...Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories Melanie Gruber PSY/405 Chalice Jenkins March 25, 2012 Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories When it comes to the definition of learning theories, it is often described as the process in which human beings learn. This also includes how an individual adapts to a relatively permanent behavioral change with a constant reminder of its potential (Feist & Feist 2000). The most noteworthy learning theories within this analysis include Bandura’s social cognitive theory, Skinner’s behaviorism, Rotter and Mischels cognitive social theory and lastly, Kelly’s psychology of personal constructs. Carl Rogers was known for his humanistic and existentialism theories while May and Maslow were able to adopt a holistic approach. This method was able to determine psychological health and human existence by means of value, responsibility, personal experience, spirituality, human potential and self-actualization (Colman, ed.,2010). Within the combined knowledge of learning and humanistic/existentialism theories, we are able to thoroughly understand the nature of human beings along with their developing personalities. Each stem from a reaction to external environments especially within the social structure; this is known to accommodate the prevailing affects of an individual’s own internal climate. Personality as it Affects Situational Behaviors Cognitive, environmental, and behavioral conditions...
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...Personality Analysis Dannielle Schilling Theories of Personality PSY/405 December 06, 2011 Jessica Robbins Personality Analysis Personalities are not an exact science and determining an individual’s personality can be subjective. Personalities change in situational behaviors and what one may consider to be the norm may change when uprooted from the norm. Humanistic theorists try to focus on the present and not look back on to the past to explain personality. Dispositional theorists focus on the uniqueness of an individual through his or her traits, which explain personality. Famous theorists of both approaches that this paper explores further are: Carl Rogers and Gordon Allport. Rogers spoke about healthy development in terms of how the individual perceived themselves, while Allport discussed personality in the characteristics of traits. Personalities can sometimes be described through behaviors and characteristics, product, and processes. Personalities have substance and are capable of change. Personality in situational behavior Personalities far from behaviorist viewpoints are not an exact science. Theorists agree that personalities usually are predictable. There is a portion of predictability that not consistent because of the freedom individuals possess. It is when the response to a situation is outside of what is typical that it becomes unpredictable. For example, a person who is generally calm and does not over-react is put into a traumatic...
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...Personality Analysis PSY 405 August 19, 2013 A large number of psychologist and philosophers have examined, tested, researched, and analyzed theories associated with behavior and personality. Theories of personalities provide the significant factors, influences affiliated with personality development as well as the ideas of traits; one’s culture, religion, beliefs, and factors such as disabilities, drugs, alcohol, and influences such as a parent, teacher, object needs or wants, and other affects related to personality. In this paper the subject to explain is the theoretical approaches of humanistic and existential theory, and the dispositional approach theory. The paper includes theoretical approaches, and the role of personality and behaviors. Including personality characteristics that contribute to these theories, along with the interpersonal relationship’s associated with the humanistic, existential, and dispositional theories. Personality theories can have a wide range from development, behavior, influences, and other factors associated. Well-known theorists Freud, Erysenck, and Maslow, are just a few who set the foundation of personality theories. Today these theories are included in the personality development, influences, and behaviors. One’s personality, behavior, characteristics, and traits are what makes individual’s unique. Developmental process of personality occurs through life, one’s experiences, one’s environmental conditions, heredity, and one’s behavior...
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...Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans learn or how they accommodate a relatively permanent behavioral change or its potential (Feist & Feist, 2000). Learning theories within this analysis are Skinner's behaviorism, Bandura's social cognitive theory, Rotter and Mischel's cognitive social theory, and Kelly's psychology of personal constructs. Humanism and existentialism theories of Rogers, May, and Maslow adopt a holistic approach to psychological health and human existence by determining meaning, values, tragedy, personal experience and responsibility, human potential, spirituality, and self-actualization (Colman, ed., 2010). Combining the knowledge of both learning and humanist/existential theories paints a broad picture of human nature and personality as it develops by reaction to the external environment, especially within the social framework while accommodating the powerful affects of one's own internal climate. Personality as it Affects Situational Behavior According to learning theory, individuals behave according to the reciprocity of environmental, cognitive, and behavioral conditions. Personal beliefs of whether or not they can accomplish the task influence people's ability to do so. Bandura (1997) calls this expectation self-efficacy. He believed the strength of personal efficacy heavily influences how an individual reacts in a given situation. However, even though a...
