...What do you see as some of the advantages and disadvantages of the systems concept of corrections? There are many different ways to look at corrections as systems, to begin studies show that the systems are not very effective and this makes it hard for corrections to have a justified case when asking for money for, prisons, criminal justice policies and new ideas. Although over seven million Americans are now in the corrections system, it is still a misinterpreted field because prior to 1990 no Americans were exposed to corrections. Another disadvantage seen when analyzing corrections is the fact that building prisons doesn’t necessarily mean crime rates will be lowered; examples of this could be New York and Florida. While New York decreased their incarcerations by 16% their crime rate when down double that of Florida’s while the crime rates in the same period of time went up the same amount with a 16% higher incarceration rate. Some positives of the corrections system are that it is a broad and growing field in America and there are many jobs being created in the field. Another advantage to the system is that the field is full of new ideas on how to reduce crime rates while decreasing incarcerations therefore, saving money and lowering prison counts in the U.S. What does Lipsky mean by the term street-level-bureaucrat? Lipsky states that street-level-bureaucrats are social workers that provide higher quality treatment for their clients than what they can afford to. Meaning...
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...Corrections accreditation is a system of verification that correctional agencies/facilities comply with national standards promulgated by the American Correctional Association. Accreditation is achieved through a series of reviews, evaluations, audits and hearings (ACA.org, n. d.). According to the American Correctional Association (n. d.) in order for a correctional facility to be eligible for accreditation they must hold convicted adults or juveniles adjudicated delinquent, pretrial or presentenced adults or juveniles, and/or adult or juveniles offenders sentenced to community supervision. It officially began in 1978, and today it is jointly administrated by the American Correctional Association (ACA) and the Commission on Accreditation in Corrections (CAC). The accreditation program offers public and private organizations performing correctional functions the opportunity to evaluate their operations against national standards, to remedy deficiencies, and to upgrade the quality of correctional programs and services (Foster, 2006). Foster (2006) stated “professionalization has to do with gaining professional status for persons working in corrections” (p.176). The professional development of corrections officers is truly affected by the corrections accreditation. They work toward obedience within the standards that represent professional practices. There are millions of people who work in the jail and prisons system for adults and juveniles. Some of those public employees work...
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...operation of institutional and community-based corrections. The need of prisons and prison administrators is most important in the criminal justice system therefore, the paper will identify the current and future issues today. In addition the paper will evaluate the corrections system as a developing trend pertaining to the issues and the role of alternative corrections. Development and Operations of Institutional Corrections In prior years the development of institutional corrections left nothing to the imagination. The perspective of development and operations of institutional corrections is one fact that the facilities’ inmates were housed in the conditions were dark and fifthly. Inmates were treated harshly, and worked extremely hard. Today the development and operations of institutional corrections play a part where constitutional rights are in affect. Inmates today although the prison systems are overcrowded they are with constitutional rights. One constitutional right an inmate is entitled to today is health care. The prison system today functions differently. Rules and regulations are enforced but not by the hands of the facility but by the law. Facilities today although overcrowded are no longer dark, and fifthly. Inmates have three meals a day, shower access, time in the yard, they have a complete library for inmates to use, and inmates have access to cell phones, computers, and televisions. Some Americans may say they have the luxuries of the outside world...
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...Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Carl Aguilar CJS/230 November 25, 2012 Lester G. Julian Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Correctional accreditation is a program that gives public and private organizations the ability to evaluate their operation against national standards provided by the American Correctional Association. By prisons getting their accreditation through the American Correctional Association will help fix any deficiencies that might arise during the day to day operations, by giving the correction officer and prison officials the proper training that is required to perform his or her job on day to day bases, will reduce conflicts that might arise with the inmates and the prison guards (Foster, 2006). By state and federal prisons obtaining their accreditation and keeping their accreditations prisons can affectively keep their corrections officers up to date on current policies and procedures that are changing all the time. Corrections officers that are properly trained are more inclined to treat inmates in a favorable manner and this will reduce the tension against prison inmates which will result in a lower tension atmosphere in the prison (Foster, 2006). Industry officials can improve correctional professionalization and accreditation by offering continued education and training, on current training, policy, and procedures. With current training corrections officers will be more adept to deal with any situation that may arise in the...
