...Contents Introduction 1 Balance sheet Income statement Describe two principle financial statements their users, format, frequency and content 2 Financial accounting Management accounting Compare & contrast financial accounting and management accounting 3 Describe the relevance ,application and limitations of financial ratio analysis with reference to three types of users of financial statement 4 Conclusion 5 1. Introduction. -Finance is one of the most significant elements in order to succeed in business performance. Managers are able to decide ways how they will proceed their business and what extent they will broaden or minimize the scale of their business through various figures of finance. Also, those of things help shareholders to predict organisation's promising. Accounting is a basic tool in figuring out how entity spend asset and how they make a profit or how loss happens. Some specialists such as managers, shareholder, accountants use these information. In accounting, there are some methods of analysing how healthy company's financial statement is. Some types of useful ways will be introduced on this essay and will be explained why accounting and finance is a crucial factors of business. 2 .Describe two principle financial statements(their users ,format, frequency and content) Balance sheet : it is a summary of the financial position of the business. It mainly consists of three factors which are assets, liabilities...
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...Accounting information is significant for internal and external users. Internal users Internal users consist of management, employees, owners and etc. Management Accounting information is important for management for evaluating the organization's performance and position and taking proper measures to improve the company results. Employees Accounting information is need for assessing organisation's profitability and whether it will have any effect on their future remuneration and job security. Owner Lastly accounting information is needed for the owner for analysing the feasibility and profitability of their investment and determining any future course of action. Accounting information is presented to internal users usually in the form of management accounts, budgets, forecasts and financial statements. External users External users include creditor, tax authorities, investors, etc. Creditor It is used for determining the credit worthiness of the organization. Terms of credit are set according to the assessment of their clients' financial health. Creditors include suppliers as well as lenders of finance such as banks. Tax Authorities Accounting information is for determining the credibility of the tax returns filed on behalf of the company. Investors Accounting information is used by analysing the probability of investing in the company. Investors want to make sure they can earn a reasonable profit on their investment before they commit any financial resources...
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...as and a-level business Get help and support Visit our website for information, guidance, support and resources at aqa.org.uk/7132 You can talk directly to the Business subject team E: business-studies@aqa.org.uk T: 01483 477 863 AS (7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2015 onwards For AS exams in May/June 2016 onwards For A-level exams in May/June 2017 onwards Version 1.0 19 August 2014 aqa.org.uk G00395 Copyright © 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. AQA retains the copyright on all its publications, including the specifications. However, schools and colleges registered with AQA are permitted to copy material from these specifications for their own internal use. AQA Education (AQA) is a registered charity (number 1073334) and a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (company number 3644723). Our registered address is AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX. AS Business (7131) and A-level Business (7132). AS exams May/June 2016 onwards. A-level exams May/June 2017 onwards. Version 1.0 Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Why choose AQA for AS and A-level Business 1.2 Support and resources to help you teach 2 Specification at a glance 2.1 Subject content 2.2 AS 2.3 A-level 5 6 8 8 8 9 3 Subject content 10 Strategic decision making (A-level only) 3.1 What is business? 3.2 Managers, leadership and decision making 3.3 Decision making...
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... 2012 Peishu Liang (Athena) 22859 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF COCHLEAR FINANCIAL STUDY OF COCHLEAR CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES 3 4 5 6 8 9 2/10 Peishu Liang (Athena) 22859 Executive summary This report aimed at providing recommendations and suggestions through analysing and evaluating the company for a client who wants to do ethical investing in Cochlear. Background of Cochlear, critical evaluation of ethics and examination of financial performance will be provided. The information used for ethical analysis is based on secondary portfolio. In financial aspect, the ratio of return on invested capital is used for evaluating profitability. The report finds that Cochlear is operating ethically because it takes social responsibility such as setting the Graeme Clark Scholarship for helping a number of recipients to finish their further education. Moreover, through analysing return on invested capital, it can be found that profitability of Cochlear shows an upward tendency. Based on these two results, this report recommends that Cochlear is a good choice to invest in. 3/10 Peishu Liang (Athena) 22859 Introduction This is a report which provides advices and suggestions for a client to help him or her to make an ethical investing determination through analysing the performance of Cochlear in terms of ethics and finances. The term of ethical investing, which is called socially responsible...
