...injuries. Patients can be treated in either an inpatient or outpatient setting. This normally depends on the severity of their injury or illness. A patient who has suffered a stroke, for example will be treated within the hospital by therapists before being discharged and prescribed outpatient therapy. Stroke patients are also treated under more than one rehabilitation discipline. This means that they will see not only a licensed physical therapist but in many cases, an occupational and speech therapist as well. There are two main distinctions between physical therapists, orthopedic, neurological and pediatric. Orthopedic therapists work with a number of different diagnoses but the majority of their patients suffer from a muscle, joint or spinal injury. Advancements in medicine have allowed surgeons to perform joint replacement surgeries. Patients who have had a total knee, hip or shoulder replacement will more often than not end up in the hands of a physical therapist. According to the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) those therapists who decide to become a neurological physical therapist will specialize “in the evaluation and treatment of individuals with movement problems due to disease or injury of the nervous system” (2012). These conditions include traumatic brain injuries, stroke patients, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and vestibular disorders that can cause dizziness and...
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...Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease) Dustin M. Sumner ITT- Technical Institute of Technology Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. When muscle has no nourishment, it “atrophies” or wastes away. “Lateral” identifies the areas in a person’s spinal cord where portions of the nerve cells that signal and control the muscles are located. As this area degenerates it leads to scarring or hardening (“sclerosis”) in the region. ALS is a disorder that affects the function of nerves and muscles. Based on U.S. population studies, a little over 5,600 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with ALS each year. (That’s 15 new cases a day.) It is estimated that as many as 30,000 Americans have the disease at any given time. According to the ALS Care Database, 60% of the people with ALS in the Database are men and 93% of patients in the Database are Caucasian. Most people who develop ALS are between the ages of 40 and 70, with an average age of 55 at the time of diagnosis. However, cases of the disease do occur in persons in their twenties and thirties. Generally though, ALS occurs in greater percentages as men and women grow older. ALS is 20% more common in men than in women. There are several research studies – past and present –investigating possible risk factors that may be associated with ALS. More work is needed to conclusively...
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...condition in which the neurotransmitter dopamine has been depleted. Dopamine, produced mainly in the substantia nigra, is largely responsible for muscle control. Without dopamine, the muscles of the speech mechanisms are restricted in amplitude, range, and flexibility (Duffy, 2013). According to Fox and Ramig (1997), approximately 75% of PD patients exhibit voice and/or speech deficits. In the majority of PD patients, communication is impacted by “soft voice, monotone, breathy, hoarse voice quality and imprecise articulation” (Fox & Ramig, 2007). Fox and Ramig (2007) stated, “Many patients and their families consider the reduced ability...
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...the most popular cosmetic treatments in the world. Celebrities like Madonna, Kylie Minogue and Liz Hurley are rumoured to be keeping the wrinkles at bay this way. Sir Cliff Richard admitted to having had the treatment and now it is an increasingly popular choice for ordinary women looking for a quick way to look younger. What is Botox? Botox is made from ‘botulinum toxin’, a poison produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This bacterium causes botulism - a severe form of food poisoning. In small quantities, however, Botox merely interrupts nerve impulses to muscles in the face. Botox first began to be used in 1980 to treat many muscle disorders such as lazy eye, eye ticks and uncontrolled blinking. Cosmetic treatments were pioneered by dermatological surgeons in 1987. In small doses, Botox works by paralysing the muscles of the face which are used in frowning and raising the eyebrows. When these muscles relax, the fine lines and wrinkles smooth out. Unfortunately, when it is overdone, Botox treatment can leave the face with a lack of expression. This is reputed to have caused a problem for some actors. Armpit attack Botox is reportedly a favourite with Oscar...
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...learning how to talk may seem easy but for some it is a stage of struggle and difficulty. Children learn how to talk more easily and faster if the adults in their homes spend enough time talking to them. Other children find it more difficult to develop speech because they do not hear their parents talk much. All children have the ability to learn how to talk. Learning to talk is a natural habit, a natural gift inscribed deep within mankind’s genetic inheritance ( Bardies, De Bevoise 1999 ). In about the second year after conception or one year after being born, a child will utter his first words. The swiftness and skills with which many children master the art of speaking has always fascinated many adults. Before a child knows how to coordinate his hands to snap a toy, he will utmost have understood some if not all the sentences addressed to him by an adult. Before they even how to tie up or knot their shoelaces they will virtually have mastered the art of talking their language. This special ability of acquiring language so fast could only be described to come from a gift. Speech is the sound coming out of the mouth which takes shape to form words. The process of learning how to talk is complex. In order to talk or produce speech there; * The desire to communicate must be present. * The brain should have earlier learned or heard words in the contexts. * It’s a prerequisite that the brain...