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...Table of Contents Conditioning 3 Memory 14 Thought 21 Perception 25 Sensation 33 Personality Theory 39 Abnormal Behavior 49 Psychotherapy 56 Emotion 59 Motivation 62 Social Psychology 70 Intelligence 75 Physiology 78 States of Consciousness 84 Statistics 88 Human Development 91 Conditioning What are the laws of learning? What are the things that glue in our knowledge of the world? We are talking about the role of experience in shaping our lives. The rules of learning give us great adaptability. There are three basic types of learning. They are habituation, classical conditioning, and instrumental conditioning. Imagine a worm. When the tide is in, it comes out. It has extensions from its head, getting particles from the outside. So it comes out of its hole to snatch these particles. It has one fear though: seagulls. The worm is delicious to them. They see him and they eat him. The worm has a detection system wired in though. When there is a shadow, he ducks. It is a hard-wired reflex. Sometimes, however, shadows don’t mean a darn, like on a cloudy day. If it doesn’t come out because of the shadows, it will get nothing done and starve to death. Therefore, if the shadows are too frequent, it will ignore them. There...
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...Page 87 Chapter 9 The Seven Deacons [This chapter is based on Acts 6:1-7.] In those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration." The early church was made up of many classes of people, of various nationalities. At the time of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, "there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven." Acts 2:5. Among those of the Hebrew faith who were gathered at Jerusalem were some commonly known as Grecians, between whom and the Jews of Palestine there had long existed distrust and even antagonism. The hearts of those who had been converted under the labors of the apostles, were softened and united by Christian love. Despite former prejudices, all were in harmony with one another. Satan knew that so long as this union continued Page 88 to exist, he would be powerless to check the progress of gospel truth; and he sought to take advantage of former habits of thought, in the hope that thereby he might be able to introduce into the church elements of disunion. Thus it came to pass that as disciples were multiplied, the enemy succeeded in arousing the suspicions of some who had formerly been in the habit of looking with jealousy on their brethren in the faith and of finding fault with their spiritual leaders, and so "there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews...
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...RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY Student’s name Prof’s name Course title Date The personality of an individual is not a static condition but rather a dynamic one which is affected by the environment as well as the nature of the individual. Changes in the personality of a person is inevitable especially in a continuously changing environment. That person requires new mechanisms to be able to cope with the environmental changes. However, some personalities are consistent even with these changes. The events we experience in our lives are very crucial in shaping our personalities.There are however other factors that were very crucial to the same. The most important of them all is culture. Culture is one of the most influential factors and is the values, beliefs and norms shared by a specific group of individuals. The way we behave and live in the society is influenced by our culture thus having a great impact in our personality development. This is evident with most people hailing from the same area have many similar personality traits (Kohler E, 2002). As a child I was naïve and always made several mistakes in life. Sometimes I would even try to do something I had been warned not to do just to know the reason for been denied that chance. Trusting individuals was a problem as the people I was open to were my parents and some close relatives. This trait has changed over time and nowadays I have close friends with whom I can share my troubles with within my age group. I...
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...Personality Analysis Personality Analysis The personality of an individual is what makes him or her unique among others. That same uniqueness is what makes each person interesting to study and observe. The same set of identical twins may have all the same genetic makeup, but he or she will still have an individual personality to call his or her own. The study of personality is quite complex and involves many ideas and theories from wide variety of scholars. Personality is also something people can share and relate to with one another. According to Allport, “Personality is about what is unique to the individual, but it is also about what is shared across people” (Allport, 1962). Although there are several approaches to the personality analysis, this paper will specifically focus on the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches. This paper will compare and contrast these theories, explore the characteristics that accompany these theories, and explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with these particular theories. Psychodynamic Theory The theory of psychodynamics is the basic study of all psychological abilities that place an influence on human behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). This may especially include the compelling relationships among the motivation of the conscious and unconscious, which were the ideas of Sigmund Freud. Although Freud established the ideas of “psychodynamics”...
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...Solutions Regarding the Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnostic Criteria Although definitions of mental illness have changed over time, many problems still exist within the world of mental health. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, used to diagnose mental illnesses, is not perfect. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of many disorders addressed within this manual, and problems exist within the diagnosis of this disorder too. As it currently stands, the DSM diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder is not sufficient because of issues with under diagnosis, potential misclassification, stigma and gender bias. Before discussing if the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual...
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...Personality Theory Analysis Jesica Peterson PSY405 August 10, 2015 Patti Tolar Personality Theory Analysis There is no one single definition of personality; however, there are many different theories on how they develop. The description of personality given by Feist, Feist, and Roberts is that “personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior” (p.4). Many different theorists have taken their own approach to this description and developed different theories as to why and how personality develops in each individual. Throughout this paper the two theories that will be discussed are Dispositional and Humanistic theories of personality. Dispositional Theory of Personality Dispositional theories of personality hold the assumption that each individual possess stable, long-lasting dispositions in order to portray specific behaviors (Westmont College, 2002). The dispositions that each person has appear in various and diverse situations. The display of disposition can help predict behaviors in future situations (Westmont College, 2002). Each individual has a different set of dispositions that imply uniqueness in that individual (Feist, Feist, & Roberts, 2013). Gordon Allport was a theorist who was best known for his trait theory of personality (Cherry, n/d). He developed his theory by searching through the dictionary for words that seemed to describe personality...