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...aTask 3 : As already we know the accounting is a process of recording,analysing,summarising the transactions.After recording the transactions into accounts we go to analyze them.The process of analysing is actually calculating the ballances of accounts.The summarising process is a actually a conclusion of accountant work.It shows the financial statement. Financial statements are one of the most importatnt statements for one company and are known two types of financial statement:income statement and statement of financial position. The income statement shows all income and all outcome of one company and her profits or loses for a period. The statement of financial positions shows all assets own from the company.liability and capital. And the two statements give the position of the company and give important information for creditors,investitors and management of the company.The investors are interested and from the two statement,because they must know profitability to the company where they put money(income statement) and where there went the money(statement of financial position.The creditor will be most interest from the income statement to see the profitability to the company and if they give loan it Can be turn back. For summarising for the two statement we can say that their signifiance is very important for the future of one company.The information provide in them is useful for creditors,investitors,workers and managers.Give a real possition of the company and help...
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...Business Intelligence as an indispensable tool for decision making in big companies * What is Business intelligence exactly? (Bapt ou Greg) Business intelligence, or BI for short, is a term that refers to competencies, processes, technologies, applications and practices used to support evidence-based decision making in organisations. In the widest sense it can be defined as a collection of approaches for gathering, storing, analysing and providing access to data that helps users to gain insights and make better fact-based business decisions. The basic components of Business Intelligence are gathering, storing, analysing and providing access to data (see Figure). Gathering Data Gathering data is concerned with collecting or accessing data which can then be used to inform decision making. Gathering data can come in many formats and basically refers to the automated measurement and collection of performance data. For example, these can come from transactional systems that keep logs of past transactions, point-of-sale systems, web site software, production systems that measure and track quality, etc. A major challenge of gathering data is making sure that the relevant data is collected in the right way at the right time. If the data quality is not controlled at the data gathering stage then it can jeopardise the entire BI efforts that might follow - always remember the old adage - garbage in garbage out. Storing Data Storing Data is concerned with making sure the data...
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...CPA Program The Practical Experience Guide EVE CHENG CPA SENIOR ANALYST BHP BILLITON Contents Practical experience requirement How to identify if your role is relevant Where do you fit? What skills areas do you need to demonstrate? Your mentoring relationship How to record your experience in the logbook The skills guide Personal effectiveness skills Leadership skills Business skills Technical skills 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 MICHELLE ROACH CPA 2 Practical experience requirement Did you know? Our studies show that members consistently perform better in their segments when they are enrolled in the practical experience requirement The practical experience requirement of the CPA Program gives you the opportunity to use the knowledge and skills gained in your education and apply them in your workplace. Combining your education with mentored practical experience will give you the opportunity to develop and demonstrate highly sought after technical and soft-skills that will benefit your entire career. Starting your practical experience requirement means that you are one step closer to your goal of becoming a CPA. CPA Australia recommends that you start the practical experience requirement and the professional level segments at the same time, if you are employed in a relevant role. What are the requirements? • complete a minimum of three years of relevant full-time or equivalent part-time work experience • demonstrate competence in 16 personal effectiveness...
