...truth behind the fight between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. Ellis found that the common version of the duel story has been told many times, and that although historically accurate, is too brief. The legendary battle between two prominent political figures could only be understood if we consider the personalities of the assailants and the argument that had brought them the duel in the first place. To understand it’s true significance, Ellis not only recounts the events of the fight, but relays information about the events leading up to the battle and who Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton really were. On July 11, 1804, a famous duel took place on the plains of Weehawken, NJ, which was later refuted by Ellis, who said that the fight actually took place on a narrow ledge twenty feet above water level, at the base of a cliff near Weehawken. Ellis captures the reader by...
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...different and important ways. Alexander Hamilton is a vital figure in our history because he changed our financial system and helped change the way we run our country. Hamilton’s importance is through his writings, impact on the national banking systems, and his influence on Washington in the cabinet. These events changed the course of American history forever. When America was still in its early years, Alexander Hamilton began to write while he was practicing law. He mainly argued on the topic of strong central government, opposing the Articles of Confederation. Hamilton also was involved in writing the Federalist Papers, which constituted of eighty-five essays, fifty-one of which he wrote. “Hamilton wrote at least two-thirds of the essays, including some of the most important ones that interpreted the Constitution.... [The Federalist Papers] were widely read, had a great influence on contemporaries, became one of the classics of political literature, and helped...
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...David Evans Christianity and the Constitution: Summary #4 Whenever someone thinks of the founding fathers the first person that probably comes to mind is George Washington. He was a legendary war hero during the revolutionary war and he was The United States' first president. Washington was a man of prayer and he is further proof that this country was founded on Christianity and it's ideals. When he was General of the American army Washington would even order or encourage fasting, prayer, and even attendance at religious services. He also deplored and prohibited drunkenness, gambling, and blasphemy. Four years later, Washington was chosen to chair the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. After this he became the first president of the United States. When he took office he added the inaugural oath “so help me, God.” His inaugural address also called “fervent supplications to that almighty being, who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect.” Washington declared many days of prayer and thanksgiving while he was in office. Washington did these things because he believed that good government is a blessing and gift from god and therefore we should obey him, thank him, and pray to him. “National entities should seek forgiveness from God for national transgressions as well as individual transgressions.” Washington gave many sermons on how government and God should work together in order to...
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...APUSH Study Guide Chapter 10 * There was no Bill of Rights. * Freedom, religion, speech, press, assembly and petition. * It said that powers not held by the feds were held by the states. * The rich were favored, Hamilton created the National Bank which made it easier to start a business and for the rich to have more control over the government. * Eliminate the debt and bolster the country’s credit. * Eliminate debt, make a bank for future debts or troubles we might have and make us trustworthy so we can borrow money when needed. * Jefferson’s strict construction directly took the constitution for what it said exactly, Hamilton’s loose construction said that what the constitution didn’t forbid, it allowed. * Whiskey tax was made, low class whiskey farmers got angry and started to rebel, Washington came in and “smashed a fly with a sledgehammer” * At the time, the founding fathers believed that anyone against the government was disloyal. * Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians were the beginning of these political parties. One side supporting strong central government and the other supporting a weak government. * At first, we were flattered that the French would follow our precedent of revolution but after heads rolled, Hamiltonians feared that the same would happen in the U.S. * This was an alliance made because the French helped us win our revolution, we were then held to our alliance but couldn’t due to the imminent danger that the...
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...documents was the contrast between the Hamiltonian Federalism and the Jeffersonian republicanism. Many of the men who decided against signing both documents did so because of their acceptance of the Articles of Confederation. If we had noticed that the same men had signed both documents were the same, it would have seemed that the Jeffersonian republicanism had more of a significant role in the Constitution, which could have made it seem that the government was established on principles of the Declaration rather than creating a liberal capitalist monolith. The philosophy of the Declaration was that of a revolutionary outlook on government concentrated on the rights of citizens and detaching from the repression and tyranny. Alexander Hamilton outlined the Constitutions philosophy in the Federalist Papers; the Constitutions philosophy was the notion of Federalism. The Declaration was a long list of complaints made by the colonists against King George III, and was partly the reason the Bill of Rights was drawn up. King George III denied citizens the right to a trial by jury; the Constitution gave this right to all citizens, as well as the right to a speedy trial. The Bill of Rights also addressed the issue of King George III transporting colonists overseas to be tried on charges that were made...
