...Blacks World Spotlight: on the International Stage in the 1920s During World War I the United States bought nearly 200,000 African-American soldiers to France. Majority of the African American soldiers were from the southern region of the United States of America. Many Blacks stayed after the war, generating a permanent Black population in France. The ending of the First World War also marked the beginning of the New Negro Movement or Harlem Renaissance in the United States. During this time African Americans emerged as talented, creative intellectuals leaving their footprint on 1920s America. While much focus of the New Negro Movement is centered in the United States, it indeed was an international affair. The purpose of this research is to examine how a number of African Americans launched their creative debut from the international stage of Paris, France. Additional focus will center on black artists turning to Africa as a source and facture in the art. Last but not least, the effort of Author Schomburg to collect and house international works about blacks will be addressed. Utterly intrigued by African Americans and thoroughly consumed with their talents, the French displayed a respect for Blacks unseen in the United States. While a great number of African-American soldiers remain in Paris, many journeyed back to the United States. Those soldiers certainly were not greeted by change. The United States remained the same racially tensed nation. If there was any change, it...
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...The life of the American Expatriates in Paris in the 1920’s according to Hemingway’s Memoir “A Moveable Feast” “If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast,”- with these words Hemingway starts his memoir. The writer himself was “lucky enough” to spend seven years of his youth in the European center of culture and entertainment of the Jazz Age. Throughout the literary works of Hemingway it can be observed that Paris had a special place in his heart. He adopts Paris as a setting not only in “A Moveable Feast” but also in “The Sun Also Rises” and “Midnight in Paris.” But what makes “A Moveable Feast” stand out from many other works written by Hemingway is that it is a memoir, thus, the characters are real people and the events are actual as well. However, “various critics have pointed out that “A Moveable Feast” contains serious factual errors." Though, the most of the factual errors are about the workplaces of the characters, for instance the one of Walsh, and do not significantly influence the understanding of life flows of the memoir’s main characters. Hemingway along with other expatriates viewed Paris as a place where he could find a market for his literary works. “Many Americans who settled in Paris [believed] their native land was a cultural sink.” Those who caught the drama of the World War I and the time of...
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...the North American Diasporas.”[1] Racism still plagues the veins of America today. Whether it is positive or negative racism is to be decided. There are examples of positive racism such as: Affirmative action and following a role model of the same race. Traces of negative racism still exist within groups such as the KKK for example. Our group has mostly examined racism against African and African Americans. We believe the term “African”, in it self, is racist. Do you see anyone calling a white American, a European American? The answer is no. Why can’t we call the group labeled African Americans, Americans? When our group goes to a TCU football game, we cheer for the team as a whole. At TCU a black football player is called a football player. A white football player is also called a football player. If a sport as simple as football can get past discrimination of white and black, how come America cannot? People like Johnny Lee Clary, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela are great examples of attempts to over come black racism. Peter J. Paris makes many great points in his book Virtues and Values: the African and African American Experience. Paris uses leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Jr. to empahsis that troughout the hard times, African virtues and values stood strong. The virtues and values Paris hit mostly on were: Beneficence, Forbearance, Practical Wisdom, Improvisation, Forgiveness, Justice, and Public and Private Ethics. Paris uses many...
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...regards to Aaron Copland the composer and his connection to defining the American sound in his musical works. Some of the literature used for this paper will include biographical information, analytical, and comprehensive material on the subject. Those sources will help this study argue against common belief in regards to American music being define through Aaron Copland's music. Although there are many sources used for this study the following represent the sources most critical for this study. Some of the sources that are more biographical in nature such as “Composer from the Brooklyn: An Autobiographical Sketch,” will allow this paper to shape the parameters of its argument by placing Copland in Paris and establishing the effects of him living and studying there. Copland said, “It was a fortunate time to be studying music in France. All the pent-up energies of the...
