...Introduction to International Law - Spring 2015 Exam Feedback Prof. David P. Stewart General The best exams gave clear, precise and well-organized answers to the specific questions posed; they reflected a clear understanding of and an ability to apply the principles, provisions and substance covered in the course; and they demonstrated clarity of analysis and thoughtful (even insightful) observations evidencing preparation participation and attention to assigned reading material and our class discussions. In many respects, the questions asked for your judgment and (for Parts I, II and III) no single answer was necessarily correct (for example, on justifications for the use of force, the risks and benefits of ratifying CEDAW, and on the nature of international law). Thoughtful, reasoned answers counted in favor. At the same time, there were correct and essential answers to some aspects of the exam. For example, either you knew or did not know the essential provisions of the UN Charter, the basic rules regarding use of force, what constitutes genocide, the jurisdiction of the ICJ, CEDAW’s requirements, the difference between immunity and inviolability, the difference between a party and a signatory to a treaty, etc. Wrong answers counted heavily, including especially in part IV. Failure to answer a question, or portions of a question, counted seriously against the overall evaluation. Long, discursive recitations of the history and principles of international...
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...Rodjanét Williams History 101 Professor Saul Panski April 22, 2013 To Justify War or Not to Justify War? That is the Question On May 11, 1846, James K. Polk delivered his address to Congress requesting a Declaration of War on the Republic of Mexico. President Polk justified his war by saying in his message that Mexico had attacked American troops and invaded the United States. He also brought up the issue that initially brought about all of the tensions between the U.S. and Mexico, which was the Mexican government had not been cooperative in negotiations over the Texas boundary. Polk, as well as most of the rest of Americans at this time, saw the declaration of war as a legitimate and natural expression of America’s Manifest Destiny, which will be later explained. The question remains, however, was Polk’s declaration of war on Mexico really necessary, let alone justified? Was peace what he really wanted, or was his true intention just to acquire more land and expand the U.S. westward as fast as he could? President Polk did appear to have taken several steps to try to avoid an armed conflict with Mexico. First, Polk tried to reopen diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Mexico by sending an envoy, Mr. John Slidell of Louisiana, invested with full powers to make adjustments to the current state of affairs between the two countries. He sent this envoy, seemingly, as evidence that he did not want war, but peace and harmonious engagements between the U.S. and Mexico from there...
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...Morality of War Nicholas S. Chavez University of Phoenix Introduction War has been around since the beginning of time; and the causes always differ from the last. Many questions arise in a society because of it, such as death, casualties due to involvement, the overall outcome projected, etc. The most highly debatable topic pertaining to any war that those causes play a factor in is whether it is justified or not. Sacrifices are made overseas as well as on the home front with the families of the men and women giving their lives for their country. In turn, those sacrifices can make those families believe their loss could have been for an unjust cause, making it difficult for war to be supported. On the other hand, there are sacrifices in a war taking place today, and have in the past that families and the ones fighting see as justifiable. To determine the justifiability of war, one must consider all sides and all factors, as well as their effect on the overall society. Sacrifices Made When a loved one is deployed overseas to defend his/her country, all that can get them through, is knowing that their family is waiting for them and hoping and praying that nothing happens to them. The death of a loved one, which many fortunate people, don’t have to experience, is extremely hard on a family and delivers a crushing blow which can cause anyone to break down. When a family member passes away from being sent overseas, it can take a toll on how someone feels about a war and if...
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...for military purposes. Human operators had to manually review each transmission, and cryptanalysts pored over military ciphers in an attempt to decode important messages. As wireless communication has become an integral part of commercial and individual existence, and potential threats to security are increasingly found in peacetime and on home ground, the scope of this intelligence gathering has likewise broadened. One of the most controversial eavesdropping systems in existence is a classified project known as ‘Echelon.’ Its use of computer hardware and software to filter communications from all over the world brings up many ethical issues related to the impact of computers on privacy. Overview of Echelon Most of the evidence for Echelon is circumstantial, though a few facts have been established. The participating organizations (notably the US Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Agency) have neither confirmed nor denied its existence. In lieu of a discussion of the ethical issues, a brief summary of the current knowledge follows. How it Works Echelon is the product of Cold War efforts to monitor wireless communications in the USSR. It traces its roots back to the clandestine UKUSA alliance, a communications intelligence agreement that dates back from around 1947. Member nations include the US, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It is now known that the system has been in existence for at least 20 years.[1] In the past, high...
