...(Environmental Ethics and Values) August 5, 2013 A Critique on “Why Should the World Care About the Environment In Places like Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Rwanda?” By Sammy Stein Mozambique is considered the watering well of Africa. Now, it has rivers that have withered and lands that are infertile. Zimbabwe is once believed to be the bread basket of the world. Now, its fertile soil along with the magnificent assortment of plants and animals is shattered due to incompetent practice. Rwanda is thought to have hazy mountain rain forests which are beneficial for mountain gorillas that dwell on them. Now, these gorillas are endangered because of illegal hunting. People seem to think that nature’s wonders and resources are so abundant that their existence would last a lifetime. Anyone who thinks like this can be deemed as immature. This kind of thinking is just unacceptable. The wellbeing of every country has an effect on the wellbeing of the whole planet like the way a few harmful cells can contaminate the whole condition of the human body. This is what the article generally talked about. It further supposed that if we want the world to continue its natural course then we should be mindful of the harmful effects of what we do to the surroundings not just in places like Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Rwanda but also in other places as they are all equally significant. What we do to our environment could bring about destructive...
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...Answer: SABMiller business is operating worldwide, not only covered South Africa, they expand the business into Asia, Eastern Europe and Western Countries, moreover, they even entered in developing countries such as Tanzanian, Zambia, Mozambique and Angola All entered market has a steady growth of sales which is determined by market conditions and potential of business. In South Africa, is the place of origin of SABMiller, this country provide a steady proportion of sales and profits during the early stage of business, unfortunately, it spread of AIDS/HIV during Year of 2001 and caused SABMiller facing the threat of business, it show decline sales start from here. This is negative impact on disposable income of population which will be affected SABMiller’s business. As a conclusion, SABMiller is under threat in South Africa. In Africa, including Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, those business are show a significant growth of sales because of clear segmentation strategy and distributor policy, although there is high potential growth of business in these countries, but the political risk is the main issue will be affected the business. Fortunately, they are successful to operates across and get the protection from the domestic government. Besides, there was trade in soft currencies in Botswana, it will increase the risk on business under this condition. In Asia and Eastern Europe, both of these countries is underdeveloped in beer...
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...Introduction The essay will focus on the subject of rich and poor countries; it will distinguish between four classifications based on income levels. These include low-income country, lower-middle income country, upper-middle income country and high income country. It will provide an analysis and explanation for observed differences and trends. Each category will provide a practical example by comparing the levels of development indicators of the four countries as well as the trends over time. The development indicators include: Health – This is a state of the whole physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. A person can be in good health and poor health. Health is not just a feature of the daily life; it also appears frequently on the political landscape (Bury, 2005). Education – this is the act of teaching or getting general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself for developed life. Poverty and inequality- it refers to a social phenomenon under which the standard of living of individuals and households in a community or country is persistently below a certain level required physically for sustaining human life according to some accepted social norms (Bhalla & Qui, 2006). Inequality is the gap between the rich and the poor. GDP per capita- this is a core indicator of economic performance and commonly used as a broad measure of average living standards or economic well-being...
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...By Mashell Chapeyama Uopeople What ways has globalization not worked Globalization has not worked in a number of ways. One reason is how the rules evolved due to globalization. Most of the rules favour developed countries. They leave the poorer countries worse off. Globalization has increased a lot of imbalances. For example instead of funds moving from richer countries to poorer ones the reverse is true. A lot of resources are moving from poor countries to richer ones. There has also been an imbalance on investment in technology. Technology advanced in rich countries. In poorer off countries technology has lagged behind, meaning that richer countries would benefit. Debts of poor countries are a sign that globalization has failed to work. Poor countries get short term loans. The rich countries peg the moneys in hard currency such as GBP or USA$. So when countries accrued interest payable, it is too big if translated into domestic currencies. This means that poor countries get poorer, yet richer countries become even richer. What are the principal causes? The real causes of such imbalances and problems are many. One problem is that of ideas promulgated by IMF and World Bank, through their policies. They give policies that are “one size fit all type.” This means that some countries cannot afford those measures. One underlying issue is that economic globalization has fast-paced political globalization. Economic globalization requires countries to integrate and be interdependent...
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...The country I choose was Tanzania. Tanzania is an East African country known for its vast wilderness areas. The capital of Tanzania is Dodoma. It nearly has 49.25 million people. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north. In Tanzania they have a lake called Lake Natron. Lake Natron is a salt and soda lake. It is located in Arusha which seems to be Northern of Tanzania. Lake Natron is close to the Kenyan border and is in Gregory Rift. Tanzania’s Absolute location is 6.00 degrees south latitude, and 35.00 degrees east longitude. Their Relative location is South of Kenya, and East of Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also north of Mozambique, and west of the Indian Ocean. The official languages of Tanzania is a small bit of English, Kiswahili, and Swahili. In 2010 Tanzania imports a total of 7.125 billion dollars. The import commodities are consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw...