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...Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Paper Accreditation is a process in which is conducted to grant accredited status and to increase accountability for an employment organization. Corrections accreditation is standards to help keep prison procedures, policies, and operations in order. With such standards, corrections officers are better professionally developed. The American Correctional Association (ACA) has a department that specifically targets professional development. “The Professional Development Department consists of four sections: Grants, Contracts, and Cooperative Agreements, Conference Programming, Training and Technical Assistance, and Educational and Training Products” (READING: Chapter 8 in Corrections). Its goal is to change the attitude and mindset of corrections officers from just having a job, to being considered a professional. I believe that industry leaders can plan for a better correctional officer professionalization and accreditation by improving training. I can presume that many times correctional officers are not considered 'real' law enforcement because of the lack of training and also because the funds are not often supplied as readily as they are for and given to the other agencies of law enforcement. Privatization is a rational and contemporary unravelment to the issues of overcrowding and immense costs facing the U.S. prison system. A plethora of states are distinguishing this, arranging...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation In this paper the objectives that will be addressed are past, present and future trends of corrections. Also, analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators as well as the roles and issues of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. In today’s society the jails and prison pretty much function with the same protocol. In the past the history of the State prisons began at the Walnut Street Jail in 1790, it was the actually first American penitentiary located in Philadelphia. Punishments such as the pillory and hanging were carried out in public. In the past, the Old Stone Jail in Philadelphia held old and young, black and white, men and women all together. In Chester County, the English custom of charging for various other services was also in force, fees for locking and unlocking cells, food, heat, clothing, and for attaching and removing irons incident to a court appearance (Prison Society, 2012). The act of 1790 brought about sweeping reforms in the prison and authorized a penitentiary house with 16 cells to be built in the yard of the jail to carry out solitary imprisonment with labor for “brutal offenders.” As time and years went by mishandlings and joblessness stopped. The Walnut Street jail became a showplace, separating the different sorts of prisoners and workshops providing useful trade instruction. The more reforming of the jails and prisons occurred the more they got crowded (Prison Society, 2012)...
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...Jail and Prisons Archie Parks CJA/204 November 27, 2011 Ross Thompson Jail and Prisons Introduction Prisons and Jails play an intricate part in the criminal justice corrections system. They are responsible for housing and rehabilitating some of the United States most dangerous criminals. This paper will explain the different types of prisons explain prison concepts and discuss why jails are important in the criminal justice system. In addition, prison strategies for dealing with violent behavior and the role parole plays in the strategic handling of inmates. Types of prisons There are four types of prisons within the United States Criminal Justice system. Each of the four types are stated below: 1. Local Prison: Local prisons within the United States criminal justice system are commonly referred to as Jails. Jails are used by cities to detain persons who have been accused of committing a crime while awaiting trial when bail has not been granted or cannot be paid. County Jails can detain prisoners for up to 18 months. 2. State Prisons: State Prisons are prisons who maintained by the state and used to house criminals who have been convicted of violating state statutes. State prisons are maintained and managed utilizing funds from the state budget. 3. Federal Prisons: Federal Prisons are used to house criminals who have been convicted of violating federal laws. Federal prisons are maintained by the Federal Government and are maintained and managed using...
