...STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. EDUCATION SYSTEM: STANDARDIZED TESTS Standardized tests are used extensively in the U.S. education system at all levels to assist with admissions, placement, and counseling decisions. Some of the more common standardized tests that international students may encounter are described below. ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY TESTS Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a proficiency test designed to measure knowledge and skill in understanding and using written English. It is required of international students whose native language or previous language of instruction was not English, and some U.S. institutions will accept TOEFL scores in lieu of other test scores. FIRST PROFESSIONAL DEGREE APTITUDE TESTS(FPDAT) Dental Admission Test (DAT) is a knowledge and aptitude test administered to students seeking to enter accredited first professional degree programs in dentistry. The DAT measures knowledge and skills in biology, general and organic chemistry, and quantitative methods plus skills in reading and spatial perception and coordination. GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSIONS TEST (GMAT) is an aptitude test administered to holders of a bachelor’s degree seeking to enroll in accredited graduate programs in business administration and management. The GMAT measures analytical writing, verbal reasoning, and quantitative reasoning skills. LAW SCHOOL ADMISSIONS TEST (LSAT) is an aptitude test administered to students seeking to enter accredited first professional...
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...standardized testing in no way shows the true success of a student because it simply “reduce[s] education to the outcomes of a test, [and makes] the only incentive for schools and students to innovate in...
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...Whites Swim in Racial Preference Nathan Wood Sociology 111-001-F1 Ivy Tech Community College Muncie, Indiana The article “Whites swim in racial preference” is a phraseology comparison of fish and water in regards to the privilege of being white or Caucasian. The article by Tim Wise points to the ignorance of the most powerful man in the world in regards to the racial divide in this country even at the highest level of education. Wise also mentions a government loan program in the form of FHA loans to as many as 15 million white Americans for over thirty years. Today FHA loans are now mainly used by low income families of African American and Hispanic homebuyers. (Dedman, 1998) Privileged whites now label FHA as a form of welfare, which is amusing since so many whites benefitted from the program from the 1930’s to 1960’s. Another reference in the article referred to hard working whites, differentiating themselves from minority groups that dot the labor landscape working as maids, garbage collectors etc…as if they care not hard working due them these workers being from a specific ethnic group. While some articles I have researched seem to think The FHA loan program, was a form of social control. However, I see this more as Social Stratification as A segment of society (15 million whites) shared a distinctive pattern of rules (FHA Loans) that differed from the pattern of the larger society. Obviously other social tags could...
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...Outline and Assess Features of an Ideal School (50 marks) In my opinion, the purpose of education is too teach students specific skills to students that would give them specific skills to help them in the future and continue to benefit them in later life. Education should be beneficial to the individual and that should be seen as most important, then this should automatically lead to it benefiting society completely. If every individual was being separately catered to in education where they are excelling well then this would create a problem free system. I think Marxists view schools as a control mechanism that is only beneficial to the capitalists. Whereas, functionalists view it as a teaching mechanism which ensure a consensus within society. Feminists view education and the education system as patriarchal and only really beneficial for men. My ideal school may not be appropriate for all individuals as not everyone is not guaranteed success in later life by being taught the skills we teach. I think the purpose of schools and education in general is to prepare a student for the next stage in their life. Education should be there to help you become the best possible person in the future. You should be prepared for important things in the future such as voting, money handling, bill paying, money managed meant and also things like how to live in a recession and how to deal with the stress of living in a recession etc. I think that this would ensure an ideal school as these are...
