...Genetic Analysis in Plants Abbey Emmanuel and Danielle Peterson Life 120—Lab Section 136 October 29, 2014 Introduction Every living organism is made up of a series of genes. Each characteristic, such as color and texture, rely on the genetic coding of the organism. These genes can be passed along, mixed with other genes, or removed throughout the generations. The process of traits being passed from parent to offspring is called gene transmission. (Bailey, 2014) In the 1860’s a monk, Gregor Mendel set basic principles for heredity. His first law was Mendel’s law of segregation. He discovered this law while studying pea plants. He studied a series of seven different traits. (Bailey, 2014) He first observed and confirmed through experimentation that one pea plant of a certain color could self fertilize and produce another pea plant of the same color. He referred to the process of these self-fertilizing pea plants as true-breeding. (Urry et. Al, 2014) Mendel continued his studies of pea plants by testing that outcome of cross-pollination between two true-breeding plants. He took the two parent plants, one green and one yellow, and found the offspring to be all green. He continued experimenting by crossing two of the offspring from the first generation plants. Mendel found that in the second generation, an offspring color appeared from the parents that were lost in the first generation. His law of segregation explains that allele pairs segregate during...
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... and three of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, by Michael Pollan takes an in depth look of the history and sources of corn, a family farm in Iowa, and the economic pressures that influence farming and food policies. Part one showcases a captivating enlightening history with many descriptive qualities. Chapters one, two, and three are a perfect start to The Omnivore’s Dilemma, in that they set up the re-occurring theme in the book: the conflict between the way farming should be done, and how economic survival dictates how it is typically done. However, this book might not be as appealing to others as it was to me. The first chapter is a about a particular piece of produce that is all around us: corn. Pollan reveals that on the forty-five thousand items in a supermarket, more than a quarter of them now contain corn in their ingredients. Through some historical analysis of how corn was first used by the Mayans, Pollan explains why corn is such a commanding crop and how its use was transferred to the surrounding colonists. In chapter two, Pollan shares his experience on a family corn farm in Iowa and how corn has changed farming and the landscape in the area. Chapter three is about the grain elevator and how this lowers the value of this particular vegetable, which was once highly praised by the Mayans. Next, we learn that large companies such as Cargill and ADM control the corns’ vague stages from elevators to feedlots. For two out of the three common expectations, chapters one, two...
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...NUTRI-CURLS PRODUCTION USING THREE DIFFERENT RATIOS OF POWDERED FISH AND MUNG BEAN FELOMENA E. APILAN A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY AND STAFF OF ZAMBOANGA STATE COLLEGE OF MARINE SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY, FORT PILAR, ZAMBOANGA CITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FISHERIES (Major in Fish Processing Technology) November 2009 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This study is concerned on the making of nutri-curls using three different ratios of fish powder and mung bean powder. To achieve high growth or development, there is a need to conduct research about food products. It is important to have constant and standard procedure coming up with new and creative ways to satisfy customers. There is a need of careful study on the process until desired results of the finished products will be attained. Today, junk foods are very common as food snacks by great mass of customers without the realization of getting nothing advantageous from the said snack. Since nutritious food is necessary for our health such as growth and strength, this study is envisioned to manufacture food products with enough aggregates of nutritional considerations. Proper and essential nutritive contents such as right amount of calories, protein, minerals, vitamins, fats and oils. Nutri-curls unlike other curls will be a cheaper food product enrich with natural flavors without artificial additives and preservatives...
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...which is rich a good source of collagen. It is also an excellent source of vitamins A and C, lycopene which is a natural antioxidant, and potassium. The tomato is also used medicinally. The pulp and the juice are digestible, mild aperients (laxative), promoter of gastric secretion, and a very good blood cleanser or purifier. They are considered as an intestinal antiseptic, useful in cancer of the mouth, for sore throat. It stimulates a turpid liver, and is good for dyspepsia. It is highly prescribed for case of biliousness and it promotes the flow of bile. The juice is recommended for asthma, bronchitis, and those who have tuberculosis. One doctor says: “Tomatoes have the richest vitamins of all foods; they are the most wonderful blood cleanser of all foods known to man; the richest of all vegetables with their natural health acids which keep our stomachs and intestines in good condition; they are the most extraordinary cleanser for kidneys, being gentle, natural stimulant which help wash away the poisons that cause disease and contaminate our systems. It is for these reasons that the researchers decided to make the study. Through conceptualizing the procedures of making the tomato candy brittles,...
