...A common feeling amongst humans is “fear” which is felt when one feels like someone or something is dangerous. Fear is brought on by the sense of danger which leads people to become more cautious of their every move. This feeling is one African Americans experience not because they are always feeling afraid of something but because of the action of “segregation” setting them apart from the whites.The isolated feeling is done through “discrimination” demonstrated by the whites unjust treatment of African Americans. The ever-present fear that African Americans experience within society has been embedded through generations of segregation and discrimination causing Black people to believe they must hide behind a mask and to believe they must act “twice as good” in order to protect their body. Falling victim to generations of segregation and discrimination, African Americans experience a constant feeling of fear. Baldwin explores the idea of the segregated world in which he lives when he “discovered the weight of white people in the world. [he] saw that this had been for [his] ancestors and now would be for [him] an awful thing to live with and...
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...Forever 21: Dealing with America’s Fear of Aging and Death Margaret Kimble Developmental Psychology 210 Liberty University Abstract Mankind has tried to cheat aging and death by freezing their remains, cosmetic surgery or marrying outside their generation hoping to stay young. However, these attempts are futile and Americans cannot hold back the clock or trick death. The clock is ticking and when it stops I will die and so will you no one knows when. Although there is a great deal of research on aging and death, no one has discovered how to halt the inevitable. It is a scientific and biblical fact that human beings will age and die. All life ends in death. This paper will cover some of the issues regarding, fear of death, and fear of aging. It will also explore if Americans fear death and aging because we have no control over it or we don’t understand it. Fear of aging can be attributed the fear of our health failing; losing our memory, independence and the energy for living our lives to the fullest (Berger, 2001). Fear of death can be attributed to not being able to speak to someone who is still experiencing it. Many fear growing older because of the onslaught of mental deterioration such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease; which are attributed to old age. (Philipchalk, 1994). Fear of aging and death is caused by America’s negative concept; it is the natural progression of life. In Strongman’s research he found that a dominant aspect of aging is death...
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...When the there is a major problem, the world loses its ability to judge if it's right or wrong. There is panic and fear among the people. Fear is a strong emotion and can lead people to do things that’s not right. Just like in the Salem trials there were many innocent that died. During this time everyone was afraid. This led people to falsely accuse someone else to save their own lives. This same fear grows and grows throughout the people. Just like during the Salem trials, today there is fear of many things. One of them is fear of illegal immigrants. Why so many people afraid of this is because there is a group that feeds the fear for their own benefit. Both in Salem and today fear has led to many wrong doings. Most people hear what they want...
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...Fear, a complex concept, is the driving factor of everyday life. Fear determines how a person acts, their impressions, their style and many other simple choices they make on an everyday basis. Fear challenges a person to achieve the impossible and, but more importantly, it keeps them alive. A simple fear, like crossing the road, keeps people from running out into the world and being crushed so badly they will never recover. It is fear that protects life, but on the other hand, it could also ruin life. To find a balance between legitimate fear and unreasonable fear is a constant struggle. Fear is a misunderstood idea in the lives of Americans; it should provide a life worth living not shut it down. Terrorism is a fear that is often misrepresented. It is just the fear of people who are inhumane and find happiness in creating fear. Foreign terrorists, like Isis, are the most feared type, but they should not be. Only one in 110 million people die from terrorism (Source A). While this number seems so unrealistic, the truth is that foreign terrorism is not what Americans should...
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...All dying experiences are unique and influenced by many factors, such as the cause of death, length of the process, and beliefs of the person. Each patient understands death from his or her own point of view. Two patients with the exact same diagnosis will each comprehend their dying process differently. Whether it is age, gender, race, religion, the way he/she was raised, all people will uniquely experience the dying process. It is hard to quantify death because of this. First, we need to begin with definition of a critical word. Death anxiety is one found in almost every text describing the dying process. According to the Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, death anxiety refers to the “fear and anxiety related to the anticipation, and awareness, of dying, death, and nonexistence. It can vary according to the person’s stage of development and sociocultural life experiences” (Gellman, 2013). This one definition already shows that there is going to be relationships between the dying process and age, gender, and different races. Effects of Gender on the Dying Process The connection of gender to the dying process is fairly inconsistent. Some reports state that there is no difference in gender relationship to death and the quality of the dying process (Venegas and Alvarado,...