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...ENFORCEMENT ISSUE • Responsibility of Law Enforcement • The impact and ramification • The direction of Law Enforcement IV WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A CORRECTIONAL ISSUE • Correctional facilities a breathing ground for violence • Domestic violence to workplace violence • Introduction of a new program V WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A PRIVATE SECURITY ISSUE • The direction of Professional security • The scope of Professional security • The challenge of Professional security INTRODUCTION Initially, when we consider crime and violence the average American may envision or think of the inner city streets, area populated by “lower class status”, and poor neighborhoods. They may even think of sub cultural conflict, or conflict overseas. Then when asked what causes violence, the average American may consider poverty, racial disparity, ineffective families, substance abuse, and the list goes on. In most cases the average American maybe right, in their estimate of crime and violence. However, we tend to avoid or exclude the issue of crime and violence in the workplace. Workplace violence has become an issue that should be well thought-out, as a major concern or problem, and a contributing force to the overall violence. The textbook explains that, “The latest available data show that each year more than 2 million U.S. residents become victims of violent crimes while they work.” (Text P. 355) In the last several years the rate and severity of workplace...
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...Bad Year in Goodyear The foundation of the Arizona Department of Corrections correctional model is the designation of Arizona State Prison Complexes by security level and prison population. The Arizona State Prison Complex at Perryville, located in Goodyear, Arizona, is one of the ten facilities operated by the Arizona Department of Corrections. Once a men's prison, it was converted in the year 2000 to house women offenders. A score classification system is utilized to assess an inmate's custody level within Perryville and also the level of threat that they may pose to the community, with scores ranging from 1 to 5 (5 being the most serious risk). ASPC-Perryville is a minimum, medium, maximum, and close custody institution, with Lumley Unit housing all female Death Row inmates; maximum security inmates; closed custody inmates; the Women's Treatment Unit (referred to as WTU, it is a substance abuse program that is only offered to a few select women who meet the strict criteria); and Reception and Administration. Referred to as R & A, this is the yard where all inmates are initially housed for anywhere from one to ninety days, and are locked down 23 hours a day. They are then assessed by a counselor (called a CO III, or Correctional Officer III) and classified, and given their release date(s), the first being the inmate's TR. Temporary Release can be earned by participating and completing programs such as SB1291, offered only to those convicted of a drug crime. The second...
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...Unit 9 Assignment Kaplan University HN200: Survey of Social Problems Our correctional system uses multiple approaches to punish criminal offenders depending on the severity of the crime, number of past crimes, and the potential of re-offending. It relies mostly on political clout which is used to shape public opinion and in turn determines what is a crime, and the appropriate punishment for a particular crime. It has rarely used science based methods, though it is beginning to see the benefits of such methodologies and will most likely implement more science base strategies in the years to come. Our current correctional system utilizes five general types of sentencing concepts to enact punishment on offenders, “retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration” (Schmalleger, 2014, p. 341). Each of these represents a different philosophy which stems from a different understanding of human nature. Retribution and incapacitation are the only ones that are truly forms of punishment. Deterrence is a philosophy based on the threat or fear of punishment, and restoration is a goal of sentencing to help make victims “whole again” (Schmalleger, 2014...
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...Corrections Trend Evaluation Tomas Gonzalez CJA / 394 February 4, 2014 Alfredo Cooke Corrections Trend Evaluation In this paper I will evaluate the past, present and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of institutional and community based correction. As part of the evaluation I will identify and analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators today. I will also identify and analyze the role/issue of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. Trends within the criminal justice system continue to influence the development and operations of institutions and community-based corrections. As mandatory sentencing laws can cause an increase in prison population, prison administrators face a daunting task in addressing the issues that overpopulation causes. “Apart from the highest priority of addressing prison population growth, prison managers are often confronted with an array of issues relating to imprisonment practices and their consequences” (Greenfeld, Beck, & Gillard, 1996, p.9). Development and Operations of Institutions The development and operations of institutions appears to operate around two opposing philosophies if punishment versus rehabilitation. The evolution of the development of corrections past, present and future has seen many changes throughout the inception of prisons. In the past the trends for prisons were solitary confinement with little concern for the rehabilitation of inmates. The well-being...