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...Elba Gibson Professor Cavender RWS 280-14 February 24, 2015 Word Count 916 Project 1: Argument and Audience Analysis With the advancements in modern medicine, Americans are living longer lives than ever before. But does living a longer life mean you’re living a healthier life? The answer might not surprise some, but will shock most. Unfortunately we are living in a time where we are witnessing the most cases of chronic health illnesses, such as heart disease and obesity. Author and Chef Dan Barber raises some of the issues concerning America’s food production in his book “The Third Plate.” The issues with America’s food system are not only affecting our health, but are also interfering with nature in such a negative way, that the worsening of our environment is becoming more apparent each day. Barber is not the only advocate raising awareness about the troubles with modern food production. Michael Pollan, author of “The Food Movement, Rising” and documentaries such as “King Corn” also shed light on the issues surrounding Americans’ health as well as the deterioration of our environment. The solution to this unhealthy epidemic does not lie in a miracle pill, nor in an Ivy League-trained physician. It lies in our food production, and the best place to start is at the source; at the farm. And who better to advocate for this change than farmers and chefs? Farmers and chefs should influence a better food system by promoting good food through their harvests and prepared meals...
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...Extension Economist Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, 600 John Kimbrough Blvd, 2124 TAMU. College Station, Texas, 77843-2124, U.S.A. b f a Professor, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Room 127, Hobgood Building, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, U.S.A. Abstract This paper analyzed the economic feasibility of a mobile bioenergy pyrolysis system using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Pyrolysis transforms any cellulosic materials into i) a bio-oil similar to crude oil ii) a synthesis gas similar to natural gas, and iii) a bio-charcoal substance. The pyrolyzer machine is currently being manufactured and tested with various types of feedstocks including corn stover and energy sorghum. The economic analysis focused on creating an automated process that integrates a transportation logistics cost optimization model with geographic information system (GIS) data. The geographic data provides possible paths for the mobile bioenergy pyrolysis unit as it moves to and from each harvest area, depending on stochastic availability of feedstock (determined by historical crop yields) and distance to oil refineries. The results indicated that there is a low probability of a positive Net Present Value (NPV) with current economic conditions. In general, the NPV was highest with a stationary scenario and it decreased with...
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...prices, the rate of inflation, and the nature of business cycles. 2. Why is economics often described as the science of constrained choice? While our wants for goods and services are unlimited, the resources necessary to produce those goods and services, such as labor, managerial talent, capital, and raw materials, are “scarce” because their supply is limited. This scarcity implies that we are constrained in the choices we can make about which goods and services to produce. Thus, economics is often described as the science of constrained choice. 3. How does the tool of constrained optimization help decision makers make choices? What roles do the objective function and constraints play in a model of constrained optimization? Constrained optimization allows the decision maker to select the best (optimal) alternative while accounting for any possible limitations or restrictions on the choices. The objective function represents the relationship to be maximized or minimized. For example, a firm’s profit might be the objective function and all choices will be evaluated in the profit function to determine which yields the highest profit. The constraints place limitations on the choice the decision maker can select and defines the set of alternatives from which the best will be chosen. 4. Suppose the market for wheat is competitive, with an upward-sloping supply curve, a downward-sloping demand curve, and an...
