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Ancient Greek Architecture Research Paper

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In ancient Greek architecture, there were three main "orders" that guided ancient architects. They were the Doric order, the Ionic order and the Corinthian order. There were also a couple lesser used orders called the Tuscan order and the Composite order. Each Order had a wide variety of rules that could be used in the design and construction of the temples. Shape, details, proportions all had to follow the rules of each separate Order. For example, the Doric order stated that the height of a column should be five and a half times more than its diameter. And the Ionic order stated it should be a smaller ratio, nine to one. Greek architects took the appearance of a building or a temple as basic guide line to the way they constructed it. …show more content…
This style can be recognized by its plain capital, top of a pillar, and the lack of its base (see figure 1). These columns also almost always have grooves that run the full length of it. In the Doric order they specified rules about the position of architectural sculptures. One specific example is how reliefs are never used to decorate walls in an arbitrary way. They must always be placed in predetermined areas, which are the metopes and the pediment. Another easily identifiable section of a Doric temple is by their non-continuous frieze. It usually had alternating arrangements of scored tri-glyphs and sculpted metopes. Doric order temples are mostly spread out on the Greek mainland and a few are in some areas of Italy. There is one structure of the Doric order that stands out among the rest; that is the …show more content…
This sculpture was made out of gold and ivory by Pheidias in 438 BC. The statue stood about 40 feet tall, as it does not still stand today. Historians have many records of its history due to a number of smaller marble copies of the statue, one being available on exhibit at the National Museum of Athens. In the statue, Athena stood holding a Nike, which was ancient Greeks victory symbol. It is seen to be an image of her offering the Nike to the Athenian citizens. In the other hand she holds a shield, and behind that there lies a snake. The statue was a hollow wooden armature that supported the outer surfaces of the golden drapery, and the ivory skin of Athena. The statue was placed in the south end of the Parthanon and was surrounded by a row of double-decked Doric columns along its sides as well as along the

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