...Blood Banking and Blood transport During World War 2 blood transport proved to be a vital innovation for saving the lives of those wounded in the war and ultimately was a cause of the victory by the allies in the war. The first successful blood program called “Blood for Britain” and the first large scale blood bank both originated during WW2 and increased the efficiency in saving lives, due to advances in blood storage and transportation (“Charles Richard Drew”). This was important because during the war, injuries and blood loss were extremely common and an increased availability of blood likely saved the lives of many and kept soldiers in battle. According to Arrington, blood storage and transportation lead to the saving of a number of lives...
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...Japan’s Hostility in the Pacific Japan felt bitter and cheated on because they had entered WW1 to obtain territory, but gained less than they had wanted. The Treaty of Versailles negatively affected Japan. Japan had helped the allies win WW1 and defeat Germany, but in return received little to nothing. This angered them because when they got back from war they had political and social distress. The Treaty of Versailles was a major cause in WW2 with Japan. The treaty also influenced them to become power hungry for resourceful land and give up at little to no cost. Japan had started fighting before WW2 with the invasion of Manchuria. This started in 1931 and the Japanese fought through till 1945 (ushmm.org). China had already weakened from...
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...The USSR’s war economy was far from perfect; however, when war broke out it was more prepared for it than both Britain and Frances. This economic progress was due to the first two five year plans. The Nazi’s were unable to produce as much on a big enough scale to defeat the USSR. Other reasons also played a part in victory for the USSR during WW2. Such as the German tactical mistakes and the alliances the USSR had. The Soviet economy used similar methods to fight the war as it had during the Five-Year plans. There were some innovations though. In the early days of war, Stalin initiated a new policy of relocating the industry so that it would not fall into enemy hands. By November 1941 1523 factories had been taken apart and moved in Eastern regions of Russia. Central planning was also effective during WW2 as by 1942, 56% of the USSR’s national income was devoted to the war; this was a much high figure in comparison than Britain, Germany and America. The production of armament almost doubled between the year of 1941 and 1944, this was remarkable achievement to say a large amount of Russian territory was in German hands already. At the start of the war, Germany looked like an unstoppable force. Hitler’s ability to actually guide the war seemed inadequate as he rose to power and this led to failures. His decision to declare war on the USSR whilst already fighting a war against Britain was risky. Germany also launched an offence called Operation Barbarossa, which was launched later...
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...Germany’s influence would attempt to gain control of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Fighting stretched from Morocco all the way to Egypt. During this struggle, the combined coalition of British and American forces succeeded in driving the Italian and German forces out of North Africa. This paper will explore how the Italian and Germans lost North Africa, and...
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...The decisions in World War I (WW1), or the Great War, were mostly the reasons for the start of World War II (WW2). In 1902, a man named Benito Mussolini moved to Switzerland from Italy to avoid going to jail. He was an avid socialist news reporter. While earning a reputation as a political journalist and public speaker, he produced propaganda for a trade union, proposing a strike and advocating violence as a means of enforcing demands. (Hibbert, Foot. Jan 12, 2000). He had got into a lot of trouble with the Switzerland police due to his writing. Mussolini had been arrested and sent back to Italy, then being set free moved back to Switzerland. He got arrested again and was drafted into the military and completed his time. Once out of the...
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...Word count= 2000 Word count= 2000 World War Two (WW2) and the situation it created within Germany saw the creation of two rival political systems which were influenced by rival foreign powers. In this aspect, it can be seen as the key turning point in German political systems. When Germany at the end of WW2 was conquered and occupied by the allies between the years 1945-1949 (point zero), the subsequent rift between the capitalist allies (Britain, France and America) and the communist allies (Russia) formed two opposing democratic Germany’s; The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This is significant, due to foreign powers controlling Germany’s political system, as well as the departure from Sonderweg, meaning Germany no longer followed a unique path of development and that nationalism and militarism were on the decline. The significance of the previous German eras, Kaiser Reich (Semi-Autocratic Empire), Weimar Republic (Federal Democracy) and the Third Reich (Dictatorship) are also significant, however in political terms they are not as significant as post 45. The significances of post 1945 can be seen by its success of creating a working democracy in Germany after 1945, the FRG. One reason why the FRG was successful revolves around the sudden decline in German militarism and nationalism. This is evident in the fact that the FRG’s constitution was based on the Weimar Republics concept of ‘Grundgesetz’, which means basic law. The implications...