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...Affirmative Action Initiatives were created in order to correct the wrongs of discrimination and to make equal opportunity a reality. Affirmative Action Initiatives were created by law to ensure equal rights for minorities and women as it pertains to college admissions and promotions within the workforce. The affirmative action initiatives have been scrutinized since its inception. The creation of the initiatives was the first step in a long battle to end discrimination. The original intent was to be aggressive with non-discrimination and to racially integrate the workforces. Affirmative action, originally (Consortium Journal Hospitality & Tourism, 2010) implemented as a means of righting past wrongs and leveling the playing field for minorities and women, has in some circles become a bad word synonymous with quotas, privilege, and reverse discrimination. Although the Initiatives were coined and created in 1961, it wasn’t until the Civil Rights Act in 1964, that racial discrimination was actually prohibited in the workforce. Those for the affirmative action initiatives view them as a positive. Opponents of the Initiatives believe the harm of racial discrimination has dissipated therefore affirmative action is not necessary. Those against believe that race based policies make minority achievement a white allowance and the failure of minorities a group stigma. Those against also believe the Initiatives were created as a means of compensating for all racially based...
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...10 Steps to Earn a High GRE Score The following is a guide to scoring high on the GRE test. If you follow these steps, your GRE score will improve. 1. Relax: Preparing for the GRE can be stressful. Try to focus on the task at hand and not so much on everything else you have to do. If you take GRE test prep step-by-step, day-by-day, and give yourself breaks when your body needs them, you'll be able to concentrate on GRE studies a lot better. 2. GRE Diagnostic Test: Begin GRE test prep with a GRE practice test to find out what you're good at, and more importantly, what you're not good at. Correct your completed practice test and evaluate the questions you missed. What kind of questions did you miss? Are they mostly Quantitative or mostly Verbal? What score would you give yourself on Analytical Writing? Did you miss a lot of analogies but do well on reading comprehension? With this information you'll be able to focus your GRE test prep studies on your weaknesses. 3. GRE Study Plan: With your GRE weaknesses in mind, make a very specific study plan for yourself. You should know what, how, and when you are going to study for the GRE test. Put your study plan somewhere in plain view, and make sure you stick to your plan. Try to keep GRE test prep interesting by planning to study different things in different ways. For example, study GRE vocabulary from flash cards one day, from a list the second day, and by reading and learning words in context the third day. 4. GRE Vocabulary: ...
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...him. Michael Crawford contended that Lee had attempted to rape his wife, Sylvia. The police arrested him for the stabbing, and after giving both Michael and his wife, Sylvia, Miranda warnings, they interrogated both husband and wife twice. The statement Michael challenged under the Confrontation Clause came from a tape recorded interrogation of Sylvia. In her second interrogation, she gave a version of the fight between Michael and the alleged victim that at least appeared inconsistent with her husband’s self-defense claim. Sylvia’s tape recorded statement was introduced at trial against Michael even though he had no opportunity for cross examination. In reviewing the statement’s admission by the trial court, the Washington Court of Appeals and Washington Supreme Court applied slightly different tests grounded in the framework described by Ohio v. Roberts, a system that looks for “adequate ‘indicia of reliability. However, the two courts reached opposite results. The court of appeals reversed the conviction, finding no “particularized guarantees of trustworthiness, while the Washington Supreme Court reinstated the conviction because it bore guarantees of trustworthiness. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari. It...
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...SUB INSP PECTORS IN CISF & INTELLI IGENCE O OFFICER IN NCB-20 I 011 Date of Exam: 28.08.2011 f 2 1 Closing Date : 24.06.2011 g 2 1 ORTANT IN NSTRUCT TIONS TO CANDIDA ATES IMPO 1. Commission will hold an All Ind Exami C n dia ination for recruitme to the posts of Subent In nspectors in Centra Police O al Organizatio ons (CPO Os), Assist tant Sub-I Inspectors in Central Indu C ustrial Sec curity Force (CISF) a Intellig and gence Offic cers in Na arcotics Co ontrol Bureau (NC CB). Grad duation fr rom a rec cognized University or equi y ivalent is the minimum e m education qualifi nal ication. The Exam mination w compr will rise of Wr ritten Objective T O Type Multiple Choic followe by Phy ce ed ysical Endurance Test, Med dical Examinatio and Inte on erview/personality t test. n he ated large n number of applicants scrutiny o the eligibility and o s, of other In view of th anticipa as spects will not be u l undertaken before th Written Examinat n he n tion and, therefore, the t ap pplication will be a n accepted only prov visionally Candida y. ates are advised to go a o th hrough the requirem ments of education qualification, ag physic standa nal ge, cal ards, et and sa tc. atisfy them mselves th they ar eligible for the p hat re e posts, as o the last date on of receipt o applicati f of ion. Copies of supporting do ocuments w be sou will ught only from th hose cand didates wh qualify for Inte ho y erview/pers sonality te est. Whe scrutin is en ny un ndertaken after the Written Ex...