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...developed countries when it comes to adapting to climate change. This can be due to their geographical location and concepts such as space and place can explain why they’re more vulnerable. Additionally, the history of the countries development also plays a role in determining how these countries are unable to adapt to a climate crisis. Another factor that can be taken into consideration is the particular countries global processes. This brings me to my argument that developing countries struggle with adapting to the impacts of climate change due to factors such as, space and place, uneven development and lack of resources. Arguments for space and place affecting a developing countries ability to adapt to climate change. • In this portion of my essay I will explain the concept of space and place using the “Thinking Geographically” article. For example, space and place can be differentiated in many ways, however according to the “Thinking Geographically” article, “…place is humanized space, an abstract world made real through human inhabitation, through the investment of emotion and the attribution of meaning”(Jackson, 2006). • I will continue to explain how space and place are involved in determining a countries adaptability to climate change. According to the news article “A bad climate for development” countries like Shanghai, Mumbai and Cairo located in low-lying coastal areas are more vulnerable to sea level rises or coastal surges (The Economist, 2009). Due to their geographical...
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...developed and developing countries. a. Economic factor. b. Social factor. c. Political factor. III. Contrast of developed and developing countries on types of problems. a. Government. b. Environment. c. Technology. Conclusion: The countries all over the world have their power and weakness, according to the type of government, their history, economic and environmental problems; technology and religious creed. Nevertheless the situation would be; the future is in every decision of the population and how to face the different obstacles and the positive attitude about them. It is only with the support of the citizens that makes a nation to grow and develop in all the fundamental areas: social, political and economically. Essay about developed and developing countries The world is divided in five continents. Each one is composed by countries. According to the Ocean Dictionary (2004), a country is “a determinate territory where people live and they share language, traditions, customs and other things” (p. 102). For this reason, everyone is different in many aspects such as: size, religion, population, citizen life’s style, beliefs, mites, values and so...
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...Zambian labour force. It employs about 52.2% of the working population (Sebatta, C & Wamulume, M, 2015). The agriculture sector in Zambia is vital to the economy for incomes, employment and food security (Musaba, E & Bwacha, I, 2014). Attainment of food security in Zambia has been constrained by low agricultural productivity of smallholder maize farming. Since independence the Zambian government has made many attempts to increase productivity of smallholder agriculture in the country (Musaba, E & Bwacha, I, 2014). If an agricultural extension officer teaches the farm household how to manage the soil nutrients in a new and improved manner, the crop yield rises in a single year to three tons of maize per hectare, or six tons in total. This essay seeks to discuss a few positive effects brought about by the technological advancement in maize production in Zambia. A comparison between older methods and the newer methods of farming being used will be made, and hence the advantages of the newer methods will be brought forward. Discussion The major changes in agricultural technologies in northern Zambia during this century have been the introduction of cassava, maize and fertiliser technologies. The introduction of maize-fertiliser technology may have resulted in reduced chitemene cultivation (Stein, 1993). The chitemene or shifting cultivation system is largely used in Zambia. According to the chitemene farming method, farmers collect branches from trees in an area that is five times...
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...Future of Democracy in Africa With the aid of the book, State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, I will try to come up with some type of conclusion to the future democracy in Africa. These Africanists that I will mention in my paper have assessed that contemporary Africa has struggled to deal with false starts, unsatisfactory attempts to reconfigure power and varies political reforms. The first theoretical essay is written by Crawford Young on the Third Wave of Democratization in Africa. Young is a Political Scientist, who received a PhD from Harvard and he specializes in development and politics in developing countries, particularly Africa. His works are “The Politics of Cultural Pluralism” , “Ideology and Development in Africa” , and “The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State”. In his essay, Young offers insight on Africa's experimentation on political liberalization. Young starts off by talking about the “third wave” of democratization which hit Africa in 1989 which was seen as a global dynamic. Factors such as modernization, diffusion and power politics helped shaped this transition. In Africa there were deeper structural factors which started first with the economical field. “In dramatic contrast to the aggressive assertion of economic nationalism in the 1970s, a decade peppered with sweeping indigenization programs and widespread nationalism, the 1980 Organization of African Unity Lagos Plan of Action, and the blistering critique of African development performance...
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..._____________________________________________________________________ CREDIT Research Paper No. 01/05 _____________________________________________________________________ Reducing Child Malnutrition: How Far Does Income Growth Take Us? by Harold Alderman, Simon Appleton, Lawrence Haddad, Lina Song and Yisehac Yohannes _____________________________________________________________________ Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham 2 The Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade is based in the School of Economics at the University of Nottingham. It aims to promote research in all aspects of economic development and international trade on both a long term and a short term basis. To this end, CREDIT organises seminar series on Development Economics, acts as a point for collaborative research with other UK and overseas institutions and publishes research papers on topics central to its interests. A list of CREDIT Research Papers is given on the final page of this publication. Authors who wish to submit a paper for publication should send their manuscript to the Editor of the CREDIT Research Papers, Professor M F Bleaney, at: Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM Telephone (0115) 951 5620 Fax: (0115) 951 4159 CREDIT Research Papers are distributed free...