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... 1. Introduction Credit rating agencies (CRAs) formulate and issue credit ratings for both companies (debt issuers) and individual debt instruments. Issuer’ rating represents a forward-looking assessment of the ability and willingness of an issuer, such as a corporation or state or city government, to meet its financial obligations in full and on time. Therefore, credit ratings are considered to be important drivers of bankscost of finance, its capital structure and ability to continue trading (Grayetal., 2006). Issuer’s credit ratings are therefore interesting since they represent the judgement of informed and modern financial analysts about banks credit worthiness. Most of studies of ratings focus on determinants of bond ratings, default probabilities or the reliability of credit ratings. To date, no generally accepted model exists as to what determine CRAs perceptions of banks’ credit worthiness. The current study tries to fill this gap in the literature by examining the accounting determinants of credit ratings of banks in two major markets where the recent financial crisis of2007/08 is believed to have started: i.e. the US and the UK. During the 2007/8 banking crisis, credit ratings are believed to have played a key role in this crisis (House of Commons’ report, May 2009). On one hand, it is argued that CRAs misled market participants by failing to reflect the difficulties faced by the banks in their ratings. This study...
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...1. Project Objectives and Overall Research Approach 2.1. Reasons for choosing Project Topic Area and Organisation The reason why I have decided on this Project Topic 8 about the business and financial analysis of organisation is because it is regarded as a popular agenda topic in many different investment forums, meetings and even verbal conversations. Such area of knowledge on “Analysing the business and financial health of organisation” is deemed important as it is evidently seen widely incorporated into many teaching syllabus and conventional business finance textbooks. For myself whose ambition is to become an audit partner of an accounting firm, such topic area will be extremely common in my field, and grasping such expertise is definitely a must given that becoming a master of it makes me competitive advantageous over others. Then again, I am especially fascinated concerning the success of Singapore’s duopoly public transportation system which is perceived as one of the key sector in the success of Singapore’s infrastructure. This duopoly transportation system is dominated by 2 major players, one of which is my choice of organisation, Singapore Mass Rapid Transport Corporation Limited. (Also known as SMRT Corporation Ltd). In fact, total number of passengers utilising public transport has been growing constantly since Year 2000. For the year ended 31 December 2010, a highest record of 726,034,000 passengers was achieved (Yearbook of Statistics Singapore,...
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...in chocolate and sugar confectionery founded by Milton Hershey in 1894. Hershey's is a public trading company and have filed their annual returns as a public trading company in the United States Securities under Form 10-K. In this paper, we will use the financial data in the Audited Financial Statement to compute the key financial ratios as an indicator for the Hershey's company in the global financial scale. Through calculations of the profitability, liquidity, stability and shareholder's interest; the five year trends from 2009 to 2013 will be analysed in both an internal and external environmental context as a determinant for the future growth. A brief comparison on key ratios will be made to Nestle, a similar competitor in the industry to appreciate Hershey's financial standing. The paper will conclude with limitations of the research paper and a summary of the findings. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii LISTS OF TABLES iv LISTS OF FIGURES v 1.0 Introduction and Background 6 2.0 Analysis 9 3.0 Analysis and Discussion 11 3.1 Analysing Profitably 11 3.2 Analysing Liquidity 15 3.3 Analysing Efficiency 17 3.4 Analysing Stability 18 3.5 Analysing Shareholder's Interest 19 3.6 Financial Analysis Comparison to Nestle 20 4.0 LIMITATIONS 20 5.0 CONCLUSION 21 REFERENCES 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 Appendix A 24 Appendix B 25 Appendix C 26 LISTS OF TABLES Table 1: Key Ratios for The Hershey's Company 23 Table 2: Key Ratio...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 Background of Business 2 Preliminary project scope 2 Target Market 3 Resource Required 4 Human Resources 4 Financial Resources 4 Physical Resources 4 External Market Research 4 Data Resource 4 Market Research Method 5 Exploratory Research 5 Descriptive Research 5 Casual Research 5 Types of Data Required 5 Primary Research Data 5 Secondary Research Data 5 Formal and Informal Research 6 Government Statistics 6 Trade and Business Association 6 Quantitative Research Data 6 Relevant Legislation 7 Introduction In this report, it will be discussed and reported about garden supply and nursery business, café business, and current development, also future development of the business. Marketing research as a first step is suggested to establish what the problem is, which it will be broken down briefly below. Background of Business David and his wife, Alison, have been in the garden supply and nursery business for the last 13 years. The business has prospered over the years. In the last 5 years, a small café has been opened inside the nursery, where about 3 years ago, the café operations was extended, includes trading hours extension, adding new menu, and extra tables and chairs, as well take-away food and sit-in dining are offered. Preliminary project scope Project name : Marketing research for garden and nursery business Project client/owner : David/Alison Project sponsor : David/Alison Project manager...