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...( TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE EMPLOYMENT NEWS / ROZGAR SAMACHAR DATED 29-102011) FOOD CORPORATION OF INDIA NOTICE Combined Recruitment for Assistant Grade III in General, Depot, Technical and Account Cadres and Hindi Posts (AG-II and Typist) in the FCI, 2012 Closing Date: 25.11.2011 (Last Date : 02.12.2011 For candidates residing in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim, Jammu and Kashmir, Lahaul and Spiti District and Pangi Sub Division of Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep and for candidates residing abroad. APPLICATIONS RECEIVED LATE WILL NOT BE ENTERTAINED.) Date of Examination : 04.2.2012 & 05.2.2012 Assistant Grade – III (AG-III) Posts (General/ Accounts/ Technical/ Depot) Date of Examination: 22.1.2012 Assistant Grade-II (AG-II) and Typist (for Hindi Posts) The Food Corporation of India (FCI), one of the largest Public Sector Undertakings, dealing with Foodgrain supply-chain management wishes to recruit young and skilled Category III personnel for manning posts in its depots and offices spread all over the country. Applications are invited from Indian Nationals who fulfill the prescribed qualifications and age etc. for the posts indicated below. Staff Selection Commission (SSC), Government of India, will make recruitment to these posts on behalf of the Food Corporation of India under special dispensation given by the Government. The candidates selected through this recruitment for posts in...
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...accepted for inclusion in Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice by an authorized administrator of Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact jcera@law.berkeley.edu. The Legal Implications of Gender Bias in Standardized Testing Katherine Connort Ellen J. Vargyast TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. INTRODUCTION ....................................... THE FACTUAL CONTEXT ............................. A. The Scope of the Problem ............................ 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. B. Causes of Gender Differences in Test Scores ........... 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. C. Validity of the Tests .................................. 1. Post-Secondary Admissions Tests .................. a. Tests Which Predict Differently by Gender ..... b. Unvalidated Test Uses ......................... 2. Vocational Aptitude Tests and Interest Inventories. a. Failure to Measure Aptitude ................... b. Interest Inventory Validation Problems ......... D. The Factual Context: Conclusions .................... 14 17 17 18...
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...Pass or equivalent is the minimum qualification. The Examination will comprise of a Written Objective Type Examination followed by Data Entry Skill Test / Typing Test . The Commission will not undertake detailed scrutiny of applications for eligibility and other aspects at the time of written examination and, therefore, the candidature is accepted only provisionally. Before applying, candidates are advised to go through the requirements of educational qualification, age etc. and satisfy themselves that they are eligible for the concerned posts. Copies of supporting documents will be sought only from those candidates who qualify for the Skill Test/ Typing Test. When scrutiny is undertaken, if any claim made in the application is not found substantiated, the candidature will be cancelled and the Commission’s decision shall be final. BEFORE APPLYING, CANDIDATES IN THEIR OWN INTEREST ARE ADVISED TO GO THROUGH THE DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS NOTICE AND ALSO AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE OF THE COMMISSION( http://ssc.nic.in) Candidates seeking reservation benefits available for SC/ST/OBC /PH/EXS must ensure that they are entitled to such reservation as per eligibility prescribed in the Notice .They should also be in possession of the certificates in the prescribed format in support of their claim at the time of Skill Test/Typing Test Only those candidates with visual disability of 40% or more would be considered as VISUALLY...