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...limitations in treatment of anxiety disorders. This paper will also show what this clinician has learned and will take forward into the daily practice of treating adolescents with anxiety disorders. Keywords: anxiety, anxiety disorders, DSM-5, treatment Introduction When we talk about anxiety we have to distinguish between healthy anxiety or normal anxiety and anxiety disorders. It is normal to have a certain amount of anxiety for instance when one is in danger it is normal to become anxious. To have an anxiety disorder your anxiety would have to interfere with your life in a negative way. Anxiety and fear are associate with the disorder and both need to be understood. Anxiety is defined as apprehension over an anticipated problem, fear is defined as a reaction to immediate danger (Kring, p. 173). In the sympathetic nervous system anxiety creates a moderate arousal and fear can create a high arousal. Both there arousals can be moderate to severe where it impacts the quality of live....
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...when faced with a problem at work, before taking a test, or making an important decision. Anxiety disorders, however, are different. They can cause such distress that it interferes with a person's ability to lead a normal life. An anxiety disorder is a serious mental illness. For people with anxiety disorders, worry and fear are constant and overwhelming, and can be crippling. Phobias -- See What Makes Some People Afraid What Are the Types of Anxiety Disorders? There are several recognized types of anxiety disorders, including: • Panic disorder : People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of a panic attack include sweating, chest pain, palpitations (irregular heartbeats), and a feeling of choking, which may make the person feel like he or she is having a heart attack or "going crazy." • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) : People with OCD are plagued by constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain rituals or routines. The disturbing thoughts are called obsessions, and the rituals are called compulsions. An example is a person with an unreasonable fear of germs who constantly washes his or her hands. • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) : PTSD is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and/or terrifying event, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, or a natural disaster. People with PTSD often have lasting and frightening...
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...can cause great injury or even death if bitten by them. Coincidentally many people are fearful of spiders, which often time disables them with fear in the presence of this animal. Many people live their entire lives with the fear of spiders. This paper will discuss how these people can learn through exposure therapy to extinct their fear of spiders. Personally I am not afraid of spiders; however, my four-year-old daughter screams and runs out of the room at the sight of a crawling spider. Although the spider she is afraid of is not harmful, her mom, as a precaution has taught her that spiders are bad. Additionally, I believe that others like my daughter have been taught by someone close to them at a young age to be fearful of spiders because they are poisonous, and unattractive. There is evidence that offspring of a phobic individual are at greater risk for developing the same specific phobia subtype because children tend to mirror their parents’ tendencies and fears King, Muris (2004). According to the DSM-IV-TR American Psychiatric Association DBM-IV-TR, (2000), a specific phobia is characterized by clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific feared object or situation. Exposure to the feared stimulus invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response that may take the form of a panic attack. Because of the fear of the specific object or situation, people with specific phobias tend to exhibit avoidance behavior or endure situations with relative distress...
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...Aquaphobia Fear of Water | Isis N’tara Aidid Solomon | A paper looking into the causes, symptoms, and treatment for the fear of water. | | We’re all afraid of something in life whether that is a fear of spiders, fear of the ghosts, and even in some extreme instances a fear of pickles. One of the most common fears is Aquaphobia which is defined as a social phobia that is a persistent, unwarranted, and irrational fear of water. This fear is not to be confused with Hydrophobia which represents the fear of water developed in later stages of Rabies (Olesen, 2015). Nearly 19.2 million Americans suffer from specific phobias such as Aquaphobia. Those who suffer from this phobia see themselves dying in water, drowning, or believe that they will come face to face with something unforeseen in the water that could lead to their demise. The fear of drowning is a common sensible fear; however it becomes something more once the person feels an overwhelming sense of anxiety around all bodies of water like oceans and bathtubs. To better understand this phobia we must look at the causes, symptoms, and treatments. Aquaphobia like many other phobias can be caused by an initial traumatic incident that has happened to a person. This can include a time where someone almost drowned or fallen into a body of water. For example if one were pushed into a body of water when they were not expecting it this could be considered as a traumatic experience for them that could lead to an...
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...an individual learns through a reward system. It is more or less association made between behavior and consequence of that behavior. Phobias and addictions develop through these two types of conditioning. Phobias develop through classical conditioning and addictions through operant conditioning. Through the past decades, psychologists studied these two relationships to develop a more understanding of these emotional disorders. Phobias and addictions are negative behaviors and usually come from classical conditioning or operant conditioning. Phobias happen out of a fear of something and addictions happen because an individual becomes controlled by an activity or habit. People react to fears and habits in different ways. What one-person fears, another does not. The same goes for habits or addictions. What one person may enjoy enough to become addicted, another person can walk away from it. Every person handles fears and addictions in very...
