...zinc interior of the penny, three indentions had to be filed into the penny, through the copper shell.This action allows for the significant loss of copper. Because when the penny is filed, it is only filed until the zinc interior could be seen which leaves a slight impact on weight, but a stronger impact on the amount of copper. For such a specific experiment that is followed by exact calculations, losing a single flaked of copper can have detrimental impacts on the outcome. In this particle experiment, the percent of copper in a post 1983 penny was found to be 2.37%. However the known amount of copper in a penny is 2.5%, which resulted in .13% difference. This slight difference can be used to calculate the percent error, which was discovered to be 5.2%. The percent error must be due to the filing of the copper. The filing of the copper was already known to be an impact to the experiment but it was tried to counteract the effects of it by weighing the penny after the indentations. Nonetheless, that solution only solves for the altered weight, not the loss of copper....
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...cent coin, the penny. A small value coin almost worthless to the world of goods, but rings up a price when producing one. It costs twice as much as itself to make, and four billion of them are created a year. The US government dances around this problem and should have eliminate them back in 2006 when people were melting the copper and selling it for profit. This paper states several topics of why the penny only causes harm to US citizens and the economy. The obvious solution to fix a problem like this, simply abolish the penny as US currency, and round all cash transactions to the nearest fifth cent. Death of the Penny: The Elimination of America’s One Cent Coin and its Impact on The United States Economy “I will seriously consider eliminating the penny as long as we find another place for Lincoln to land,” the support of abolishing the penny from the most powerful man in America; President, Barack Obama. For over a hundred years people have paid for everyday goods with change, or coins. As inflation in the America rises, the value of coins diminishes. (Inflation Figures). Take the penny for example; commonly known as the copper coin has hardly any copper to it. Created with ninety-seven percent zinc and only two and a half percent copper, the penny doesn’t truly stand up to its expectations. Based on the 2011 Annual Report for US Mints, the cost to make a single penny runs around 2.41 cents. Studies have shown if the penny may be dropped...
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...substances especially when they come into contact with other materials such as metals. In this experiment, copper coins were used to determine the effect that varying concentrations of acid has on copper erosion. To achieve this, the experiment soaked eight coins, four made in 1980 and four in 2008, in eight different concentrations of acid to inspect how acid would react with the copper metal. The findings revealed that the coins with the most copper, that is, the four made in 1980 eroded faster than the four coins made in 2008. Therefore acids at higher concentrations have stronger reactions on materials was reached. Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to observe and determine the effect...
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...Lab 2: The Density of Pennies Brennan Woodward Lab partner: Stephen Akinniranye Section 22 September 15, 2014 Brennan Woodward 15 September 2014 Section 22 Experiment 2: Density of Pennies Introduction The composition of the penny has gone through several changes throughout its life, having 6 composition changes. The penny was composed of pure copper when it was started but due to rising prices of copper it was moving to a cheaper composition. As time went by the composition transitioned away from pure copper into mixtures of copper and other metals, or an alloy. From the years 1837 to 1962 the composition underwent an alternation from a bronze metal to copper and zinc alloy1. After tin’s removal and somewhere in the time range of 1962 to the present time, the penny’s metal alloy changed to a 95% copper and 5% a second metal. The present composition of the penny is 2.5% copper and 97.5% of the second metal. The purpose of the lab was to explore the physical properties of matter through density and to find the identity of the second unknown metal. Density is an intensive physical property that can be used to determine an unknown substance, where the amount of the substance does not affect the density. Even though two objects may...
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...Tuesday (13 / 07).Starfruit that thrives in the yard of his home, his magic into the decomposing substance capable of producing alternative power, amid complaints of residents will increase electricity tariff (TDL) since early July.He explains, to create electrical energy, the first star fruit commonly used as a vegetable is mashed to take water. Next, using soil media placed in a glass of mineral water is used, water is injected star fruit taste.Furthermore, each cup containing soil mixed with star fruit juice was associated with a series of copper wire and zinc plate, the electric current to flow.The result, electrical energy is created with a sizable voltage, ie up to 5 volts, enough to turn on the lights. The resulting voltage is also greater than the voltage of the battery stone fruit.According to him, electrical energy is created by starfruit has a high acidity level to be able to conduct ions and electrons are there on a piece of copper and zinc. Thus create an electric current.On average, 10 points starfruit is capable of creating an electric voltage up to 2.5 volts, equivalent to one dried fruit batteries. Even in his experience, the electrical energy of the star fruit vegetables can last up to one month old.Sunarto is also an electronic teacher in one school in this Magetan Bendo, hopes his invention will be...