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...Greek King Odysseus was the main character in the book the Odyssey. Odysseus was the commander of Greek troops in the Trojan war and the king of the kingdom of Ithaca. Dwight D Eisenhower was a major figure in mid 20th century America. Eisenhower had served in his long career as commander of troops in WW2 and as President of the United States for 8 years. Both Eisenhower and Odysseus are effective commanders during war and strong leaders of their countries during peace. Both Odysseus and Eisenhower where different though because of their responses to different domestic problems in their countries. When Odysseus was confronted with the suitors who had taken control of his palace he had resorted to outright violence and killed more than 100 men...
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...The development of the cold war between the USA and the Soviet Union between 1945-53 was primarily due to traditional great power rivalry The USA and the Soviet Union worked together to defeat Hitler in WW2. Towards the end of the war relationships between them began to break down, although in 1945 there remained possibility of continued cooperation. By 1947, this prospect had disappeared and tensions between the two powers continued to increase for the rest of this period. Some historians, including those belonging to the economic revisionist school of thought, argue that traditional great power rivalry was primarily responsible for this development. This is defined as developing power through trade in order to achieve financial dominance. Undoubtedly, this factor was a major contributor to cold war tensions, however other factors such as ideology, individuals and WW2- many of which are invariably linked to economic influence- also played a large part. Great power rivalry can be seen as the main cause of increased cold war tensions between 1945 and 1953 as both powers sought to increase their relationships with other countries to obtain economic dominance. America, although benefitting economically from the war, feared the possibility of a recession, both as demand for arms fell and poverty in Europe threatened an insufficient international demand for US goods. They believed free trade would prevent this from happening, as well as increasing interdependence between countries...
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...When the 3rd Reich fell and left the western allies with half of Germany and Russia with the other half divided right down the middle of Berlin at the conclusion of the Yalta conferences, tensions between the two allied factions had started to grow during the race for Berlin and became more and more apparent during Yalta negotiations. Stalin wanting the eastern European states as buffers for mother Russia’s security and was not willing to give up his strangle hold on his piece the German capitol as punishment for its incursion on the eastern front. Nor were the allies going to demilitarize or back off there portions of Germany, like so many children squabbling for candy pouring out of a piñata. The Berlin wall was erected and became a real frontline for intelligence and conventional military forces and symbolic front of western capitalism versus eastern communism. The Wall went up and communications between the western allied powers and Russia became less and less friendly. Tensions and paranoia across the wall grew deeper leading the Cold War to spawn The Arms Race. The Arms Race lead to the Space Race which lead to the technology boom which we are benefiting from today. Was the Cold War unavoidable? Could it have been avoided if different personalities had lead the various factions at Yalta? Perhaps, However capitalist and communist ideology like Muslims and Christians before them would have clashed on the world stage at some point, if not at the end of...
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...D-Day, only scrape the surface of how gigantic and complex the Second World War was, and how it shaped the world for the years to come. The conflicts that occurred in this bloody war would shock the world and be remembered even seventy plus years into the future. This war was “Power-packed” with huge names from the world’s super powers; huge names that have been remembered for the years to follow, such as Roosevelt, Stalin, Mussolini, Tojo, Churchill, Eisenhower, Hitler, etc. All of the battles that ensued, had either positively or negatively affected the world as we know today and held huge roles in the “Great War” that many people’s grandfathers, not just Americans, fought in for what each of their countries’ beliefs. World War II, or WW2 for short, spanned from 1SEP1939 to 2SEP1945, to set the backdrop for this war, Germany was in substantial debt from the treaties signed that forced the German people to pay the Allied Powers large sums of money to end World War I, this allowed for the Nazi party to acquire a majority in Germany’s government, and eventually become the nation’s official political party. Their main point to the people was to blame communism and communists, and used the Jewish people as the face for their so-called “evil”. With their leader Adolf Hitler, a World War I veteran, at the reigns, he brought Germany out of crippling debt and rose the military power of the nation of Germany, uniting all Germans under the banner and title of the “perfect race”. Hitler...
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...Harry Truman: First Atomic Bomb Dropped Harry Trumans choice affected warfare by dropping a bomb on Japan. Truman grew up not like the other kids he didn’t play any sports because his eyesight was bad so instead he enjoyed writing and reading. Truman ended up running for the 33rd president and won, and during his office time he had a lot of decisions he made. Before Harry Truman dropped the atomic bomb, warfare had never seen anything of that technology before. Once the bomb was dropped you could see the smoke from miles away. Now we are able to press a button and send a missile all the way across the world. Harry Truman was born in Lamar Missouri on May 8th 1864. Harry Truman had bad eyesight when he was growing up so he could not really participate in sports. So Truman got a interest in reading and writing. He married Elizabeth Wallace then joined the military and reached the ranking of captain, and while doing that he ran a successful regiment. After Harry Truman served his time in the military he ran for senate in 1934 and won. Once Harry Truman served 1 term in...
