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Технологическая схема синтеза метанола изображена на рис. Очищенный синтез-газ сжимают турбокомпрессором 1 до 5—10 МПа и смешивают с циркулирующим газом, который дожимают до рабочего давления циркуляционным турбокомпрессором 2. Смесь проходит адсорбер 3, предназначенный для очистки газа от пентакарбонила железа. Это вещество образуется при взаимодействии СО с железом аппаратуры и разлагается в реакторе с образованием мелкодисперсного железа, катализирующего нежелательные реакции получения СН4 и СО2. По этой причине, а также из-за водородной коррозии реактор выполняют из легированной стали.

Рис. Технологическая схема синтеза метанола:
1 — турбокомпрессор; 2 — циркуляционный турбокомпрессор; 3 — адсорбер; 4 — теплообменник; 5 — реактор; 6 — парогенератор; 7 — холодильник; 8 — сепаратор; 9, 10 — ректификационные колонны; 11 — дроссельный вентиль; 12 — дефлегматоры; 13—кипятильники

Газ после адсорбера разделяют на два потока: один подогревают в теплообменнике 4 и подают на синтез в верхнюю часть реактора 5, а другой вводят в реактор 5 между слоями катализатора в холодном виде для регулирования температуры и отвода тепла. Газ проходит сверху вниз через все слои катализатора и выходит из реактора при ≈300°С.
Этот газ тоже разделяют на два потока: один проходит теплообменник 4 и служит для подогрева части исходной смеси до температуры синтеза, а другой направляют в парогенератор 6, где его тепло используют для получения пара высокого давления. Потоки газа после этого объединяют и охлаждают в холодильнике 7, где метанол конденсируется и отделяется от газа в сепараторе 8 высокого давления. Газ с верха сепаратора дожимают циркуляционным компрессором 2 и возвращают на синтез.
Конденсат с низа сепаратора дросселируют до давления, близкого к атмосферному, и в ректификационной колонне 9 отделяют метанол от растворенных газов и летучих продуктов (диметиловый эфир), которые идут на сжигание, в следующей ректификационной колонне 10 отгоняют метанол от небольшого количества тяжелых примесей (высшие спирты), которые также направляют на сжигание. Полученный товарный метанол имеет высокую степень чистоты (до 99,95 % основного вещества) и получается с общим выходом до 95 % при учете всех потерь.

АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ НЕФТЯНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ

Химико-технологический факультет

Кафедра «Химия технология переработки нефти и газа»

САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №10 На тему:

«Технологическая схема синтеза метанола»

Баку 2014

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