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...Female genital mutilation is a horrendous injustice that occurs everyday in this world. Female genital mutilation is wrong for several reasons. It is wrong because women can experience physical health consequences, psychological health consequences and it is a form of gender discrimination. In societies that practice female genital mutilation women will never be considered equal they will always be considered below men. According to the World Health Organization, “Female genital mutilation constitutes all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons.” Firstly, female genital mutilation causes serious health problems to women who have been mutilated. Women who have the most sever mutilation will suffer from health problems for their whole lives. The procedure is often carried out with crude tools used for mutilating the genitalia. Examples of these tools are scissors, scalpels, pieces of glass, or razor blades (World Health Organization). In addition, the mutilation usually occurs in an unsanitary room. These unsanitary conditions can lead to the spread of HIV and infections of the genitalia and surrounding areas. Anesthetics are rarely used and relatives must hold down the female screaming in pain while she is being mutilated. On account of this severe pain the female usual goes into shock, the massive blood loss does not help either. Female...
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...elite in Africa, and diplomatic support for regimes usually under pressure at forums like the United Nations, as in the case of Zimbabwe and other countries accused of various shortcomings. It is clear from this therefore that relations between China and Africa are those of feeding off each other, or principally a relationship of friends in need of each other. However, as shall be seen in this essay, there are also various problems that arise with this FOCAC, not least of which are accusations that China turns a blind eye to human rights violations in Africa as long as it benefits. For the purposes of analysing the issue of relations between Africa and China, the conceptual framework of interdependence shall be pursued. This theory argues that countries relate to each other because there is dependence on each other for various strengths. For instance, China needs African resources, while African countries need investment and loans with no political strings attached, or simply put, African leaders generally prefer investors who generally see no evil in Africa. For the purposes of this essay, the term concessionary loan shall be used to mean loans that attract negligible interest rates and/or will start to be repaid after a period like 12 months. One major importance of...
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...schools of thought; Structuralists and Dependency Theory. These two schools question many of the assumptions made by the Neoclassical framework and use real world observations to discredit Neoclassical policies. While Neoclassical theory suggests that all free trade is eventually mutually beneficial to everyones welfare, Dependency Theory advocates argue that free trade is a destructive force and a threat to the Developing World or the Least Developed Countries (LDC’s). Structuralist make their position in the middle ground and acknowledge that while there are gains from free trade to be made for LDC’s and Developed Countries (DC’s) alike, free trade is potentially harmful to developing economies and needs to be managed appropriately. This essay will consider each argument and ultimately show how Neoclassic philosophy, which has underpinned WTO and IMF policy for much of the past half century, relies upon too many unsatisfactory assumptions and that many observations made in the real world are contradictory to what the theory...
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...Acknowledgments ix Acknowledgments This book owes a great deal to the mental energy of several generations of scholars. As an undergraduate at the University of Cape Town, Francis Wilson made me aware of the importance of migrant labour and Robin Hallett inspired me, and a generation of students, to study the African past. At the School of Oriental and African Studies in London I was fortunate enough to have David Birmingham as a thesis supervisor. I hope that some of his knowledge and understanding of Lusophone Africa has found its way into this book. I owe an equal debt to Shula Marks who, over the years, has provided me with criticism and inspiration. In the United States I learnt a great deal from ]eanne Penvenne, Marcia Wright and, especially, Leroy Vail. In Switzerland I benefitted from the friendship and assistance of Laurent Monier of the IUED in Geneva, Francois Iecquier of the University of Lausanne and Mariette Ouwerhand of the dépurtement évangélrlyue (the former Swiss Mission). In South Africa, Patricia Davison of the South African Museum introduced me to material culture and made me aware of the richness of difference; the late Monica Wilson taught me the fundamentals of anthropology and Andrew Spiegel and Robert Thornton struggled to keep me abreast of changes in the discipline; Sue Newton-King and Nigel Penn brought shafts of light from the eighteenthcentury to bear on early industrialism. Charles van Onselen laid a major part of the intellectual foundations on...
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...David Turks Burke-8 American Lit May 3, 2013 Child Soldiers What accounts for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa? The primary cause contributing to the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa is poverty. While other factors such as ‘war’ itself, proliferation of small arms, lack of education, displacement all inevitably lead to child soldier recruitment, it is however poverty at the root of these circumstances. Therefore this essay shall argue this case by examining how Africa has come to have such high levels of poverty and by showing the association between other factors and that of poverty. To establish what is meant by the term ‘child soldier’ it must first be defined and a brief description offered that explains the recruitment practices used. This in turn allows the reader to better comprehend the devastating outcomes when underlying causes such as extreme poverty are not addressed. Subsequently this essay examines the factors that account for the phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa and through this examination of causal factors it will become apparent that poverty is a recurring theme. Once it has been established that poverty is indeed the major cause of child soldier recruitment attention is then given to what is being done to stop it. Finally consideration must be given to the problems that arise when addressing the issues of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the child soldier back into the community, to avoid a replication of the...
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