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...[pic] |Aotearoa Tertiary Institute | | | |NZ Diploma in Business (NZDipBus) | | | |648 Marketing Planning & Control | | | |2015 Trimester Three | | | |Assignment One | This assignment is to be completed and handed at Reception no later than 4.00 pm Tuesday of Week 6. This is an individual assignment. This assignment covers the topic Situation Analysis. You are encouraged to work with classmates in your study group however you must write and express your own ideas. A...
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...anniversary of his mentor Ben Graham’s legendary textbook, Security Analysis. In it, Buffett rejected the then growing (and now entrenched) view in academia that markets are ''efficient'' because ''stock prices reflect everything that is known about a company’s prospects and about the state of the economy.'' Warren Buffett argued against EMH, saying the preponderance of value investors among the world's best money managers rebuts the claim of EMH proponents that luck is the reason some investors appear more successful than others. (Hoffman, 2010) This report will either agree with Buffet or somewhat sit on the fence. A market is said to be efficient with respect to an information set if the price ‘fully reflects’ that information set (Fama, 1970), i.e. if the price would be unaffected by revealing the information set...
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...1. Introduction 1.1 Topic Chosen The chosen topic for my Research and Analysis Project would be “The business and financial performance of an organisation over a three years period”. The project would be carried out by analysing the business and financial performance as well as business performance of the Singapore Airlines which is the national airline of Singapore and comparing with its competitor Qantas. It will also include the impact of other major internal and external events on the company’s performance. 1.2 Reason for choosing the topic and the organisation Before choosing the topic for my Research and Analysis Project, I went through all the titles provided by Oxford Brookes University to make sure that the topic chosen would be not only feasible but also within my ability to find the information for the report. In my opinion, analysing the business and financial performance of the organisation would be the most important thing that should be understood by the modern day accounting profession. By choosing this topic, not only applying my knowledge but also it is much more related to what I have been studying so far. Studying Financial Reporting paper (F7) and Business Analysis paper (P3) support and provide basic knowledge in analysing the chosen organisation and undertaking my research project. The reason for choosing the airline industry is due to the fact that it plays significant role in our life. Without these industries, it may take...
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...INTEGRATED ANALYSIS HOW INVESTORS ARE ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE FACTORS IN FUNDAMENTAL EQUITY VALUATION FEBRUARY 2013 Co-funded by the PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT In September 2011 the PRI Initiative convened a working group of signatories to investigate how equity investors and analysts are integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) analysis into their fair value calculations. The members of the ESG Integration Working Group are: Neil Brown Alliance Trust Investments - Working Group Chair Bruce Kahn Deutsche Bank Climate Change Advisors Andre Bertolotti Quotient Investors Masahiro Kato Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation – observer Paul Bugala Calvert Investments Tony Campos FTSE Group Erica Lasdon Calvert Investments Cécile Churet RobecoSAM Barb MacDonald British Columbia Investment Management Corporation Leanne Clements London Pension Funds Authority Mary Jane McQuillen ClearBridge Investments Jennifer Coulson British Columbia Investment Management Corporation Christie Stephenson NEI Investments Lisa Domagala Solaris Investment Management Ralf Frank DVFA (Society of Investment Professionals in Germany) Dr. Hendrik Garz Sustainalytics (previously employed by West LB) Bryan Thomson British Columbia Investment Management Corporation Mike Tyrrell SRI-Connect Stéphane Voisin Cheuvreux Niamh Whooley Société Générale Robert Hauser Zürcher Kantonalbank (ZKB) Between...
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