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...Anxiety is a term for more than several disorders, such as fear, apprehension, nervousness coupled with constant worrying, neuroticism so to speak. Experts consider these disorders severe to say the least because it interferes with a person’s ability to sleep, affects how a person may feel, behave, as well as a host of physiological problems, which are directly related to stress, and other mental issues. Anxiety varies from person to person ranging from anxiety over every day events and panic disorders, which include physical symptoms. Anxiety is a common problem with a stigma that for many causes them to refuse help. However, knowledge is power and understanding anxiety along with the various types of treatments is a key resource to battling this dilemma. In addition, how one’s support system plays a role in helping loved ones live a healthy life is also a major art of battling anxiety. The number of Americans suffering the effects of various anxiety disorders is over 40 million. One of the biggest problems concerning all mental illness is the lack of desire or willingness for those who suffer to seek help. In cases involving anxiety, this is especially disheartening as most anxiety disorders are highly treatable. Surprisingly only one third of the 40 million will actively seek help of any kind. One of the common symptoms of anxiety related disorders is feelings of fear and uncertainty these experiences are possible factors in why seeking help is so difficult. The...
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...operant conditioning and what extinction means and how it is achieved using both conditioning’s. Phobias Definition Before speaking of phobias one should understand the definition of the word phobia the definition from the text book Psychology (6th ed.) it states “an irrational fear of a specific object or situation” Kowalski, R. & Westen, D. (2014). Another definition from the Encyclopaedia Britannica Online also states that it is classified as an anxiety disorder (2014). Many phobias are believed to be learned emotional reactions that can occur when a fear is exhibited via a tragic situation or an alarming event. This in turn can be conveyed to similar events and can resurface as if they are feeling it for the first time. There are many phobias that exist; some examples are claustrophobia, arachnophobia, and acrophobia. Types Many different types of phobias exist ranging from ablutophobia which is the fear of washing or bathing, to zoophobia which is the fear of animals. The Change That's Right Now (nd) website names types of phobias you can review, the list ranges from A to Z. According to Encyclopedea Britannica Online (2014), “hundreds of words have been coined to specify the nature of the fear by...
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...“SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD” ASSIGNMENT Takeshia Lashay Knox Bevill State Community College American Literature I July 22, 2013 In the sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” Jonathan Edwards, with a contemptuous attitude, attempts to provoke a religious battle in the Puritan communities of colonial America using the very powerful motivator of fear. He installs the fear of God within the hearts of unconverted people within the church. Edwards reach out to his audience emotionally unstable with the terrifying body of his sermon it allows his conclusion of salvation to be the solution of the entire unconverted congregation. Early on in the sermon, Edwards reveals his target audience all unconverted men but never directly refer to them using words like, “they” and “them”. Those types of people would know that Edwards was referring to them but they maybe wouldn’t feel like the guilty party in the situation. After building up to the point of a threat against those who have not been transformed suddenly Edwards changes the “they” and “them” for the words “you” and “your” He is now directly targeting his audience, exposing them to a direct blame throwing them up in the air, making sure that they feel guilty for living another day. After breaking his audience, throwing them into emotionally by destroying all hope of escaping eternal damnation then opens an escape hatch allowing the emotional distorted people to walk directly into what he wanted. Throughout...
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...(1989), the need for “terror management” is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mystical transcendence, TMT can provide explanations for a variety of human behaviors and relate them to the basic reason of why humans protect themselves from mortality awareness (Magdalena Smieja et al., 2006). The actuality that we are all going to die, one of the only certainties in life, is an on-going source of existential anguish for humans. This anguish stems from our desire to preserve life and the awareness of this impossibility. Since we cannot resolve this paradox, we use culture as protection from the fear of death. By complying with the cultural worldview that our world is safe, balanced and constant, our sense of meaning enhances and our feelings of security and self-esteem...
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...“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF SOCIAL PHOBIA AMONG THE ADOLESCENT IN SELECTED COLLEGE AT TUMKUR WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP A HEALTH EDUCATION MODULE .” PERFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DESERTATION MR.PRAVIN RAMESH GHOLAP. PSYCHIARIC NURSING ARUNA COLLEGE OF NURSING RING ROAD, TUMKUR 2009-2010 RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA. PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION 1.NAME OF THE CANDIDATE: MR. PRAVIN RAMESH GHOLAP. AND ADDRESS ARUNA COLLEGE OF NURSING RING ROAD, MARALUR TUMKUR-572105 2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION: ARUNA COLLEGE OF NURSING RING ROAD, MARALUR TUMKUR-572105 KARNATAKA 3. COURSE OF STUDY : 1 YEAR M.Sc. NURSING AND SUBJECT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 4. DATE OF ADMISSION : 10.06.2009. TO COURSE 5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC : “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF SOCIAL PHOBIA AMONG...
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