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...Biocentric Ethics Analysis SCI/362 June 29, 2015 Mark Leeper Biocentric Ethics Analysis The term biocentric ethics means any theory that views all life as possessing intrinsic value (DesJardins, 2013). Genetically modified organisms are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially changed in a laboratory through genetic engineering ("Non-Gmo Project", 2015). In recent news, there has been controversy over the use of GMOs. Since the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Flavr Savr tomato for sale on grocery store shelves in 1994, more GMOs has since came on the market (GMOinside, n.d.). Does GMOs have inherent value? INHERENT VALUE Inherent value is a quality attributes to every creature that has a life that matters to it (Regan, 2004). According to DesJardins (2013), inherent value is to have value in and of oneself. Objects with inherent value are ends in themselves, not merely means to some other end (DesJardins, 2013). CONTROVERSY REGARDING GMOs There are two main problems that concern GMOs. GMOs have no boundaries and do not have labels. Once a genetically modified organism is planted they are in risk of contaminating any regular crops planted nearby (The Non-GMO Report, 2005). A survey reports that in the Midwest, where there are millions of acres of GM corn and soybean crops, up to 80% of organic farmers reported direct costs or damages resulting from genetic trespass (The Non-GMO Report, 2005). Unlike the organic...
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...of Maryland (Dated: September 21, 2011) Abstract Recent increases in basic food prices are severely impacting vulnerable populations worldwide. Proposed causes such as shortages of grain due to adverse weather, increasing meat consumption in China and India, conversion of corn to ethanol in the US, and investor speculation on commodity markets lead to widely differing implications for policy. A lack of clarity about which factors are responsible reinforces policy inaction. Here, for the first time, we construct a dynamic model that quantitatively agrees with food prices. The results show that the dominant causes of price increases are investor speculation and ethanol conversion. Models that just treat supply and demand are not consistent with the actual price dynamics. The two sharp peaks in 2007/2008 and 2010/2011 are specifically due to investor speculation, while an underlying upward trend is due to increasing demand from ethanol conversion. The model includes investor trend following as well as shifting between commodities, equities and bonds to take advantage of increased expected returns. Claims that speculators cannot influence grain prices are shown to be invalid by direct analysis of price setting practices of granaries. Both...
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...Monsanto Place and Price Analysis Fundamentals of Marketing and Sales BUS3030 Pamela Vest PLACE Distribution Channels Monsanto, an agriculture company, creates, produces, and provides genetically modified seeds to farmers around the world. With the issues of agriculture, Monsanto is working to produce more, conserve more, and improving lives (Monsanto, 2014). As the world’s population grows and not enough of land suitable for agriculture, farmers must produce more. Farmer’s crops yield more, and are reducing water, nutrients, and energy by using the Monsanto seeds. Monsanto creates genetically modified seeds in labs, by taking two good parents and breeds them to produce an offspring plant that is suitable for a certain agricultural area. With manufacturing plants, seed production facilities, and research centers scattered around the world, Monsanto distribution channels are focused around the geographic area near these facilities. Monsanto produces the seeds in their plants and must produce and distribute enough to meet the weekly high demands of farmers. With the precise timing the production and distribution plans due to the high demand, make for a more credible business approach. Monsanto manufacturing plants lack the storage spaces for the seeds, resulting in Monsanto having to use Public Storage facilities. Once at the public storage facilities, seeds are then delivered to distributor warehouse, and then they are delivered to retailers, whole sellers, trade...
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...CRACKER JACK An analysis of potential brand acquisition by Diversified Products Corporation John Bry Sonja Gessling Phil Mark Sara Meinke Jordan Schulz Som Thamma Cindy Tsai Cohort C ‐ Team 4 CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS: Cracker Jack (CJ) is a classic American caramel-coated popcorn and peanut snack that was acquired by Frito-Lay (FL) in 1997.1,2 Sales peaked in 1998 to $100M but soon sank back to $30M per year and has remained at that level since.3 Several factors are attributed to this sales slump. FL incorporated CJ into its existing distribution model that utilizes Direct Store Delivery and packaged CJ in Mylar bags (as opposed to the classic boxes).They also shelved CJ with other Frito-Lay salty snack products such as Lays Potato Chips, despite 98% of consumers rating CJ as a sweet snack and not a salty one. 4 Although priced lower than the leading caramel corn brands, CJ still appears expensive when merchandised next to inexpensive potato chips. Consequently CJ has numerous misalignments and a comparatively low profit margin (8.2% compared to snack average of 20.5%).5,6 The low price point combined with rising commodity prices has forced FL to substantially cut the quality of the prizes found inside each box to control costs, angering long time consumers.7 CJ, having stagnant sales for the past ten years, has not received the support required for brand revitalization, instead relying on steady baseball stadium sales to survive.8 Overall...