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...Potency" (letter, Feb. 13). According to the writer, marijuana with high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC (the chemical that causes the psychoactive effects on the abuser), is not a new phenomenon, and this high potency should not be used as a reason to keep marijuana illegal. Marijuana is not the same drug it was 20 years ago. Special fertilizers, plant hormones and steroids, carbon dioxide and advanced indoor horticulture techniques are used by the informed grower to "push" the plant to produce the highest grade, most potent variety of marijuana, sinsemilla. Because of its potency, domestic marijuana is the most highly prized cannabis product in the world. In 1970, the average THC content of a marijuana plant was 1.5 percent. The THC content of today's sinsemilla variety ranges from 8 percent to 20 percent. Today's marijuana is a drug that is significantly more potent than it was during the Woodstock era. The writer then states that "if the Government really believes that stronger varieties of marijuana are less desirable, then it has one more reason to support legalization. If cultivation of marijuana were legal, growers would not be pressed to produce the strongest possible product, and health authorities would be able to regulate its production and strength." This logic doesn't hold up. Why would a marijuana abuser opt for a less potent drug when stronger varieties are available? As health regulators distributed the lesser drug, illegal growers would be pushing their...
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...University December 12, 2012 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author. I have cited all sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page……...…………………………………………………………………………………1 Table of Contents…………....…………………………………………………………………….2 Definitions and Terms…………………………………………………………………………......4 Chapter 1 – Introduction…………………………………………………………….…………….6 Background………………………………………………………………………………..6 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………………….8 Purpose of the Study…………………………………………………………………..…10 Research Question(s)………………………………………………………………...…..10 Chapter 2 – Literature Review………………………………………………………………...…11 Legal and Ethical Issues in Security……………………………………………………..11 Security Administration and Management………………………………………………14 Business Asset Protection………………………………………………………………..16 Emergency Planning………………………………………………………………......…17 Information System Security……………………………………………………….……18 Behavior Issues……………………………………………………………………..……20 Chapter 3 – Methodology…………...………………………………………………………..….23 Research Design………………………………………………………………………….23 Data collection…………………………………………………………………...25 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………...…..…25 References………………………………………………………………………………………..28 Definitions and Terms AF: Air Force. AFI: Air Force Instruction. Adjudicative Guidelines: guidelines set by OPM used to...
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...could then well be the rejection of that which requires faith for salvation or actualization and would span to include anything from theology to secular ideology. Within nihilism faith and similar values are discarded because they've no absolute, objective substance, they are invalid serving only as yet another exploitable lie never producing any strategically beneficial outcome. Faith is an imperative hazard to group and individual because it compels suspension of reason, critical analysis and common sense. Faith is "don't let those pesky facts get in the way of our political plan or our mystically ordained path to heaven"; faith is "do what I tell you because I said so". All things that can't be disproved need faith, utopia needs faith, idealism needs faith, and spiritual salvation needs faith. Fuck faith. The second element nihilism rejects is the belief in final purpose, that the universe is built upon non-random events and that everything is structured towards an eventual conclusive revelation. This is called teleology and it's the fatal flaw plaguing the whole rainbow of false solutions from Marxism to Buddhism and everything in between. Teleology compels obedience towards the fulfillment of "destiny" or "progress" or similar such grandiose goals. Teleology is used by despots and utopian dreamer wankers alike as a coercive motivation leading only to yet another apocryphal apocalypse; the real way to lead humanity by the nose - tell them it's all part of the big plan so play...
