...Analyzing and Improving a Test Using Statistics Maurice Isaiah McCall Introduction: Hypothetical Psychology Test This hypothetical psychology test consisted of five test questions. These test items and questions were not unambiguous and there were no evidence of instructions or explanations given for either test question. In our text it was mentioned there were several steps the admitter need to take before administering, analyzing and improving a test or assessment. There was no evidence these test questions were constructed and that it matched any objective. However the guidelines for packaging the test states [items need to be in a similar format, grouped together, test items need to be arranged from easy to hardest, have items properly spaced as well as checking for directions, clarity and proofreading the test before it is reproduced and distributed]. (Kubiszyn & Borich, p. 223 & 224). It is very obvious these test questions lack validity and were poorly written, these test questions were more in line with the intended audience partaking in a survey. A survey question refers to the quantitative research or a statistical survey, for the sole purpose of collecting quantitative information about the general population or a product. Each of these test questions contained its own set of problems and uniqueness about them. For example every given answer had an asterisk mark beside of it and for any test taker this is a distraction, and the test itself was not...
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...getting my Bachelors. I will then compare two fields of psychology that I would like to possible seek a career in. Finally I will discuss the degree requirements for each what salary potential you will have if you seek a career in one of these to fields. The Benefits that helped me to decide to get a degree in Psychology are that an undergraduate degree can open up other opportunities in other career fields. According to American Psychological Association (2015), "An undergraduate degree remains excellent preparation for continued graduate work in Psychology or another field, such as business, medicine, or computer science. Many employers are interested in the skills that psychology majors bring to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data and their experience with statistics and experimental design." (What is psychology?). Another benefit is if you seek a graduate degree according to the According to American Psychological Association (2015), "Opportunities for people with advanced degrees in psychology are expanding in number as well as in scope. The move toward preventing illness rather than merely diagnosing and treating it requires people to learn how to make healthy behavior a routine part of living."(What is psychology?). This information is one of the most beneficial if you ask me. I also really want to enjoy what I do, and this is one thing that is important to me because if I am not enjoying my work then it feels like a task that will never end. According to...
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...| 1. Validity | This is the ability of a measuring device or test to measure what is supposed to measure (Kothari, 2011). | Different companies undertake market surveys to assess the consumer’s preference over their products in comparison to their competitors. A marketing report is considered valid if an independent marketer can determine that the report measures the client preference of the company. | 2. Reliability | Reliability is the capacity of a given test or instrument to produce consistent observations (Kothari, 2011). This means that similar outcomes must be observed when conducted by different researchers. | In many universities, students are given questionnaires by the administration to assess the effectiveness of their instructors. If a particular teacher is portrayed as inefficient by two or more classes, it can be said that the questionnaire is reliable in measuring the effectiveness of that lecturer. On the other hand, if the results from different classes are inconsistent, then the method is unreliable. | 3. Sample | A sample refers to a small group of items, individuals, or events taken from a larger one to assist in analyzing the later part. For a sample to be useful in assessing the population, its size should be large and collected in a random manner. | Before any medical innovation can be endorsed, pharmaceuticals have to conduct sampling. This happens when such companies test the medicine on animals or individuals before they can reveal that...
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...employee is happy at work, then the consumer will be happy, then the community will be happy as well. Organizational Psychology focus on individuals behave within an organizations and how their behavior affects the functionality of an organization. Jex and Britt (2008) stated, “Organizational Psychology is a field that utilizes scientific methodology to better understand the behavior of individuals working in organizational settings” (Ch. 1). Understanding how behavior impacts formal organizations allows improvements to be made that result in more effective functioning within organizations. The role of research and statistics in organizational psychology Research and statistics play a large role in the studies of organizational psychology. There are many methods of research and statistics used to determine information and answers to the many questions posed by organizational psychologists. When collecting data, researchers must be aware of several issues that can affect the validity of their research. Generalizing information across differing organizations can commonly lead to mistakes (Britt & Jex, 2008). In this paper I will actually explain the...
