...According to the Ethics of Advocacy by Charles P. Curtis, lawyers devote their lives and careers in handling other people’s problems. By distinguishing the process between truth and justice, justice plays a bigger portion in the legal system when truth only plays a segment. It helps me understand that the American Legal System is best described as a fight process over a truth process. It is all about saving the client and their legal right no matter of the client status. Like the law states, you are innocent until proven guilty meaning no matter what the plea turned out to be, the client has to be proven guilty with the facts collected out of a case trial. The lawyer’s job is to detach his personality from the actual problem and fight for the...
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...Image a young boy out on the streets.That young boy decides to steal from a nearby store.He gets caught but what now? Should this young boy go to jail or go to Circle Justice? Some people will say that he should go to jail while others say he shouldn’t. If the boy went to jail he would have to serve his trum in there and at a young age that is not good. The American Justice System is not fair because the result of jail can lead to dangerous things,schools are changing, and how people change in Circle Justice. The first reason The American Justice System is not fair because of the results lying in jail. In “Restorative Justice and a Better Future,”by John Braithwaite it says, “his drug habit for the next 20 years.” This is good information because it decide how jail had effected a teenagr and...
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...Is the justice system in America biased against African Americans? I honestly think that the justice system in America is racially biased. The way society is today tells us that it’s racially biased because you have more African American people getting killed and more going to jail more than the whites. Some people may not see anything wrong with this but some of us do. People of the world, it’s time to open our eyes. Think back to the Trayvon Martin case when Zimmerman shot him. Zimmerman went to court and didn’t go to jail. What about the Kendrick Johnson case when he got rolled up in a mat and was killed? Young white man were responsible for that doing and not one thing happened to them. People can’t be killing other innocent people and...
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...Introduction With practices aimed at reducing discrimination such as affirmative action, the argument has been made that racial discrimination is no longer a pressing issue in American society.[1] It has further been argued that the Constitution protects all citizens, and race has no weight in the American criminal justice system.[2] While the United States Constitution guarantees equal treatment of all citizens, regardless of race, racism still exists in the American law enforcement and criminal justice systems. In this era with the end of official institutional racism, there has been a corresponding shift from de jure racism to a de facto racism where members of minority groups, especially African Americans, are subject to unequal protection of the laws and excessive in the American criminal justice system, particularly in drug law enforcement.[3] Drug law enforcement is far more discretionary than for other offenses. It is for the police to decide when and where they will seek to make drug arrests, and what priority they will place on enforcing drug laws.[4] Since the war on drugs began in the 1980s, two general trends have been identified. First, there has been a substantial increasing in the number of drug arrests overall; and second, black males have constituted an increasing proportion of these arrests.[5] Based on this evidence, it would be natural to assume that the number of arrests is proportional to the crime rate – that blacks began using drugs in...
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...Crime statistics and incarceration rates reveal that young African American men are prosecuted and imprisoned at higher rates than their Non-Hispanic White counterparts. Although the total number of incarcerations by race does not vary significantly, the age of prisoners by race is meaningful. In December 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice statistics for sentenced male prisoners under state and federal jurisdiction totaled 1,537,415. Broken down by race, African American lacks totaled 555,300 prisoners with Whites totaling 465,100 and Hispanics 331,500. As the assignment scenario noted, in 2003 there was disparity between the incarceration rates for males aged 25-29 among races. As of 2011, rates for the same age group do not show as wide of a gap. In 2011, White males ages 25 to 29 comprised 14.4 percent of incarcerated males compared to 16.5 percent African American lacks and 18.8 percent Hispanics. The statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice for 2011 show that, “More than half (52%) of white male prisoners were age 39 or younger, compared to 63% of black and 68% of Hispanic male prisoners.” There remains disparity when age is factored into the incarceration rates with eleven percent more Blacks and sixteen percent more Hispanics incarcerated than Whites for those 39 and younger. In addition, one must consider that African Americans have higher rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration when they total a minority number in the population. When evaluating...
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...To the Editor: You might think the American justice system should be exactly that, just. However that is not always the case in the USA today. African-American people are regurlarly being discriminated by the state somply because of their descent. In recent years it has been shown time and time again that the American judges and juries are not as blind to your heritage and your social status as one might have hoped. If you are a poor african american you are more likely to be convicted of a fellony than if you are white and wealthy. You are also more likely to get a tougher sentance even if you both commited the exact same crime. According to the U.S department of justice, black people are being imprisoned at twice the rate of white people. However, this problem is not merely confined to our courtrooms. These racist views can also be found out on the streets. African-Americans are stopped by poliece more often than a person of a differnt descent and the police are also more inclined to use violence against you. More and more stories about police shootings of unarmed African-Americans have surfaced during the last couple of years. Take for example the Ferguson shooting were an 18 year old black man was shot despite not carrying any weapon and having surrendered. This is probably...