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...In this case, a defamation suit arose after NY Post journalist Larry Brooks wrote a column about a hockey fight in Vancouver containing allegations about manager Brian Burke which he claimed to be untrue. The column was published in the paper and also appeared in its website. What’s interesting about this case is that a British Columbia court faced a defamation action against a U.S. publisher. The court held that it could properly exercise jurisdiction and apply local law because it was foreseeable that Burke would bring suit in the forum. This foreseeability determination rested on two findings. First, Burke had an established reputation in British Columbia. Second, it was foreseeable that a British Columbian audience would be interested in plaintiff's online newspaper column, regardless of whether the foreign publisher intended to address that audience. When combined with the strong cross-border reputation of the defendant's newspaper (the New York Post) and its sports columnist (Larry Brooks), these facts, the court held, made it foreseeable that the online posting of the story would be read in British Columbia by both ordinary readers and the by British Columbia media -- even if no paper editions were sold in British Columbia. This case helped re-frame the "here, there (and everywhere)" narrative as an engagement in legally inscribing wider borders around the relevant online community regardless of geographic territory -- that is, to be defining the relevant public as...
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...Springtime meeting – ½ of all trade takes place at that time, concerned about losing revenue James Madison – drafted tariff and tonnage bills Tariff – import tax – Tonnage – licensing fee Generate revenue to kick start the economy 2. Bill of Rights Originally their were 12 – but gutted down to 10 2nd amendment right – right to bear arms AND maintain a well-regulated militia Reaction to Boston Massacre, Quartering Act, etc. All amendments reactions to the revolution Passed and ratified by 1791 3. Pay for the President and Congress 4. unilateral removal of individuals – the cabinet members serve at the pleasure of the President 5. Establish a Cabinet 1st sec of state – Thomas Jefferson 1st sec of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton 5. Creation of the Judiciary - Judiciary Act of 1789 – 1. deemed that a trial court should be established in every state – called district courts – 13 2. appeals levels courts – circuit courts 3. establish the number of Supremes at that 6 – groups of 2 – travel around and works the circuit courts Lifetime Appointments 1st Chief Justice – John Jay, hated the job, so John Marshall will take over Hamilton’s Financial Program - *** 1st congress asked...
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...1. George Washington- Served 8 years as president. He was a neutral party. Foreign Policies - was to remain neutral, and form as little alliances and deals with other countries as possible to avoid being dragged into a war, Jay Treaty helping with trade with Great Britian. Domestic Policies – Signed in the Residence Act of 1790, invoked the Militia Act of 1792 One positive aspect that Washington created was imposing an excise tax on distilled spirits, which led to protests in frontier districts when this happened the military was not big enough in just Pennsylvania so he had to invoke the Militia Act. 2. John Adams – Served 4 years as president, was part of the Federalist Party. Domestic Policy- Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798, the Direct Tax of 1798 Foreign Policy - The XYZ Affairs, Treaty of Mortefontaine When Adams signed and instated the Direct Tax act which was taxing on land to pay for our country to rebuild the navy was a positive thought but the negative consequences was the Fries’s Rebellion it created. 3. Thomas Jefferson – Served 8 Years as president. His party was the Democratic- Republican. Foreign Policies- Louisiana Purchase and the Embargo Tax Act Domestic Policies – He drastically cut the federal government reducing spending in his administration as well as the armed forces, he voluntarily stepped down after two terms and declared that no president should serve more than two terms. One positive Jefferson had while in office is he reduced the national...
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...John Adams, a New Englander from Massachusetts and Thomas Jefferson, a Southerner from Virginia were revolutionary period colleagues and friends during the founding of the Republic even though they could not have been more different in personalities, temperament, and politics. It was perhaps inevitable they would have a falling out. Jefferson was the Vice-President of the United States when Adams was President from 1797-1801 on the basis of Jefferson receiving the second most electoral votes even though they belong to different political parties. When Jefferson challenged Adams for the presidency and won in 1801 not only was the rupture in their friendship complete, they became bitter enemies. During the last days of Adams’s one presidential term the majority Federalist Party in congress passed legislation greatly expanding the number of federal judges including justices-of-the-peace. Adams proceeded to name people of his political persuasion to these positions. A few weeks before Adams had named his Secretary of State and 2nd cousin of Thomas Jefferson, Virginian John Marshall as Chief Justice of the then six-man US Supreme Court (the court was increased to the present number of nine in 1869). Marshall thus became the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, replacing President Washington appointed Oliver Ellsworth (John Jay of course was the 1st). Adams was literally still writing out the names of the people he appointed as judges on his last day in office. As Secretary...