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...In my youth, my mother told me that my personality was extremely trusting and warm. I suppose you could say that I was the perfect example of a sunny personality. She said I would even make strangers smile and my respectful nature was always a huge bonus winning over even the crankiest individual. That of course all ended when I endured the cruelty of public school’s relentless bullies, life’s hardships, molestations, and financial difficulties. My personality hardened, I became withdrawn, less trusting, bitter, and unapproachable. I could not stand to be around a lot of people, share my things, or tolerate strangers touching me. My life became miserable and I developed a deep depression which made me fear being too happy. I knew that anytime I would have a somewhat good day the next day was always bad or some type of negative situation would arise. The bright and sunny personality I had so long ago was gone and in its place sat the personality of a slightly disturbed and angry individual. An individual fighting each day for an ounce of justice or succumbing to depression fearing what lay ahead. It is difficult to pin point which aspects of my personality have stayed consistent, what little remained of my youth must be the small bits of sunny personality I have towards someone long after I get to know them. Though my personality remains unapproachable and hard, those that do take the time to talk to me find warmth and kindness often making them feel the need to...
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...Retrospective Analysis of Personality Written By: Keisha G. Roberts Tulane University Dr. Bernard Curry PSY 105: Introduction to Psychology December 2, 2015 Abstract “Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. The other is understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a whole.” (Encyclopedia of Psychology) In this essay, I will explore the traits in my personality that have changed and the traits that have remained unchanged over the years. I will also explore how nature and nurture have shaped my personality, the inaccuracies and biases that I find and compare my findings to systematic studies that are considered more valuable than individual accounts. Retrospective Analysis of Personality As far back as I can remember, three personality traits stick out to me, being very observant, sarcastic and introverted. I was always very observant, quiet and shy. I didn’t have many friends as a kid due to me being so quiet. Now that I think about it, I never really wanted a lot of friends when I was younger. I was very mature for my age meaning, when other kids would be outside doing what most kids in those days did, I would be in my room curled up with a book or drawing. I watched how my peers would act, and most of...
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...Retrospective Analysis of Personality Intro to Psychology August 31, 2014 I found doing this paper quite exciting to a certain point, until I really took a moment to glance back into my life and see the changes that have taken place. Through the years I have wondered what made me change my personality towards the way I look at things but now I see why. I drastically made those changes due to the different people and environments I have been. My personality started out as helping anyone I could, even if it left me broke. I still had that great feeling of helping someone out. My sense of humor and acting silly is something I can’t change because I myself enjoy it so much and need it; in this day and age. I have change me eagerness to help people if it means coming straight out of my pocket. I have been used, cheated, and lied to for reason I wouldn’t know why. But this is what has become of our world, and cause me to be more protective of my feelings as well as my outlook. It’s quite sad to add that majority of my friends I can’t like I use to but just as the saying goes. Keep your friends close but enemies closer. Fast-growing understanding of the human genome has made it clear that both sides of the debate have merit. Nature endows us with inborn abilities and traits; nurture takes these genetic tendencies and molds them as we learn and mature. That’s it, right? Ha! The "nature vs nurture" debate still rages on, as scientist fight over how much of who we are is shaped by...
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...I am an ISFJ too! The description described my personality and traits accurately. I went on another site to read about my type and the strengths and weaknesses were spot on! According to your post, this type accurately described your personality as well. This test should be used for supporting purposes only when hiring someone. It should not be used by itself to determine whether someone gets the job or not. I agree with your advantages and disadvantages concerning the test. The test results give you information about how you think and feel in your personal life and in your social life. It is in-depth with the answers, so it gives you more to think about. Another advantage is that these personality tests "are relatively inexpensive to administer...
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...Personality can be best described as the set of, “behavior, feelings, and thoughts across time or across situations,” that can be attributed to a person (Twenge & Campbell, 2017). A personality disorder refers to a notable deviation from the norm in the usual personality patterns of an individual (Smith & Segal, 2017). Given this, affected people often experience a wide range of symptoms that can be attributed to different personality disorders, those of which can be loosely grouped into three categories: suspicious, emotional/impulsive, and anxious (Mind, 2016). Borderline personality disorder happens to be a subset of the emotional/impulsive category, and thus, it would not be unreasonable for one to presume it being distinguished by high...
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