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...There is no denial that the criminal justice system in failing the African-American community, or handing them stricter punishments than needed. Glenn C. Loury revealed in his article An American Tragedy: The legacy of slavery lingers in our cities' ghettos that “Nor do serious people deny that the crime, drug addiction, family breakdown, unemployment, poor school performance, welfare dependency, and general decay in these communities” (1998). Recently the organizations and campaigns of “Black Lives Matter” has advocated for the deaths of Sandra Bland, Mike Brown, Laquan McDonald, and various other lives that have been taken by police officials who have not been penalized. These individuals did not even make it to court to receive a hearing....
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...Are African American Males Victims of the Criminal Justice System? Institution Tutor Name Date Table of Contents Chapter One 3 Chapter One Introduction The United States of America is credited to have the largest criminal justice framework globally, as at 2011, seven million people were under various programs within correctional facilities and programs. Among these people, 2.2 million were incarcerated in federal, state as well as local correctional facilities. Such incarceration rates dwarf the rates of all other countries globally. However, its magnitude is not void of challenges. The criminal Justice System is ailing form a vast array of challenges. Of importance to us with regard to this context is racial disproportionality within the criminal Justice system. By definition, racism is the perception that inherent differences between various racial groups consequently lead to the superiority of certain races and discrimination of other groups. This is the perception that great men such as Booker. T. Washington, as well as Martin Luther King, fought against during the 1960’s in a bid to end racism. For years these men under the African- American Civil Rights movement advocated for equality for all leading to the ‘end’ of racist perceptions. Today, the belief that their efforts halted racism stands to be questioned, on further examination of this subject it is eminent that racism is still existent in the twenty- first century. Racism has simply found ways...
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...United States Justice System in the 1960s “The American Negro never can be blamed for his racial animosities - he is only reacting to 400 years of the conscious racism of the American Whites.”- (Malcolm X). This quote describes the African- Americans in the 1960s. African-Americans were treated unfairly for centuries due to the Jim Crow laws and slavery. As a result, the African Americans had, enough of the way they were treated and fought back, by using physical and silent protests. The main reason behind the racism thrown at the African Americans was because of the people in the South, who had their property, “African-Americans,” taken away from their plantations and household; thus, the people in the South have been outrageous...
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...Aunque desde el siglo XVI el teólogo español Francisco Suárez había preconizado una visión de la comunidad humana dirigida por el Derecho Internacional Público, al decir: “La razón de ser del Derecho de Gentes obedece a que el género humano, aún divido en naciones y reinos diferentes tiene sin embargo, cierta unidad, no solo específica, sino también política y moral” … (y agregaba), “jamás estas comunidades pueden separadamente bastarse a sí mismas, por eso tienen necesidad de algún derecho que las dirija en esta clase de relaciones y de sociedad” …sin embargo, tal concepción que en nuestro tiempo tiene plena aceptación, no fue desgraciadamente la que determinó al acontecer internacional de su época, ni el de los años posteriores a la misma. Al jurista holandés del siglo XVII, Hugo Grocio, cupo el honor de señalar los lineamientos que, a partir de entonces y por varios siglos seguiría la ciencia que regula las relaciones internacionales, influyendo de manera determinante, desde entonces, en las concepciones jurídicas y filosóficas teorizantes y en las actuaciones positivas y prácticas que se plasmaron en múltiples tratados, convenciones y acuerdos suscritos entre las diferentes naciones, Estados o potencias que actuaron impulsados por la necesidad de coexistencia, sobrevivencia, o por la simple voluntad, dentro de aquel acontecer encausado cada vez más por la naciente ciencia del Derecho Internacional Público. El concepto de soberanía absoluta de los Estados fue impuesto...