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...Half in Paris Written by Wenhua Wang Translated by Hans Duan New York and Paris, as most of clichés, one for realism, the other for impressionism. In the first half of our life, like a football match, we try our best to run, but the second half, we might stop and think. The first half is realism and the second is impressionism. I had this feeling because I experienced different cities in my different periods… The world will keep running without me but what I could have without myself? New York and Paris represent the two sides of my life. New York is the daytime and Paris is the night. New York is the first half and Paris is the second. Before I was 35, I was sure that the greatest city in this world is New York. I finished my master in California and could not wait to go to New York to work. It has been 5 years that I thought I was in heaven. I loved New York like many other people: it is the centre of culture since 20th century, convenient and abundant. I could cross the time and space with taxis and metros. One can see the newest, oldest, best and worst things in New York. Therefore, when I was in New York, I took every second to feel it. In the daytime, I worked for a bank, 10 hours per day. In the nighttime, I went to NYU to learn about movies, nearly 4 hours each time. The life seemed to be quite meaningful in my 20s. To live means to squeeze you. I turned over the city where I lived. This kind of idea was not just for New York. I had this American life ever...
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...Profile 2006 1952 Parks & Resort 1923 Walt Disney Company 11 theme parks (California, Florida, Tokyo,Paris, HK), 35 Resort Hotel, 2 Cruise Company Profile • 1992: Eurodisney in France • Strategy: transplant an American-style park to Europe • Choice: Barcelona vs Paris • American management style • French indignation: cultural imperialism Concept Generation Images, products and experiences that epitomized fun, imagination and service through the ‘magic’ of legendary fairytale and story characters. Concept Screening (Design Funnel) Original American Style Disneyland Different culture between Americans and Europeans More European Disney Design Funnel Tokyo Disneyland proven big sucess A B D C F Feasibility E Good Finance, Bank willing to give loan and Government will give incentives Fun and Imaginative C B E F Acceptability 85% of French people welcoming Good Financial Return B F B Vulnerability Full consequences of adopting the option? Downside risk? Original American Disneyland Location Decisions Supply-side factors: - The Channel Tunnel was due to open in 1994 - Financial incentives from government - French government prepared to expropriate land from local farmers - Critics from French intellectual elite - Demand-side factors: Labour skill standard Paris is highly attractive vacation destination Suitable site available just outside Paris 85% of French people would welcome a Disney park MAINTAINING SAFETY PROCESS MAPPING 1. What markets...
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...Texts in advertisements for the performing arts often use rhetorical strategies to allude to certain elements of productions and appeal to specific target audiences. The official Gershwin website rightly calls the Gershwin brothers the “songwriting team whose voice was synonymous with the sounds and style of the Jazz Age” ("The Gershwin Brothers"). George Gershwin, praised by Encyclopedia Britannica as one of the “most significant and popular American composers of all time,” rivalling Copland and Ives, is famous for both his musical virtuosity and compositions, especially Rhapsody in Blue and An American in Paris (“George Gershwin”). Ira Gershwin was famed for his “glib, witty lyrics” and his meticulous efforts as a songwriter, earning him...
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...Tourist Studies http://tou.sagepub.com/ Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris Yun-An Olivia Dung and Stijn Reijnders Tourist Studies 2013 13: 287 originally published online 30 August 2013 DOI: 10.1177/1468797613498164 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tou.sagepub.com/content/13/3/287 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Tourist Studies can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tou.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tou.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://tou.sagepub.com/content/13/3/287.refs.html >> Version of Record - Nov 18, 2013 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 30, 2013 What is This? Downloaded from tou.sagepub.com at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University on January 5, 2014 498164 2013 TOU13310.1177/1468797613498164Tourist StudiesDung and Reijnders ts Article Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris Yun-An Olivia Dung Stijn Reijnders Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands Tourist Studies 13(3) 287–303 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1468797613498164 tou.sagepub.com Leiden University, The Netherlands Abstract This article examines from a European-Asian perspective the relationship between media representations and the tourist’s imagination...
