, and most of the rest is absorbed through the small intestine. Alcohol molecules are carried through the bloodstream and come into contact with the cells of virtually all the organs. When someone drinks on an empty stomach, the blood absorbs the alcohol rapidly. The body also absorbs higher concentrations of alcohol, such as mixed drinks or shots, very quickly Ethanol Dose (oz/hour) Ethanol Dose (mg/100ml) Function Impaired Physical State 1-4 up to 100 Judgment, fine motor coordination, reaction time Happy, talkative, boastful 4-12 100-300 Motor coordination, reflexes Staggering gait, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting 12-16 300-400 Voluntary responses to stimulation Hypothermia, hyperthermia, anesthesia 16-24 400-600 Sensation, movement, self-protective reflexes Comatose 24-30 600-900 Breathing, heart function Dead After drinking, people usually feel pleasure and become talkative at first. The feelings are usually replaced by drowsiness as the alcohol is eliminated from body, and the drinker may become withdrawn. This pattern often encourages people to drink more to keep the buzz going. Immediate medical attention is necessary if a person becomes unconscious, is impossible...
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