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...Personal Views on Justice and Ethics What influences the decisions we make? What foundation do we set to govern our choices? These questions surface when looking at the impact personal views have on the decisions made in our society. Many people find that their personal views are formed at an early age and shaped by environment. Views of justice and injustice are individualized across the human population, however there is usually a common, shared idea of justice at a community setting. For example, cultural groups may share a common view towards criminal punishment. It is through these shared ideas that our personal views start to develop with a base. It then becomes a personal journey to expand on this base and to form individualized and critical views on what is believed to be justice, injustice, right, or wrong. My views have been shaped mainly on environmental aspects, which include: family, upbringing, social class, religious affiliation, education, social norms of my generation, and taking bits and pieces of other views from those who I respect. As with many others, my personal views of justice started to develop at an early age with my family and environment. Family plays such a vital role in forming an individual in numerous aspects, especially from a psychological point of view. In fact, psychologist Erik Erikson formulated his psychosocial theory and stages on the conflicts a person experiences in his or her environment and its influences on human development. Keeping...
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...as arbitration agreements can also be made by private persons. The constitution, both written and unwritten plays a major role in the formulation of laws. The law plays a key responsibility in shaping economics, politics, as well as the society in different ways.[2] It also acts as a go-between of individuals’ relationships. Considering that law is connected with the political, economic, and societal worlds, it is regularly involved while pursuing social change. Social change is defined as the modifications in the manner in which individuals work, educate and oversee their children, raise their family, and search for life’s meaning.[3] In my opinion I agree to this statement that in considering the various applications and principles of justice, it can be said that the law, at its best, operates as an agent of change and, at its worst, serves as an instrument of coercion by social elites in society. For several decades, the society and law philosophers have strived hard with the aim of explicating the association between law and social change. The attempts have been made in the milieu of developing legal institutions. In this case, law is perceived as a dependent and independent variable influencing a society. The mutual dependence of law and social systems in a society are also stressed by philosophers. Individuals’ moral attitudes as well as their...
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...protests and demonstrations for civil rights as well. King responds to the white ministers in his letter and describes why civil disobedience must occur. He is discouraged by the white ministers who continually tell him that his protests are untimely. Additionally, negotiations were made with merchants to remove humiliating racial signs from stores. As stated by King, “As the weeks and months went by, we realized that we were the victims of a broken promise” (2). The merchants failed to take down the signs and the lack of integrity finally caused King to take non-violent direct action. King desired to end segregation and racial injustice, but the white ministers were obstinate. Therefore, King had to demand freedom and equality for African Americans in his...
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... Meanwhile, in Virginia, a beautiful young Native American woman named Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan. The type of painting is made of oil canvas. The painting shows a lot of hate and love. I believe that the subject of the painting is justice and mercy because on the top of the painting is the king of the tribe. He shows leadership, order, and power. His people around him look up to him seeking wisdom and leadership. The king wants to punish the people who invade his land and especially the ones who take other lives. The painting is mostly dark colored with a white cloud surrounding Pocahontas. The tribe seem to be very close attached to each other. Even though everyone is Indian except for John Smith, Pocahontas has a European face. I feel like the painting is 3D. There are people ion the painting that do not stand out as much as the king, Pocahontas, John Smith, and the guy that wants to kill john Smith. Those four are standing out of the painting. Most of the lines are angled. Everyone is moving a certain way. There is a little of horizontal lines, but more angles are found in the painting. All of these elements were put together very well because it is showing that some of the natives are ready to fight by the posture of their body and their facial expressions. The back ground expresses the low class that the tribe is. It is very dirty with mostly everything broken and having torn clothes on. What is justice is the main question of the painting. Pocahontas is...
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...| John Rawls | Justice and Equality | | [Type the author name] | 5/25/2012 | Ethics and the Legal Environment LS 312 Kaplan University | John Rawls was born in 1921 in Baltimore, Maryland. His father was a well known attorney, and his mother was a chapter president of the League of Women Voters. His parents, through occupation and affiliation were questioners of society as and its’ injustices. This I would think was a contributing factor in John Rawls philosophy of justice as fairness. His time in World War II challenged his faith as he learned of the holocaust and senseless killings upon innocent people in combat. Then the Vietnam War caused Rawls, like many other Americans, to begin to challenge the political system and how conscientious resistance from citizens could affect policies. (Wenar, 2008) Rawls attended Princeton University John Rawls is claimed to be the most important political philosopher of this century. His articles of the 60s and his first book, Theory of Justice written in 1971, was about collective coercive power and its’ use in demanding justice and fairness in a societies as addressed in his dissertation in 1951, “Outline of a Decision Procedure for Ethics”. (Richardson, 2005) Rawls also studied at Oxford University. His first appointments were at Cornell University and MIT and joined the Harvard University faculty in 1962 where he remained for his career of thirty years. (Wenar, 2008)John Rawls had a philosophy of social...
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