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...A book by Gary L. Gregg and Mark David Hall, is a book biographies of important founders who contributed to the signing of the Declaration of Independence but were forgotten in history. James Wilson was born in 1742, Wilson was born to a Presbyterian farming family he received a solid education that allowed him to receive a scholarship to the university of St. Andrews. James Wilson studied at St. Andrews for four years before entering the university's divinity school St. Mary's in 1761. In 1762 he was forced to leave school because the death of his father to support his family financial he served as a tutor. When his siblings were old enough to support their mother, he left to America in search for better opportunities. In 1765 James Wilson arrived in Pennsylvania, where he taught Latin and Greek at the college of Philadelphia for a year before studying law under John Dickinson. After becoming a lawyer before the upcoming revolution, Wilson was drawn into politics. In 1774 Wilson gained national attention with his essay on the "considerations on the nature and extent of the legislative authority of the British Parliament". In this essay, Wilson argued that the Parliament had no authority to pass laws for the American colonies because the colonies had no representation in Parliament. In 1776 he was appointed to The second continental Congress where he actively participated in the proceedings and eventually cast a important vote in favor of independence. In the late 1770's...
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...In the 1800s new money was printed this time with the portraits of presidents on them so that the people of America would never forget them. But Alexander Hamilton proceeded to be one of the only non-presidential portraits on the newly printed bills. Although no presidency was served, Hamilton served America for most of his career life whether it be as a commander or working as the secretary of treasury. Early on Hamilton fought in the American Revolution helping to command along side George Washington and Lafayette. He then went on to become the secretary of treasury endlessly striving to improve the United States debt problem and unite the colonies. Never did he stop believing in the American form of government and stop striving to improve it. His work as a federalist and on the federalist papers led to the United States constitution being drafted much of its public success attributed to his contributions. In conclusion, Alexander Hamilton well deserved to be on the ten dollar bill just as much as any other...
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...Thomas Jefferson had strong political convictions, as seen through his formation of the Jeffersonian political party. However, throughout his presidency he often exercised principles of the opposing Federalist party. Jefferson effectively became a moderate during his presidency, both adhering to and straying from his earlier philosophies. National government was a dangerous necessity meant benefit and protect the citizens, however it must be closely watched. Jeffersonian ideology stated that a weak central government and strong state and local government were necessary to uphold the Union. While downsizing the standing navy should have hindered the nation, the existing fleet was able to suppress the threat in the First Barbary War. (Doc D)...
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...the history of the American Revolution, Presidents and the roots of American foreign policy. His works include American Sphinx, His Excellency: George Washington and Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence. As well as essays and book reviews that appear in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, and The New Yorker. Founding Brothers is a Pulitzer Prize winning book that discusses the prominent men in the political atmosphere of America after the Constitutional Convention and the issues that they faced. The book starts off with the infamous duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton on July 11, 1804. The outcome of this duel is that Burr shoots Hamilton and...
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...As the United States was being established , Alexander Hamilton played a major role in forming the new country. Hamilton helped shape the economy as well as was one of the main advocates fighting for the ratification of the Constitution and a stronger central government. Before the British surrender, Hamilton was involved leading some of the artillery in some battles of the Revolution and was eventually appointed to George Washington’s staff. After earning the trust of Washington, Hamilton was involved in the development the young country. While there were many founders, such as Thomas Jefferson, that did not desire a strong federal government, Hamilton fights for a strong central government and as the Gilder Lehrman website says,“Hamilton...
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...The next character I have chosen is Ambassador Louis Sears; I have described him previously as "the bad." Louis Sears had spent 18 years as a popular and successful American democratic senator. During his time as Senator, he earned the nickname Lucky Lucky Lewis because of the circumstances surrounding his election and reelection as Senator. Sears was not particularly please or desirable of the nickname. After his service as senator, feeling that the party owed him something, he sought the National committee for a long tenure in a Federal judgeship. During the 1950s a Federal judge made around $35,000, (2014 inflation adjusted figures it at $310,000) at the time there wasn’t an opening, so Sears was offered a job as Ambassador, making $17,500 (2014 inflation adjusted figures it at $190,000). The National committees political strategists sells the ambassador position to Lewis by saying it also came with a $15,000 entertainment allowance, liquor was tax free, and it came with a rent free ambassador mansion. They also lightly threatened him with a job as a legal assistant if he turned down the ambassador position. Sears accepted the job as Ambassador to Sarkhan but states he doesn’t work well with blacks, the political strategist respond saying the people are not black, but brown. This is an example of not understanding your operational environment and not considering long-term effects. The political Strategist show a lack of care in selection of who they are sending to...
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