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...1 Lou Gehrigs Disease (ALS) The name of my Disease is Lou Gehrigs Disease or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS for short a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. The Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects the nerve system and causes you to go paralyze and not move. What happens is that the motor neutrons die and you lose all control of your muscles and you cannot move your muscles and then you are paralyze until you die of (ALS).In the next Paragraph I will tell you of the symptoms what you will see if you have (ALS).This is the name of my disease and I hope that this Gave you some information on (ALS). Some of the early sighs of (ALS) are that muscle weakness in one or more of the following: hands, arms, legs or the muscles of speech, swallowing or breathing are some of the early symptoms .Some more of the symptoms are twitching and cramping of muscles; especially those in the hands and feet itch are some more of the symptoms. The most common impairment of the use of the arms and legs, and thick speech and difficulty in projecting the voice. The most advanced symptoms are shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing and swallowing. These are the symptoms of ALS. In the next paragraph I will who discovered this disease And how it was discovered. Jean Marie Charcot noted the first reports of ALS in 1874, and named the fatal syndrome based on what he found. He was a noted French neurologist who has been called...
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...In this paper, traumatic brain injuries, the effects on speech and language, and the speech-language pathologist’s role with patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury will be discussed. A traumatic brain injury is a very common cause of speech and language problems. It is an acquired cause, meaning it is not present at birth. It affects many areas of communication, including cognitive and memory skills, as well as speech and language. A speech-language pathologist plays an important role in these individuals’ lives. Speech-language pathologists are responsible for both the evaluation and the therapy for the patient. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Introduction Numerous research studies have been conducted on the topic...
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...Alzheimer's Disease ● Definition-Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that occurs when nerve cells in the brain die. ● Signs-Memory loss that affects job skills, difficulty performing familiar tasks, problems with language, disorientation to time and place, poor or decreased judgment, problems with abstract thinking, misplacing things, changes in mood or behavior, changes in personality, loss of initiative. ● Treatment-specific treatment will be determined by the physician based on your age, health, and medical history, extent of disease, your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapy, expectations for the course of the disease, your opinion or preference and at this time there...
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...and melancholic part with their dark thoughts. In the middle of the XVIII century the encyclopedist Denis Diderot, in his treatise: "About riding and what it means to maintain health and to find it again", wrote: "Among the exercise the first place belongs to ride. It can be used to treat many diseases, but may also prevent them befores they appear." Hippotherapy is a comprehensive and multi-method of rehabilitation, a form of physiotherapy (physical therapy), where tools for rehabilitation are the horse, the process of riding and exercising that a person does during riding. While riding all the major muscle groups of the body receive a work out. This occurs at a reflex level, because sitting on the horse, moving along with it, the person instinctively tries to keep the balance not to fall off the horse, and thus encourages the active work of both healthy and affected muscles, without noticing it. Hippotherapy is the only type of treatment when the patient may not understand that he is treated, riding and communication with the horse becomes a game. Psychogenic factor increases the ability to adapt to reality. For a...
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...probably heard of Down Syndrome. But what is it? According to the National Down Syndrome Society webpage that I went to on September 16th, Down syndrome occurs when someone has a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. B. There are three types of Down syndrome; trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism. Trisomy 21 results in an embryo with three copies of the chromosome 21 rather than the usual two. In translocation part of chromosome 21 breaks off during cell division and attaches itself to another chromosome. Mosaicism occurs when there is a partial malformation of chromosome 21. C. One in 691 babies in the United States are born with Down syndrome, making it the most common genetic condition. Approximately 400,000 Americans have Down syndrome and about 6,000 babies with Down syndrome are born in the US each year. Mosaic accounts for 1-2% of all diagnoses, translocation for 2-4% of the diagnoses and trisomy 21 accounts for 95% of children diagnosed with Down syndrome. Now that you know what down syndrome is, lets take a look at the two ways that Down syndrome diagnosed: prenatally and at birth. II. There are two tests for Down syndrome that can be done before birth. A. A prenatal screen can be either a blood test or a 3-d ultrasound. These tests can estimate the chance of the fetus having Down syndrome...
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... Cerebral Palsy (CP), is the most common disability affecting function in children. It is described by a loss of control of coordination and muscle movements. Cerebral Palsy affects the child’s abilities such as learning, speaking, and become independent, so the effect can last through the child’s life-time. Trying to reduce the effects of Cerebral Palsy can improve the aspects of life for both the child and family. Cerebral Palsy is caused by a neurological condition ( problems in the brain and the nervous system). Specifically, it is caused by a problem in the part that is responsible for controlling muscles in the brain (1). Early age diagnosing for Cerebral Palsy is necessary, and it can take several steps: developmental monitoring, developmental screening, and developmental and medical evaluations (2). The first step of diagnosing Cerebral Palsy is developmental monitoring ( surveillance) which means to track a child’s growth and development over time. The doctor monitors the child’s...