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... * DQ#1: What is the importance of statistics in business decision making? Describe a business situation where statistics was used in making a decision. 1. Using statistics to evaluate the performance of your business. Taking all factors into account, determine whether you are making or losing money. In addition, determine the trend of your business. For example, determine whether, over time, you are making more or less profit (or loss). Track the share of the market that your business holds, and how this changes over time. Evaluate all these factors for each product type, even each model, in your company's line. The statistics to use here are simple line and bar graphs of data. These data can alert you to where you need to change aspects of your business, and how quickly you have to make that change. Furthermore, statistics are an excellent way to determine how you should allocate your resources to increase sales. Sales in a given market are a result of a number of factors, such as pricing, the size of the sales force, and the type and number of advertisements placed. However, these factors will not be equally important for every product. You would use multiple regressions to determine which of these factors are most important, and how much changing your asset allocation (for example, the size of the sales force) will change sales. 2. Statistics: The science of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data. Descriptive Statistics - Finding The Skew 16,15,18,118 ...
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...Group Project: Coca Cola CocaProProposal Group Project: Coca Cola CocaProProposal Megan Bond (Team Lead) Taryn Keenan Allysa Kiedpool Krista Samples Nicole Smith July 12, 2014 BA 615 Dr. Mohammad Oskoorouchi Megan Bond (Team Lead) Taryn Keenan Allysa Kiedpool Krista Samples Nicole Smith July 12, 2014 BA 615 Dr. Mohammad Oskoorouchi Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Analysis & Approach…………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Pie Charts……………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Line Charts……………………………………………………....……………………………………..…5 Descriptive Statistics and Variation…………………………………….………………………8 Histograms…………………………………..…………………………………….……………….……10 Confidence Intervals…………………………………..……………………………………….……13 Hypotheses and Hypothesis Test…………….……………………..………………………..15 Scatter Plots and Correlation……………….……………………………………………….....18 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………22 Recommendations…………….…………………………………………………………………….…………22 Executive Summary As a company, Coca Cola always strives to keep their customers happy. The corporate goal is to deliver all customer orders with 100% accuracy and within the customer’s time window. A metric the company has developed to measure this is On Time and In Full (OTIF), which illustrates the percentage of the orders sent out on a particular day that were within the customer’s time window and with 100% of the cases the customer...
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...research CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING All final year students of Bachelor of Sciences (Hons) (Statistics), Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) are required to undergo the industrial training. The students will be placed in the government or private organizations of their choice for a period of three months, during which they are also required to design a research project. The following one month will be allocated for data analysis, report writing and oral presentation. This training is very beneficial and important to expose students to the various aspects of industrial practices and ethics. The students are also able to apply the theories and knowledge that they have learned to the projects assigned to them. 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING The objectives of the industrial training are: ❖ To expose students to the real working environment ❖ To train students being familiar with the organization structure, operations, and administration. ❖ To acquire real experience in solving research problems and apply appropriate statistical data analysis. ❖ To enable students to integrate the theory learned at UiTM with practice. ❖ To cultivate cooperative networking between industries and UiTM 1.3 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ATTACHMENT I had undergone my industrial training at Socio Economic and Environmental...
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...that typically begins with identifying a research problem or issue of study. It then involves reviewing the literature, specifying a purpose for the study, collecting and analyzing data, and forming an interpretation of information. This process culminates in a report, disseminated to audiences, that is evaluated and used in the educational community. (Creswell, 2002) In less comprehensive terms, educational research is an organized approach to asking, answering, and effectively reporting a question. Why Educational Research? Educators need to be consumers (and producers) of research. Creswell (2002) notes the following reasons, describing the various purposes of educational research: 1. Improve Practice Research can suggest ways of improving practice that have been verified with many applications and by many different types of people, which is difficult for practitioners. 2. Add to Knowledge Research can add to what we know about how people learn and what we can do help facilitate the learning process. 3. Address Gaps in Knowledge Research can address areas in which little is know, like perhaps the effects of online versus traditional classroom learning. 4. Expand Knowledge Research can allow us to extend what we know in ways we never conceived. 5. Replicate Knowledge Research can act as a test to verify previous findings. 6. Add Voices of Individuals to Knowledge Research can add an important perspective for different learning types. Much of the educational...