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...cares of the real world through the "magic" of legendary fairytale and familiar Disney characters. The market targeted families and children and the company had already built a popular brand that was associated with wholesome family entertainment. 2) Was Disney's choice of the Paris site a mistake? Yes, the choice of the Paris site was a mistake because the lifestyle, culture and ideas of Paris were very different from the culture of the Americans which caused many of the people of Paris to be in opposition with one critic referring to it as "a horror made of cardboard, plastic, and appalling colors...taken straight out of comic book written for obese Americans". The site initially seemed ideal because of the location could provide access to millions of people. Paris was a highly attractive destination and Europeans generally take more vacation time than Americans. Disney however did not anticipate the backlash they faced due to significant cultural differences such as eating behaviors were different, French visitors were highly intolerant of long lines, Disney's grooming standards for employees were deemed too strict and excessive by the French and were met with protest and the area that Disneyland Paris was built did not have sufficient housing for employees which caused Disney to have to build its own apartments and rent rooms in local homes. 3) What aspects of their parks design did Disney change when it constructed Euro Disney? Disney changed certain aspects of their designs...
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...to emerge and change the way art was viewed. Henry Ossawa Tanner was a ground breaking artist for many reasons. As one of the first African American artist Henry was able to open the door for many more painters like him. Tanner contributed to the realist art movement and added a flair that was never seen before. He is considered the most distinguished African American artist of his time. Henry Ossawa Tanner was born June 21, 1859 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He was the son of a minister named Benjamin Tucker and a school teacher Sarah Miller Tanner. He was the oldest of their nine children. As a young boy Tanner and his family moved to Philadelphia where he grew up. Both of Tanners parents were considered educated and felt strongly about educating their children. Tanners’ father even obtained a college degree. Tanners parents made sure he was able to go to a good school as a child. He attended the Robert Vaux School. This was an all-black institution that offered Tanner a liberal arts curriculum. By the age of...
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...to Cuba. The second is to cede Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S. Lastly, the third point is to cede the Philippines to the U.S in exchange for 20 million dollars.( The Spanish-American War and Its Consequences) Under that treaty all of those countries became under the possession of America making the U.S a colonial empire. But, in order for the Treaty of Paris to take effect, the senate would need to ratify it by a 2/3 vote which then prompted an aggressive debate over imperialism. (The Treaty of Paris)As many Americans strongly imposed creating an American empire, more supported it. Not only did the Treaty debate rage in senate but all across the country. Head opponents were members of the Anti-imperialists league, which is an organization created to oppose the establishment of U.S colonies. Members of the league were extremely diverse, it ranged from Samuel Gompers to multi-millionaire Andrew Carnegie, Jane Adams and Mark Twain. They all agreed imperialism violated the countries founding principles of freedom and democracy. As the League once said “We hold that policy known as imperialism is hostile to Liberty… We insist that the subjugation of any people is ‘criminal aggression’ and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government.” On the other hand the supporters of the Treaty of Paris included many prominent political leaders, like President William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. Included in a Letter addressed to Theodore Roosevelt...
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...CASE 21 The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney*—Things Are Better Now at Disneyland Resort Paris BONJOUR, MICKEY! In April 1992, EuroDisney SCA opened its doors to European visitors. Located by the river Marne some 20 miles east of Paris, it was designed to be the biggest and most lavish theme park that Walt Disney Company (Disney) had built to date—bigger than Disneyland in Anaheim, California; Disneyworld in Orlando, Florida; and Tokyo Disneyland in Japan. Much to Disney management’s surprise, Europeans failed to “go goofy” over Mickey, unlike their Japanese counterparts. Between 1990 and early 1992, some 14 million people had visited Tokyo Disneyland, with three-quarters being repeat visitors. A family of four staying overnight at a nearby hotel would easily spend $600 on a visit to the park. In contrast, at EuroDisney, families were reluctant to spend the $280 a day needed to enjoy the attractions of the park, including les hamburgers and les milkshakes. Staying overnight was out of the question for many because hotel rooms were so high priced. For example, prices ranged from $110 to $380 a night at the Newport Bay Club, the largest of EuroDisney’s six new hotels and one of the biggest in Europe. In comparison, a room in a top hotel in Paris cost between $340 and $380 a night. Financial losses became so massive at EuroDisney that the president had to structure a rescue package to put EuroDisney back on firm financial ground. Many French bankers questioned the initial financing...