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... But I am in fact just listing some of the yoga poses. I have been practicing yoga for the past two years and if it weren’t for yoga, I too would hate Mondays, as I get to practice yoga every Monday morning. Over the next few minutes, I’m going to discuss the physical benefits, and mental benefits, as well as ways that you can incorporate yoga into your daily lives. To begin with I’m going to start of with the physical benefits of yoga: Yoga is a great therapy for fatigued muscles. It relives tension, joint pain, and helps with muscular imbalances. Muscular imbalances happen when you use the dominant side of your body over the other side. Such as holding a bag on your right shoulder all ay, or being an athlete that uses your left hand. Each pose and posture requires balance, which helps to elevate these imbalances. Also because yoga alleviates muscle pain, various athletes like to use yoga in their daily lives. Athletes such as LeBron James and Shaquille o Neil. According to the American Cancer society website, Article titled Yoga, published in May 2008, there is evidence that suggests that yoga might be helpful when used as medical treatment to help relives symptoms of asthma, cancer, , diabetes, dug addiction, high blood pressure, heart disease and migraines. This man right here is Arthur Boorman, and he a veteran of the gulf war. He was crippled in his knees and back and after 10 months of intensive yoga treatment, he was able to loose 100 pounds, and not only...
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...COMPARING AND CONTRASTING FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION http://www.literature.freeservers.com/image_polat/ccfsla.html | The Critical Period Hypothesis | Neurological Considerations Psychomotor Considerations Cognitive Considerations Affective Considerations Linguistic ConsiderationsIn the Classroom: The Audiolingual Method | The increased pace of research on first language acquisition in the 60s and 70s attracted the attention not only of linguists of all kinds but also of educators in various language-related fields. Today the applications of research findings in first language acquisition are widespread. In language arts education, for example, it is not uncommon to find teacher trainess studying first language acquisition, particularly acquisition after age 5, in order to improve their understanding of the task of teaching language speaker to native speakers. In foreign language education most standard text and curricula now include some introductory material in first language acquisition. The reason for this are clear: We have all observed children acquiring their first language easily and well, yet the learning of second language, particularly in an education setting, often meets with great difficulty and sometimes failure. We should therefore able to learn something from a systematic study of that first language learning experience. The purpose of this chapter is to set forth explicity some of the paramters for comparing and contrasting the two types...
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...usually within the soil. Surprisingly, the bacteria alone do not cause botulism, the bacteria produce spores, this provides a special cover for the bacteria. The spores are what can grow and produce the toxin that causes botulism. Conditions that help spores grow and make toxins are low-oxygen, low acid, low sugar, and low salt. Home canning if not done properly can lead to botulism. Botulism mainly falls into five different kinds: foodborne, wound, infant, adult intestinal toxemia, and iatrogenic. Symptoms associated with botulism are a double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, a thick-feeling tongue, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. In infants, the symptoms may include poor feeding, diminished suckling, decreased crying ability, poor muscle tone, constipation, and respiratory failure. The illness, if left untreated may lead to paralysis of the respiratory muscle, arms, and legs. Ingesting food contaminated with botulism toxin could cause foodborne botulism. Symptom from foodborne botulism can begin as appear within six hours, or may be delayed up to ten days later. Some signs and symptoms from this illness may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ingesting honey before the age of one can result in botulism for infants. Some cases of infant botulism can be from the ingestion of infected dust or soil. Wound botulism is more prevalent amongst IV drug abusers, such as those who use black tar heroin. Signs and symptoms of wound...
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...Pitman 12-9-2013 | Shalee Ray Pitman Anatomy and Physiology Essentials TBurke 9 December 2013 The Brain There are four lobes of the brain: 1) Frontal Lobe which can be found in the front of the “central sulcus”. This lobe of the brain is in charge of the reasoning, planning, contains the parts involved in speech/movement, emotions, and also with problem-solving. 2) Parietal Lobe which can be found behind the “central sulcus.” This lobe of the brain is in charge of proper perception concerning pain, different temperature, pressure, and touch. 3) Occipital lobe which can be found in the back of the brain; it is in charge of all aspects of vision (eyes). 4) Temporal lobe which can be found below the “lateral fissure.” This lobe is in charge of perception and recognition of different parts of hearing and memory. Sensory skills of the brain relates to different senses or sensations of the body (touch). The sensory skills convey the structure of the body to impulse nerves when in contact of different sensations of the body including different temperatures and pain. Motor skills are the body’s function; they are important because they tell the body’s muscles to move in order to perform a specific task. It is important for this movement to be connected with the ability to feel or use sensations, so the body knows what it is doing as it performs. A deficiency in the motor skills is when the body cannot complete a movement in the way it was intended. The brain is one of...
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