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...Correctional Counseling and Treatment Correctional counseling is a type of counseling that assists criminal offenders in dealing with specific problems their current personality structure lack, so they can make better decisions in the future. Correctional Counselors deal with specific life-adjustment situations, while trying to expand on the underneath "good" personality that already exists. In our correctional system, this type of counseling exists, but is it effective? With news flashes of violence daily, and deadlines burred with murders and violent acts constantly, it is easy to say no. The re-offending rates in our country are among the highest in the world, and several underlying problems exist in offender lifestyles and upbringing that will allow them to be treated. When you read a newspaper or see the news you often encounter stories of violent acts by criminals with long wrap sheets. They have not been helped simply because the correctional system has not been able to deal with the enormous number of offenders, and therefore cannot give them the individual treatment that they would need. This lack of specific counseling allows the offender to go untreated, and commit more criminal acts. Next, some believe that if we want to rehabilitate criminals we must do more than just send them to prison. For instance, we could give them a chance to acquire job skills; which will improve the chances that inmates will become productive citizens upon release...
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...Corrections and Accreditation and Privatization paper Week Six Assignment CJS/230 Denise Sealey November 26, 2011 Axia College 1. Correction accreditation began in 1978 in affiliation with the CAC and ACA. Corrections have given opportunities to evaluate set standards and assists in correcting deficiencies. It measures the compliance with an accepted standard affiliated with the field (Foster, 2006). 2. According to the text correction accreditation is define by as the system of verification that correctional facilities comply with national standards promulgated by the American correctional association (Foster, 2006). 3. Accreditation follows a sequence of steps as follows: 4. 1. Reaccreditation assessment- an evaluation by a company to see how the prospect for accreditation before the formal one. 5. 2. Application status- Contract signed fees are determined 6. 3. Correspondent status- self evaluation report 7. 4. Candidate Status- awaiting an Audit 8. 5. Standard Compliance Audit- Organization is audited for compliance 9. 6. Accreditation Hearing- Formal review of the audit report 10. 7. Accreditation Status- this good for threes 11. 8. Reaccreditation- involves going through an audit and hearing again. 12. 9. The ACA insures that the jails are accredited 13. Professional development consists of Merit hiring meaning based on the candidates academic history will affect the selection process. Training Employees...
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...Mentally Ill and Handicapped in Corrections "Corrections is the variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses" (pg 8). The goals of corrections are fair punishment and community protection. These goals not only define the purpose of corrections but also serve as the criteria by which we evaluate correctional work. "Corrections can be viewed as a series of processes: sentencing, classification, supervision, programming, and revocation" (Clear, Cole, & Reisig, pg. 9). While criminals are being processed, the correctional agencies have to deal with the pressure of public opinion, fiscal constraints, and the law. This may lead to actions not seen best suited for achieving fairness or public protection. "The American corrections system today employs over seven hundred thousand administrators, psychologists, officers, counselors, social workers, and others. The federal government, the 50 states, over three thousand counties, and uncounted municipalities and public and private organizations administer corrections at an average annual cost of over $60 billion" (Clear, Cole, & Reisig, pg.13). Corrections contain many subunits, each have their own functions and responsibilities. These subunits are probation officers, halfway houses, prisons, and others. Theses subunits vary in size, goals, clientele, and organizational structure.They are either administered in institutions...
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...responsibilities. When governments confine people, they assume certain responsibilities toward them, including provision of constitutional living conditions, thus avoiding law suits and court interventions. Other management issues, such as classification, custody, and control, are also a high priority for modern prisons. During the last several decades, there has been a move toward professionalization in—moving from custody to control to care. Achieving scientific, uniform, and successful administration of public punishment through professional development is the goal of the American Correctional Association. In this professionalization effort, issues such prison health care, privatization, and diversity of incarcerated populations are the frequent focus of correctional studies. This Week in Relation to the Course This week, you focus on the functions, policies, and procedures of corrections. There are many critical pretrial functions that are considered a part of the correctional process. Correctional personnel assist in...
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