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...Graduate College at Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. For more information, please contact hinefuku@iastate.edu. Three essays on biofuel, environmental economics, and international trade by Jingbo Cui A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Economics Program of Study Committee: Harvey Lapan, Co-major Professor GianCarlo Moschini, Co-major Professor Sebastien Pouliot John Schroeter Rajesh Singh Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2012 Copyright c Jingbo Cui, 2012. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my wife Shu and to my daughter Iris, who supported me each step of the way. I would also like to thank my family for their unconditional love and support throughout the course of this work. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...United International UniversitySummer Trimester 2015School of Business and EconomicsCourse: IBS3121_International Business | Case Analysis and Term PaperCase 1Chapter 1Topic 1 | Dell’s Globalization of Business Dell, Inc. the largest direct sale computer vendor in the world, selling servers, desktops, laptops, workstations, printers, monitors, storage solutions, and other computer peripherals. Since its inception in 1984 Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, it entered the market for IT services. With a unique business model for computer vendor industry named “build-to-order” or direct sales philosophy, Dell expanded its footprints as one of the most successful global company. Using the most advance technologies with the benefit of globalization, Dell built its competitive advantage as a low cost provider of customized product offerings. To capture the advantage of low cost production, in 1994 Dell enthusiastically moved to the use of Internet to coordinate and control its globally dispersed production system. It was so efficient that now it holds only three days’ worth of inventory at its assembly locations. This advancement in reducing inventory cost to a minimum level was not possible unless company use Microprocessor and Internet. Dell’s Internet-based system records orders for computer equipment as customers submit them via the company’s Web site, then immediately transmits the resulting orders...
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...the minds of many expert scientists as the world’s greatest environmental challenge, a common belief is that it is more important than ever that the US develop sensible and far-sighted energy policy. Politicians’ claims aside, the politics of energy policy are rarely about what is best “for the country.” When government sets energy policy, some people gain, and others may lose. The politics of energy policy, then, are not simply, or even generally, about how to make the nation as a whole better off. Rather, the politics of energy policy are very much about interested political groups struggling against one another. This type of “special interest” politics is nothing new, and not unique to energy policy. Nevertheless, it is widely held among average Americans that the political activities of special interest politics are often bad for the nation as a whole. Because public information is a democracy’s best weapon against harmful special-interest politics, in this chapter we hope to accomplish three goals: 1) to present an outline of the “nuts and bolts” of U.S. ethanol policy; 2) to use economic analysis to examine the effects of ethanol policy, presenting arguments to cut through much of the political rhetoric about which groups win and which lose from it; and 3) to discuss the politics that drive ethanol policy for clearer view of just why we see the policies implemented that we do. The Issue at Hand: Who Really Benefits from and Who Really Pays for US Ethanol Policy? Groups of...
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...N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63167 General Inquiries: (314) 694-1000 Media Inquiries: (314) 694-NEWS (6397) Table of Contents Quantitative Analysis ………………………………..2 Performance Highlights …………………………….3 Trends……………………………………………………….4 Industry comparison………………………………….4 Qualitative Analysis……………………………………5 Sales Pitch ………………………………………………. .7 References…………………………………………………9 Monsanto Co. is a global provider of agricultural products and integrated solutions for farmers. We produce leading seed brands in large-acre crops like corn, cotton, and oilseeds (soybeans and canola), as well as small-acre crops like vegetables. We also produce leading in-the-seed trait technologies for farmers that are aimed at protecting their yield, supporting their on-farm efficiency and reducing their on-farm costs (About, 2012). It is because of these traits Monsanto Company is number one provider of seeds. In the United States, that meant offering more choices: more products at more price points in corn, more options in soybeans and improved products in both. The result speaks volumes. We still have more to do, yet our primary new U.S. products—the Genuity reduced-refuge family in corn and Genuity Roundup Ready 2 Yield soybeans—stepped up by at least 10 million acres each to become Monsanto’s new platforms in these crops (About, 2012). Around the globe, innovation has driven the expansion of our base business, particularly in the areas where farmers recognize its benefits and where...
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