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...cares of the real world through the "magic" of legendary fairytale and familiar Disney characters. The market targeted families and children and the company had already built a popular brand that was associated with wholesome family entertainment. 2) Was Disney's choice of the Paris site a mistake? Yes, the choice of the Paris site was a mistake because the lifestyle, culture and ideas of Paris were very different from the culture of the Americans which caused many of the people of Paris to be in opposition with one critic referring to it as "a horror made of cardboard, plastic, and appalling colors...taken straight out of comic book written for obese Americans". The site initially seemed ideal because of the location could provide access to millions of people. Paris was a highly attractive destination and Europeans generally take more vacation time than Americans. Disney however did not anticipate the backlash they faced due to significant cultural differences such as eating behaviors were different, French visitors were highly intolerant of long lines, Disney's grooming standards for employees were deemed too strict and excessive by the French and were met with protest and the area that Disneyland Paris was built did not have sufficient housing for employees which caused Disney to have to build its own apartments and rent rooms in local homes. 3) What aspects of their parks design did Disney change when it constructed Euro Disney? Disney changed certain aspects of their designs...
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...CASE 21 The Not-So-Wonderful World of BONJOUR, MICKEY! In April 1992, EuroDisney SCA opened its doors to European visitors. Located by the river Marne some 20 miles east of Paris, it was designed to be the biggest and most lavish theme park that Walt Disney Company (Disney) had built to date—bigger than Disneyland in Anaheim, California; Disneyworld in Orlando, Florida; and Tokyo Disneyland in Japan. Much to Disney management’s surprise, Europeans failed to “go goofy” over Mickey, unlike their Japanese counterparts. Between 1990 and early 1992, some 14 million people had visited Tokyo Disneyland, with three-quarters being repeat visitors. A family of four staying overnight at a nearby hotel would easily spend $600 on a visit to the park. In contrast, at EuroDisney, families were reluctant to spend the $280 a day needed to enjoy the attractions of the park, including les hamburgers and les milkshakes. Staying overnight was out of the question for many because hotel rooms were so high priced. For example, prices ranged from $110 to $380 a night at the Newport Bay Club, the largest of EuroDisney’s six new hotels and one of the biggest in Europe. In comparison, a room in a top hotel in Paris cost between $340 and $380 a night. Financial losses became so massive at EuroDisney that the president had to structure a rescue package to put EuroDisney back on firm financial ground. Many French bankers questioned the initial financing, but the Disney response was that their views reflected...
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...Josephine Baker is a dynamic revolutionary performer, movie star, fashion icon, hero of the French Resistance, humanitarian, and a mother of twelve adopted children of various ethnicities. And importantly she is a legacy of imagery and symbolism. From the start, the African American Josephine Baker, was a survivor. Far from the glitter and gaiety that characterized her beloved Paris, Baker’s beginnings were harsh and difficult. Born in the slums of St. Louis, Missouri in 1906, she grew up sleeping in cardboard shelters and scavenging for food in garbage cans. At the age of eight Baker was hired out to a white woman as a maid. She was forced to sleep in the coal cellar with a pet dog and was scalded on the hands when she used too much soap in laundry. She also witnessed the cruel East St. Louis race riot of 1917. She left school early for her age and was performing professionally at the age of thirteen. She left her parents’ house and got a job as a waitress until she encountered a group of performers called the Jones Family Band, that led her to her first stage debut at the Booker T. Washington Theatre, a black vaudeville house in St. Louis. By the age of eighteen, she was out of Missouri, had been discovered in New York and was performing with numerous troupes in various stage productions. She performed on Broadway in 1922, Shuffle Along and appeared as a star by 1924 in Chocolate Dandies. For a city that was bursting with spirit and rhythm of jazz, Baker was a perfect match...
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