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...Assess the significance of war in influencing the transformation of approaches to medical treatment and surgery in the period 1870-1990 Throughout 1870-1990, warfare played a crucial role in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery as it; prompted more government responsibility in healthcare, innovated technological developments in medicine such as the establishment of blood transfusion services, contributed to individual breakthroughs by catalysing the development, and mass-production of penicillin. However, there's an ongoing historical debate regarding the significance of other factors' influence in transforming approaches to medical treatment and surgery. Other factors include; individuals who used their scientific knowledge to develop new medical treatment and surgical treatments, and the role of the government in enhancing healthcare in Britain. The effects of war were prevalent as early as the Second Boer War; which exposed inadequacies within the healthcare system, instigating increased government awareness towards poor health. Henry Hyndman suggested up to 50% of volunteers were unfit and in Manchester, 8,000 out of the 11,000 who volunteered for the army were rejected as they were physically unsuitable. The public's poor health hindered recruitment for the Boer War alarmed the government. This forced them to respond by establishing the inter-department Committee on Physical Deterioration; which highlighted nutrition as an indicator of the public's...
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...STUDENT NUMBER: C1420893 MODULE CODE: ML8293 MODULE TITLE: Memories of Fascism COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT: Memories of Fascism Assessed Essay WORD COUNT: 1843 * * * In what ways could it be argued that fascist foreign policy led directly to the fall of the regime? Do you agree with this assessment? This essay explicitly explains the ways in which Mussolini’s fascist foreign policy did in fact lead to the fall of the regime in 1943. The three most significant factors of causation were Imperialism, Italian involvement in the Spanish Civil War and an alliance with Germany. Despite achieving some domestic and foreign short-term success, Imperialism as an Italian fascist foreign policy was truly destructive for fascism. Modeled upon the old Roman Empire, Mussolini strived to ensure that the idea of ‘Romanità’ was deeply engrained within fascist ideology and culture, predominantly through propaganda. He made no secret of his desire to make Italy ‘great, respected and feared’ (Urmila Sharma, S.K. Sharma Page 388), often alluding to the power and dominance of the Roman Empire as a tool to inflame national patriotism. In order to sustain this idea, Mussolini wanted a spectacular foreign policy achievement that would boost the popularity of the fascist regime whilst diverting attentions away from unpopular domestic policies (Page 57, Mussolini and Italian Fascism, Hamish Macdonald). In this way, an invasion of Abyssinia had perfectly logical long-term nationalistic...
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...To what extent were rival ideologies responsible for the breakdown of the relationship between the two superpowers between 1945 and 1949? It was the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan that really split Europe and made the concept of an Iron Curtain permanent during 1947/8. It was the final breakdown of the Allied cooperation over Germany that led to tensions and permanent divisions in the centre of Europe in 1948/9 as witnessed by the Berlin blockade and Allied airlift. It was the explosion of the Soviet atom bomb and American membership of NATO that created a bi-polar nuclear world during and after 1949. rival ideologies Under President Woodrow Wilson the US had committed itself to liberal internationalism, which promoted democracy and the free enterprise system, while the communist emphasis was upon a world wide class revolution to bring about the socialist future. These conflicting views were less important in the 1920s and 1930s because the Soviet Union was a weak military power and the main threat seemed to come from the right wing ideology of Fascism. However the defeat of these powers by 1945 reopened the ideological sense of difference between the Americans and Russians. hard line anti-Russian views became more influential in Washington by 1945 and George Kennan’s famous “Long Telegram” in 1946 also reinforced the idea that the communists were ideologically hostile to US interests and needed to be contained. Although...
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...The Cold War During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies, fighting against Germany and Japan. During World War II, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill needed Stalin and the Soviet forces to help defeat Germany. When the “Big Three” met at the Yalta conference in Crimea, Soviet Union, in February 1945, Roosevelt was convinced that he still needed the support of Stalin to defeat the Japanese, because the United States had not yet tested the atomic bomb. The American Truman Doctrine of containment was meant to keep a lid on Soviet military adventurism that might spark a Third World War and a nuclear exchange. Despite revisionist historians trying to read all kinds of sinister subtext into our actions from 1945 to 1991 this simple objective was the only really important thing to the US during the Cold War. Everything else is smoke and mirrors. The primary threat was an unstable world that would descend back into WW III and a nuclear confrontation. The American policy called the Truman Doctrine of containment was not some hysterical fear that the Communists were going to invade America. The fear was that one of their little military adventures would get out of hand and blow up into a worldwide military confrontation that would end in a nuclear exchange. The policy was intended to keep a lid on small and/or regional wars and confrontations and keep them small and regional. Americans were in fear that maybe...
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