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...specifically because of the impact -- fear, confusion, submission -- it will have. Given the U.S. government's pledge to wage a war against terrorism, it is important to look at its definitions. According to both the Department of Defense (DOD) and the FBI, terrorism is "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." The DOD definition adds that a goal of terrorism can be "inculcating fear" (thus the psychological dimension), while the State Department is more elaborate, specifying that terrorism may include the use of biological, chemical or nuclear devices as well as the act of "assassination." The latter would suggest that assassinating bin Laden would be a terrorist act by our definition of the word; the former that allied forces in the fire bombings of cities in Dresden, and specifically the U.S., through its use of nuclear weapons to end World War II and of chemical weapons in Vietnam, has already engaged in terrorist activities, although the moral calculus and justification for these actions varies widely and in comparison with the terrorism of the enemies, such as Nazi Germany. This is the grand conundrum of defining terrorism; it is very difficult to separate it from acts of war, just or unjust. We all have heard the saying, "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter." And indeed, Osama bin...
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...The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy The opening of this story begins with an organized student protest at Georgetown University, where author Pietra Rivoli, who is a professor of finance and international business, is watching the students arguing statements. This immediately captures my attention as it begins to describe a common characteristic of a major University that I live near and attend many events at. The University’s organized peaceful protest allowed the public speaking through protesting on the topic of the evils of big corporations and the explanation of how these big corporations, Globalization, The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the international Monetary Fund (IMF) are exploiting workers all around the world. One speaker alluding to “sweat shops” particularly caught the attention of the author by exclaiming, “Who made your T-Shirt”? This statement sparked Rivoli’s intrigue that is a great use of foreshadowing for what the story will lead to. The traveling of thousands of miles and across multiple continents to find out “who” really did make these shirts. We all wear our everyday cotton “tee’s” without giving a second thought about the journey each T-Shirt had to go through in order to make it here to the United States. This sets the foundation for the rest of the book and explains its purpose. The first stop in this journey isn’t on foreign soil where I expected the book to lead off, but rather here in the Continental United States at the Reinsch...
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...presented to the School for Arts and Sciences and Distance Learning In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelors Computer Science Park University December, 2014 This paper or presentation is my own work. Any assistance I received in its preparation is acknowledged within the paper or presentation, in accordance with Park University academic honesty policies. If I used data, ideas, words, diagrams, pictures, or other information from any source, I have cited the sources fully and completely in a citation within the paper and also listed on the reference page. This includes sources which I have quoted or that I have paraphrased. Furthermore, I certify that this paper or presentation was prepared by me specifically for this class and has not been submitted, in whole or in part, to any other class in this University or elsewhere, or used for any purpose other than satisfying the requirements of this class, except that I am allowed to submit the paper or presentation to a professional publication, peer reviewed journal, or professional conference. This is not a draft, and is submitted for grading to satisfy in part the requirements for this course and the program(s) in which I am enrolled. In typing my name following the word 'Signature', I intend that this certification will have the same authority and authenticity as a document executed with my hand-written signature. Type Signature: Your Name Here...
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...crack was.” -Joseph Hall I. Background Analysis There are as many brands in the world as there are stars in the sky. They’re innumerable. However, no matter how many they are, there are those stars that shine the most. This is also the case for the brands in the world. Only a few are able to stand in the international arena. Some try to venture into the world market. However, those brand either don’t last long or they’re devoured by the competition. It is never easy to go international. The world’s top brands were started by normal people with extraordinary determination. And if you don’t have the kind of determination they do, then it’s best for you not to be too adventurous. A few of the brands that dominate the world are Nike, American Express, Samsung, Coca- Cola, Apple, Marlboro, Louis Vuitton, Toyota, Mcdonald’s, and many more. These brands didn’t become what they are overnight. As some would say, “Rome wasn’t built in a day.” They had to overcome hardships beyond whatever you and I can fathom but that didn’t stop them. For John Pemberton who concocted the formula we now call “Coke”, the 9 bottle per day he sold didn’t stop him from continuing his business. Today they sell 1.6 billion servings every day. Samsung started as a grocery store when Lee Byung-chul opened Samsung Sanghoe in 1938. The business grew and became successful and he moved the headquarters to Seoul in 1947. However, when the Korean War broke out, he had no other choice but to leave....