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...Golden Acres Road, Corner Misamis St. Bago Bantay Quezon City Golden Acres Road, Corner Misamis St. Bago Bantay Quezon City Quezon City Science High School Quezon City Science High School Vinegar, Copper Wire, and Zinc Nail as an Alternative Power Source Leader: Calipay, Issabone F. Members: Callada, Peter Ivan B. Kasilag, Ian Michael 8- Pascal Febuary 2015 GROUP 7 CHAPER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review of literature for this study focuses on procedures on making power source. The review focuses on the number of light bulbs the vinegar can power. The chapter begins with finding some people who lack power source, followed by the findings of researchers on some information about vinegar, zinc nail and copper wire. What is Vinegar? Vinegar is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water. Vinegar is now mainly used as a cooking ingredients, but historically, asa the most easily available mild acid, it had a great variet of industrial, medical, and domestic uses, some of which are still promoted today. The history of vinegar is actually by accident, but according to legends, Babylonians used vinegar as a cleaning agent. The Babylonians later discovered that vinegars slows or stop the action of bacteria that spoils the food and so they started using it as a preservative. Vinegar is a totally natural food. There are no harmful chemicals or preservatives in fact vinegar is a preservative itself. Vinegar...
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...In the essay “The Penny Debate”By Brad Andrews . the author describes should we keep the penny, or get rid of it? Today everything costs more than one cent. The penny is costing large amounts of money to create .The penny is practically useless. The penny costs around 1.67 cents to create and is only worth one cent . This means that for every penny created, .67 cents is lost. While that may not seem like much, over the period of a few years, that amounts to millions of dollars. All that saved money would boost the economy and lower taxes.Most people don't regularly use pennies. They normally just round up to the nearest nickel, quarter, or dollar. It just takes too much time to dig around in their wallet. If the penny was eliminated,...
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...1. There are 16 elements known to be essential for healthy plant growth; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, and chlorine. What are the symbols of these elements? a. Carbon - C b. Hydrogen – H c. Oxygen - O d. Nitrogen – N e. Phosphorus – P f. Potassium – K g. Calcium – Ca h. Magnesium – Mg i. Sulfur – S j. Boron – B k. Copper – Cu l. Iron – Fe m. Manganese – Mn n. Zinc – Zn o. Molbdenum – Mo p. Chlorine - Cl 2. For the proper functioning and survival of the human organism, trace amounts of 14 metals and metalloids are essential in the diet. Their symbols are Ca, P, K, S, Na, CI, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Co, I, and Se. What are the names of these elements? q. Ca – Calcium r. P – Phosphorus s. K – Potassium t. S – Sulfur u. Na – Sodium v. CI – Chlorine w. Mg – Magnesium x. Fe – Iron y. Zn – Zinc z. Cu – Copper {. Mo – Moldbenum |. Co – Cobalt }. I – Iodine ~. Se - Selenium 3. Classify each of the following phenomena as a physical or chemical change; . The detonation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) produces carbon monoxide, water, nitrogen, and carbon. i. Chemical Change . When exposed to an ignition source, hexane vapor ignites at -7°F (-22°C). ...
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...Benjamin Franklin once famously said ‘a penny saved is a penny earned’, but with changing times a penny saved may now be 1.5 cents wasted. Pennies are the smallest coin now in American circulation, but it may be time to upgrade to the nickel and leave the penny behind. The US government have removed small-denomination coins before, and like France and Britain before us, the penny needs to move the way its half-cent predecessor did. (Source C) Not only do pennies waste taxpayer money but they increase the environmental problem and are nearly useless in everyday life. Virtually nobody carries pennies around in their pocket for payments, unless they have just received some in change from a previous purchase. Oftentimes, we throw them in a penny jar at the counter, valuing not carrying them over owning them. Outside a collector’s scope, pennies are all but...
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...Purpose: To change the sequential conversion of the Copper metal to Copper (II) Nitrate to Copper (II) Hydroxide to Copper (II) Oxide to Copper (II) Sulfate and back to Copper metal. Also, to find out what reactions were involved in each step. Materials: “See Page 138 in the textbook”. Procedure: “See Page 138-139 in the textbook”. Observations: Reaction A: had a reaction of Incomplete Combustion. When you put the Copper (penny) into Nitric Acid a red gas was formed. Reaction B: had a reaction of Double Displacement. When the Copper Nitrate was mixed with Sodium hydroxide and the water a solid/paste was formed. Copper (II) Nitrate and Sodium Hydroxide produces Copper (II) Hydroxide and Sodium Nitrate Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ( Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq) Reaction C: had a reaction of Incomplete Combustion. When the paste was heated a black precipitate was formed. Copper (II) Hydroxide reacts with heat to form Copper (II) Oxide and Water. ∆HEAT Cu(OH)2 ( CuO(s) + H2O(l) Reaction D: had a reaction of Double Displacement. When we added Sulfuric Acid to the Copper mixture it fizzed and bubbled. When we started to stir it, it turned light blue. Copper (II) Oxide plus Sulfuric Acid forms Copper (II) Sulfate and Water CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq)...