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...advantages to improving the quality of healthcare while keeping the costs of healthcare down. One system is known as the “Pay for performance” system. This system is aimed at improving healthcare by offering a financial reward. This type of program usually pays a bonus if the providers or hospital meet on an agreed upon performance measure, for example, reducing the hemoglobin A1c in diabetic patients. Hemoglobin A1c is a test that shows the average level of blood sugar in a patient within the past 2-3 months. This is important for diabetic patients to see whether their blood sugar levels have been on target or not. These incentives can be paid directly to physicians, hospitals, and other healthcare providers to ensure that their facility carries out such improvements and to achieve the most optimal quality of care for their patients. Another system is called “pay for performance”, where paying providers for resulting in better outcomes for patients, who in return will improve these outcomes. While both of these programs are a great way to improve the quality of healthcare by giving providers some type of motivation to improve their services, it can also come with some penalties. Hospitals and nursing homes can face financial penalties if their patient becomes ill while in their care, for example, a patient having a Urinary Tract Infection from that patient having to use a catheter. o Data Analysis Procedures One way the data analysis procedure is analyzing the information...
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...How to Establish AMIS and ADSS and Their Integration Content 1． Introduction to the Computerized Accounting Information System 3 2． Information the FA needs---AMIS 3 2.1. Information Content 3 2.2. Accounting Management Information System(AMIS) 4 3． Information the MA needs---ADSS 5 3.1. Information Content 5 3.2. Accounting Decision Support System(ADSS) 5 4． How to Meet the Two Competing Needs 6 5． Conclusion 7 References: 7 How to Establish AMIS and ADSS and Their Integration Introduction to the Computerized Accounting Information System Nowadays, computer and modern information technology have been widely used in accounting. Thus, computerized accounting is creating a good environment for the world’s financial. It was developing rapidly since introduced in 1980s, and was used in nearly 90 percent of company’s financial management. This change from manual mode to computerization is not only in the aspect of dealing and storing ways of accounting information, but also the impact of the theory and application. Computerized accounting has bee applied successfully and sufficiently in various professions. This computer process substituted the manual work of book-keeping, account, reimbursement, and as well as the analysis, forecast and decision making about accounting information, aiming at promoting the financial management and the benefit in economy and modernizing...
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...The Corporate War on Drug Abuse Presented to Wendy Keller Concordia University John Molson School of Business Comm 212 Section E Prepared by Bilal Sirhan Human Resource Specialist 6355099 November 24th, 2014 MEMORANDUM To: Human resources manager From: Bilal Sirhan, Human resource specialist Subject: Analysis of different policies for alcohol and drug abuse in the workplace Date: November 24th 2014 Here is the report, which was to be completed by November 24th 2014, concerning leading companies’ exemplary policies on substance abuse within the workplace. The study involved analyzing the different substances used by workers and evaluating different approaches that companies across North America take to help these individuals. Although the results presented show that a small percentage of people are actually considered as substance abusers in the workforce, there is evidence that the corporations succumbing to employees abusing drugs and alcohol suffer heavy losses. This even directly affects the economy as a whole in significant numbers. Therefore, we must establish a strong policy and different programs to help these workers overcome this issue. It is my hope that this report will allow our company to have the necessary information to establish the right strategies and support groups to anyone suffering from substance abuse. Please let me know if there are any further questions...
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...Gujarat Technological University Syllabus for New MBA Program effective from Academic Year 2011-12 MBA I Semester I Accounting for Managers (AFM) 1. Course Objective: The objective of the course is to acquaint the students with the language of Accounting and to develop in them the ability to evaluate and use accounting data as an aid to decision making. The main purpose is to assist the students in developing skills in problem solving and decision making in the financial area. Emphasis is laid on analysis and utilization of financial and accounting data for planning and control. 2. Course Duration: The course duration is of 36 sessions of 75 minutes each i.e. 45 hours. 3. Course Contents: Module No: Module Content No. of Sessions 70 Marks (External Evaluation) 17 I II Fundamentals of Accounting Basic understanding of accounting, Accounting Concepts, Conceptual framework of financial statements, Accounting Policies, Journal Entries and preparation of accounts - Trial Balance to Balance sheet and profit and loss Account, Recognition of Income and Expenses, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities Accounting Standards and Applicability: Disclosure of Accounting Policies (AS-1), Valuation of Inventories (AS-2), Depreciation Accounting (AS-6), Income Recognition & Accrual Income (AS-9), Accounting of Fixed Assets (AS-10), Accounting for Intangible Assets (AS-26), Accounting for Investments (AS-13), 7 7 17 III IV V Preparing and Understanding Financial Statements...