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...Aptitude Testing and the Legal Profession 6 June 2011 Dr. Chris Dewberry Birkbeck, University of London 1 Acknowledgement: I wish to thank Chris Hutton for his help in compiling information in the section of this report entitled Aptitude Tests Currently Used in the Professional Services Sector, Appendix 3, and Appendix 4. 2 Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 6 The Background to this Report................................................................................................ 12 An Introduction to Aptitude and Aptitude Tests ..................................................................... 13 A Brief History of Psychological Ability Testing ....................................................................... 16 The Origins of Testing .......................................................................................................... 16 The Birth of the Modern Ability Test ................................................................................... 17 The Introduction of Group Testing ...................................................................................... 19 The New Science of Psychological Testing .......................................................................... 20 The Growth of the Ability and Aptitude Testing Industry ................................................... 20 Aptitudes and...
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...MBA Admissions Essay Powerful Tips for Improving Your Odds of Gaining Admission to the MBA Program of Your Choice Admissions essays are easily the most challenging part of the MBA application process, and it’s no wonder. Most people don’t like to write, and even those of us who do enjoy writing can come up blank when called upon to write about ourselves, especially when so much is at stake. The fact remains: If you want to go to business school, you have to be able to generate one or two thousand carefully chosen words that sum up your background and experience, your career goals, your reasons for seeking the MBA, and why you’ve chosen the program to which you’re applying. Step one: Relax. Writing admissions essays is stressful—it’s supposed to be stressful— but that doesn’t mean it’s impossible. Everyone who has ever applied to business school has written admissions essays, and so can you. All you have to do is submit essays that are a little bit better than most of the others, and if you follow the advice we’ll cover in the following pages, it will be a lot less painful. How to Write a Successful Most MBA essays are mediocre The good news is that most MBA admissions essays are mediocre at best. If you can at least come up with a marginally compelling narrative, and if you can spell and punctuate everything correctly—or know someone who can—you’ll automatically have an advantage over much of the competition. This guide is designed to help you get started (the hardest...
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...the reproduction of all or part of an assignment be required by the University for any purpose other than those mentioned above, appropriate authorisation will be sought from me on the relevant form. | OR, if submitting this paper electronically as per instructions for the unit, place an ‘X’ in the box below to indicate that you have read this form and filled it in completely and that you certify as above. Please include this page in/with your submission. Any electronic responses to this submission will be sent to your ECU email address (or, where relevant, the digital dropbox for the Blackboard site for LAW1100).Agreement X Date 29/3/2011 | PROCEDURES AND PENALTIES ON LATE ASSIGNMENTS - Refer to the University Admission, Enrolment and Academic Progress Rule 24 and the ECU Assessment Policy A student who wishes to defer the submission of an assignment must apply to the lecturer in charge of the relevant unit or course for an extension of the time within which to submit the assignment. Where an extension is...
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...GENDER-BASED AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND REVERSE GENDER BIAS: BEYOND GRATZ, PARENTS INVOLVED, AND RICCI ROSALIE BERGER LEVINSON* I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. History Behind the Affirmative Action Race/Gender Anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. The Circuit Split on the Race/Gender Conundrum . . . . . . . . . IV. Analogy to Race-Based Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Remedial Purpose as a Justification for Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Diversity Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Arguments Against Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. INTRODUCTION The blockbuster race discrimination cases in recent years have all involved affirmative action and reverse discrimination. The Supreme Court has made it clear that race classifications, whether benign or invidious, will trigger rigid strict scrutiny analysis, which requires that the government prove its program is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest. In 2003, the Court, in Gratz v. Bollinger,1 ruled that while student diversity in educational institutions may be a compelling interest, an affirmative action program...
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