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...Hanging With Hair Saginaw County Science Fair 2009 5th Grade Connor Blue Abstract The purpose of this project was to find out if there is a difference in the strength of different types of hair. I wanted to see if color or chemicals made a difference. My hypothesis was that blonde hair was stronger than brown hair and chemically treated hair. Individual strands of hair were collected from 30 female subjects. I tied one end to a hair hanging device and the other to a baggie. I added pennies into the bag until the strands broke, which is how I determined their strength. My testing showed that brown hair was the strongest and held an average of 27.9 pennies. Chemically treated hair held an average of 14.9 pennies and blonde hair an average of 9.9 pennies. From this research, I found that if you want strong hair, you should not get it chemically treated. Table of Contents I. Introduction…………………………………………………………….4-5 II. Methodology…………………………………………………………....6 III. Results…………………………………………………………………..7-9 IV. Discussion………………………………………………………………10 V. Conclusion………………………………………………………………11 VI. Acknowledgements……………………………………………………..12 VII. Bibliography……………………………………………………………..13 Introduction I became interested in hair when my mom grew hers so she could donate it to Locks of Love for a wig. She said it took ten 10 inch pony tails to make one wig. The hair could not be chemically treated which made me wonder if that meant those types of hair...
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...produce the expected outcome of the endeavor. It shows that searching new ways of producing electricity is not possible. It’s also impressive to know how vinegar can produce electricity and how it will help the environment. With this research, each individual’s curiosity will be captivated. II. Statement of the Problem 1. What is more convenient, commercial battery 2. qor vinegar battery? Explain why. 3. What is more reliable? Commercial battery or vinegar battery? Explain why. 4. Do you think vinegar battery can avoid our environment from destroying or harming it? Explain why. III. Formulation of the Hypothesis * Vinegar battery, because its materials like copper wire can be found in our home. In copper wire, we can use the copper wire on our old TV so that we don’t need to buy commercial batteries. * Vinegar...
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...Silliman University School of Basic Education High School Department Determining the Effectiveness of Sugar as a Preservative for Flowers An Investigatory Project for School Year 2014-2015 In Partial fulfillment of the Physics Subject Researchers: Salvethlyn Himaya Reambonanza Ma. Carina Cassimira Enopia Silverio Serion Submitted to: Engr. Mylene J. Lagahit Teacher I. Introduction a. Background of the Study "Beautiful" and "sweet-smelling" are two common terms that describe fresh flowers, and explains why so many of us like to place flowers in our homes. Having flowers in our homes adds color and a soft touch. In addition, the presence and scent of flowers gives us a psychological boost making us feel happier and livelier. Flowers certainly do help brighten up our day. However, fresh cut flowers do not last long as they typically wilt after a few days. There are a few ways to help flowers stay fresh for longer periods of time, once they are cut. One method is to cut the stem of the flower at an angle with a sharp knife and immediately placing the cut flower in lukewarm water. Cutting a flower stalk at an angle exposes more of the stem, allowing for a larger surface area to come in contact with water. Leaves that are under water should be removed. Interestingly, the removal of rose thorns will hasten the wilting process of roses. Another commonly used method is to add sugar and vinegar to water. Sugar is thought to provide the nutrition required...
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...means of payment. The stamped coin which resembles the ones used today was introduced by the Chinese and Greek civilizations. However to fully appreciate the purpose and role of money we compare it to its historical alternative, barter. Barter, or direct exchange of one good for another, had many flaws. The biggest was that it required a coincidence of wants from both parties, meaning if one party wanted to exchange a loaf of bread for some spice, then that party would need to find someone possessing and willing to exchange the spice for bread. This leads to a high search cost and reduces the volume of trade below its potential level. The volume will thus be constrained by the minimum trader, the trader willing to exchange the least amount. In a barter economy the price pattern is not very translucent, because the prices are not expressed in one unit of account, for example the dollar. The price is the number of units of various goods that a certain good can be exchanged for. Money can be characterized as commodity money throughout most of history. Commodity money means that money is tied to a certain commodity which has alternative uses and an intrinsic value, such as gold or silver. In general any commodity can be used as money but it should posses several important features. It is of importance to exclude perishable and volatile...
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...not drink as much coffee, soda, ect.. One similar project is ‘Using Pennies to Test How pH Affects Copper Corrosion’ What this project is about is that to leave pennies in different kinds of acidic liquids, leave the pennies in the water for a span of 2-5 days (make sure to check on them) and see which water cause the pennies to corrode more. The results were that the person found out that coke corroded the pennies more with a 4 which 4= moderate corrosion. The procedures for this project is, the first step is to fill three beakers with the tea, coke and coffee, the second step is to put one hollowed out egg in each container (how to hollow the eggs is to poke a small hole at the top of the egg and a bigger hole in the bottom then take a paperclip put in the hole, move the paperclip around to liquefy the yolk of the egg, then blow the insides out into a bowl), the third step is to each day, take the eggs out and observe the discoloration of the eggs,take photos, once discoloration is seen note that day, the fifth and final step is to record the data that is collected (the data is to see which egg is the darkest out of the others). The thing that was observed was that coffee stained the eggs the darkest then the eggs inside of the tea and the salt and lemon juice mixture cleaned the stains of the most. The way the conclusion was met was when the eggs in the coffee were left in the coffee for a certain amount of days they came out darker than the eggs in the tea, and when the...
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