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...DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM AIMS TO SUPPORT BETTER BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING IN TELECOM SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Thesis Presented to the Faculty of INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Business and information technology By Muhammad Taimoor Khalid F09MB023 Contents DECLARATION 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 Executive Summary 8 INTRODUCTION 9 Decision Support System 10 Telecommunication Sector in Pakistan 13 PROBLEM DEVELOPMENT 14 Significance of the study 15 Study Objectives 15 Research Research Query#s 15 Relevant Variables 16 Dependent variables: 16 Independent variables: 16 Research Hypothesis 16 Hypothesis # 1 16 Hypothesis # 2 16 Hypothesis # 3 17 Hypothesis # 4 17 LITERATURE REVIEW 18 “ 21 “ 21 (Business psychology and organisational behaviour 21 “ 22 “ 22 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23 Introduction to chapter 24 Research Design: 24 Purpose of research 25 Data Processing and Analysis 25 Primary and Secondary data 25 Regression Equation 26 Comparative Analysis 28 Dss and Comapny 28 Respondent age 28 Respondent sex 29 Respondent Work Experience 29 Respondent Qualification 30 Research Query’s Analysis 31 Research Query# 1 31 Research Query# 2 31 Research Query# 3 31 Research Query# 4 32 Research...
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...Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE). In this research paper, we have also revealed the behavior of prices traded in Islamabad Stock Exchange, and how it behaves in different unusual events. Stock markets are the major contributor to economy. To test the weak form efficiency of Islamabad Stock exchange, we have tested Efficient Market Hypothesis. EMH is method to measure the stock prices trends in the market. Efficient market hypothesis also helps for making the right investment decisions. From two of decades, EMH has obtained much great importance in the field of finance. So it has attracted many researchers to explore the anomalous behavior of efficient stock market. Efficient market hypothesis has three main categories: 1. Weak form 2. Semi-strong form 3. Strong form. We will focus only weak form of market efficiency in ISE. Focus of the study is to analyze the weak form of ISE-10 in the stock market. For this purpose we have used different statistical technique for analyzing the data that is collected from the official website of ISE. Data will be in the form of weekly ISE-10 share index. Time period of data is From January, 2013 to December, 2013. To render this study to the conclusion, we have use the famous test of statistics. I.e. run test and ADF test to check the weak form of ISE. We have also focused on the random walk behavior of stock market of Islamabad. Because the price movement in random form, that investor could not predict the stock prices due to weak form. In weak form...
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...Obstructive sleep apnea is a very common form of apnea which affects an individual’s sleep pattern; this condition causes cessation of breath or shallow breathing while asleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when there are consecutive episodes of complete or partial blockage of the upper airway during sleep. This blockage in airway causes the diaphragm and chest muscles to work harder in order pull air into the lungs and can also reduce the flow of oxygen to vital organs and cause irregular heart rhythms. Patients diagnosed with this condition often experience an array of symptoms such as daytime sleepiness or fatigue, Sudden awakenings with a sensation of gasping or choking, Restlessness during sleep, arrhythmias and are at risk of developing ischemic heart disease and other vascular related problems (Hsu et al., 2007). Several treatment options have been identified for individuals with OSA including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), weight loss to reduce pressure on the diaphragm, dental appliances, and surgical procedures. This study assessed patients who have undergone the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) procedure to determine if their upper airways have improved after the procedure. To make this determination, researchers used quantitative video endoscopic computer-assisted measurement (CAM) to show improvement in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The researchers who conducted this study indicated that its design is prospective. Patients who participated...
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