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...Graduate School Of Business & Entrepreneurship Assignment for Course: – Legal, Ethical and Social Value of Business Submitted to: Professor Submitted by: Muzna Ali Date of Submission: March 2012 Title of Assignment: Term paper CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledge and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared specifically by us for this course. ************************************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility of Bodog Online Gambling- Legal and Moral Issues Table of Contents Abstract- Muzna Ali………………………………….………………………………………...…4 Introduction- Muzna Ali………………..………………………………...……………………….5 Introduction to Legal Section- Byron Creech……………………..…….………………..……….6 Utilitarian Ethical Analysis – Wendy Burrion……………….…………………………….…….11 Kantian and Additional Ethical Theory-...
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...the entertainment buisness?” Candidate Name: Sumeth Madan Candidate Number: 1156FAGD011 Session: 2012-2015 Subject: ARCS Word Count : 4538 Supervisor: Hans Kirkels Draft – Final 19th June 2013 | Abstract: Background - Piracy in the Internet is defined as the evil force that is destroying the entertainment industry. This blame has been put on since the invention of the Internet and its file sharing ability. It has recently been observed that a significant number of reasons can help in proving that piracy does have a good effect on the society. Result – Distributing the three major entertainment industries such as the music industry, gaming industry and the Movie production industry the research helps in proving the question about why is piracy good to the society. Piracy is not only the back bone of the entertainment business but is also the backbone of the internet as by doing critical analysis we find that it even protects us from the government. Conclusions - A theoretical analysis, backed up by observation and intense reading and understanding of how the Internet and the piracy works we can conclude that the piracy has had good effects on the entertainment industry. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………… 2 Table of Contents…………………………………………………………... 3 ...
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...national company that is known all over the world. Its mission statement is to be the global leader in the sporting good industry (Adidas Group;2011A). The Group is made up of 7 different sub groups all designated to different sporting events for lifestyle choices. Adidas groups Internal communication consists of face to face meetings and online communications. Although they try to include all employees in these to functions they have yet to do this and are trying to improve the communications through a scheme in place called route 2015. The external communications at the Adidas group happen successfully though the many advertisements and celebrity endorsements the company use all based around lifestyle choice and major social and sporting events. However they must ensure that the Adidas groups reputation isn't tarnished though unethical business decisions, as in todays society its highly encouraged to act ethical in all aspects of business. 2. Introduction This report will provide a critical analysis of the corporate communications function at he Adidas Group. It will look specifically at the internal and external communication function and examine the effectiveness of the communications. 2.1 Summary of The Adidas Group The Adidas Group is a large multinational company that operates in practically every country all over the world (Adidas Group;2010). Its mission statement is to be ‘the global leader in the sporting goods industry with...
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...our schools; it still remains one of the most controversial issues today. The decision to take prayer out of public schools has become one of the most controversial issues throughout our society. The argument of whether or not prayer should be allowed in public schools is still misunderstood. When determining whether or not prayer should be allowed in public schools, it is important to consider both the advantages and disadvantages. In our society, 90% of America’s youngsters attend public schools. The children that attend public schools come from homes that espouse a variety of religious and philosophical beliefs (www.au.org). The pros and cons of prayer in public schools are not a cut and dry issue. There are many avenues to this matter. Pros arguments that have been expressed by people that approve of prayer in schools argue to banish prayer takes away the student’s freedom and molds them to be like non-religious students (www.religioninschools.com ). One of the advantages of having a freedom of religious beliefs is that it allows everyone to believe and practice whatever they want. A rising number of school related problems such as alcoholism, drugs, and pregnancy has been issues that students deal with daily. These social issues would benefit by not only addressing personal needs, but by nurturing and strengthening things that are...
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