...Nebuchadnezzar endured the Jewish populaces to inaugurate a cohesive group within Babylon around 597 B.C. Nevertheless, the subject of this essay will focus on the Christian assessment of the “Intertestamental Period.” For centuries, Christian intellectuals describe the era from the final quarter of the fifth century B.C. to the first century A.D. as the “Intertestamental Period.” This era arises with the reconstructing of the Jewish temple in the late sixth century, and terminating with its annihilation in A.D. 70. The “Intertestamental Period” represents a significant account of the supernatural hand of God throughout antiquity. The “Intertestamental Period” characterizes the period from the concluding of the Old Testament, the book of Malachi to the beginning of the New Testament, the book of Matthew. This era embraces about 400 “silent years”. The meaning of “silent years” embodies the various years where the voice of God is non-existent, and God ceased employing...
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...000 – Computer science, information, and general works • 000 Generalities • 001 Knowledge • 002 The book • 003 Systems • 004 Data processing and Computer science • 005 Computer programming, programs, data • 006 Special computer methods • 007 Not assigned or no longer used • 008 Not assigned or no longer used • 009 Not assigned or no longer used • 010 Bibliography • 011 Bibliographies • 012 Bibliographies of individuals • 013 Bibliographies of works by specific classes of authors • 014 Bibliographies of anonymous and pseudonymous works • 015 Bibliographies of works from specific places • 016 Bibliographies of works from specific subjects • 017 General subject catalogs • 018 Catalogs arranged by author & date • 019 Dictionary catalogs • 020 Library & information sciences • 021 Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal...
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...Baptist Theological Seminary Shirley D. Miller Student # 25014254 March 3, 2013 Contents Introduction 3 Alexander the Great and His Conquests (331-320 BC) 4 The Ptolemaic Period (320-198 BC) 7 The Seleucids (198-167 BC) 9 The Maccabees (167-135 BC) 11 The Hasmoneans (135-63 BC) 12 The Roman Period (63 BC-70 AD) 13 Herodian Dynasty 14 Bibliography 16 Introduction The Intertestament Period is the period between the books of Malachi and Matthew. This period is sometimes called the “quiet years” when in fact it was anything but quiet. This was a time of 400 years of war, destruction and dramatic change in the eastern ancient world. At this time, there were not any prophets that were sent by God. God was quiet and had not spoken to anyone to be a voice for His people. The changes during this time that faced the ancient world began with Alexander the Great. The Grecian or Hellenistic Period began with Alexander the Great. This paper’s significant event will focus on Alexander the Great and his crusades and how it affected the Jew. I will then focus on different kingdoms and their ruler ship during the Intertestamental Period. Alexander the Great and His Conquests (331-320 BC) Alexander the Great was born in 356 BCE. His father was King Phillip of Macedonia; his mother was Princess Olympia of Epirus. Alexander had always been a fearless, strong and eager to learn lad. He showed his fearlessness at seven years old while his father was away; “he cross-examined...
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...A summary of Civilization: Greek Era What really is education? It is not literacy, nor information. Education is a logical attempt towards human learning. There are two types of leaners, passive learners and purposely engaged learners. Purposeful engagement is said to equal successful learning; so instead of spending time getting interested, find what is interesting. Making connections is what creates learning. Everything we learn may not be interesting, but it is important to make connections to something that is. Find meaning in what is taught and interpret the idea, thinking deeply and meaningful about ideas helps discover new learning and interest. Intellect performance shows what we know what we are trying to portray. During the highest peak of the Greek era the society valued body and mind intellect; creating some of the most famous philosophers known to time. Main Ideas and Values of Ancient Greek Civilization Ancient Greek civilization has contributed too many parts of today's society. The teachings and doings of Ancient Greeks have contributed important lessons that many societies still use to base their own laws and ethics on. The Ancient Greeks realized values of loyalty, glory, intelligence and hospitality were important to incorporate into everyday life. Ancient Greek civilization valued dualism, truth and “good society”. Helping your fellow man was an important aspect of ancient Greek society. They offered food, shelter and protection to travelers without...
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...Biblical Worldview: Alternatives 10 Conclusions 11 Introduction Oswalt starts with a concise and well-written introduction that is compelling reading. He shares some very revealing personal information dating back to the 1960s, when he attended Asbury Theological Seminary. Oswalt quickly points out that one of the main points the book will focus on is determining if “the religion of the Old Testament [is] essentially similar to, or essentially different from, the religions of its neighbors.” In the introduction, he provides a brief overview of scholarly thought regarding the Old Testament literature and Ancient Near East literature and how perspectives have changed over the last 50 years. Oswalt states at the time he was introduced to the subject, scholars believed the Old Testament and its theology stood alone from other Ancient Near East religions. He now contends...
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...Philosophy of Culture Summary Sheet The second module covers Philosophy of Culture. This encompasses the three main world views. These views are theism, transcendentalism, and naturalism. First Week - Introduction The first class covered the introduction ot the Philosophy of Culture course by having us answer seven thought-provoking questions. Each question, though simple, was worded in such a way as to make one think about it in-depth. These questions dealt with our perception of reality and our thoughts concerning life and its meaning. It challenged our religious faith and made us declare not only what we believed, but why we believed it. We read “An Atheist’s Values”, a statement of secular humanism. We then wrote a paragraph describing the views of this type of naturalist. Although brotherly love, courage, cheerfulness, and dignity are promoted in the statement, no basis or foundation upon which these virtues should come is given other than the author’s opinion. We read and discussed in class the three basic world views. By studying these views, we will be able to understand the mindset of those whose world views differs from ours. Second Week – Overview of World Views Theism is the belief in one superior being, a creator or god. This can be broken down even further into monotheistic and polytheistic beliefs. Monotheistic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, believe in one god. Polytheistic religions, such as those practiced by the ancient Greeks...
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...Israel | | Irrelevant | | Crucial | Jews | | Replaced by the church; or irrelevant | | God’s chosen people | Judaism is one of the world’s oldest religions, dating back up to 2000 years BC from the time when God first called Abraham to leave his home and follow Him. At that time, God made a covenant (or agreement) with Abraham in which He promised to make Abraham the father of a great nation and that one day his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan if Abraham followed him. God’s plan was gradually revealed through the Old Testament and built on with further promises to Moses, David and the prophets. This plan in essence is to undo many of the effects of the fall (the sin of Adam and Eve in Eden which led to the loss of God’s initial blessing and made man God’s enemy). The key elements of this were: * a land (to replace Eden) * being blessed and being a blessing to others (to replace the curse) * a new relationship with God (to replace the broken one) Through Moses, God gave...
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...KENDALL FOR NEW TESTAMENT INTRODUCTION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE MASTERS OF PASTORAL COUNSELING DEGREE IN THE LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SEMINARY BY JASON MOORE OMAHA, NE OCTOBER 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………1 SILENCE WITHOUT SILENCE...……………………………………………………………..2 SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………….….7 iii INTRODUCTION For many people the transition from the Old Testament to the New Testament is strange and considerably confusing. Without knowing what took place in the “silent years”, it very well can be a difficult task to make the leap from the Old Testament to the New Testament. The Old Testament world looks and sounds completely different from the world the New Testament describes, however, the same spirit inspired the writings of both canons. It must be known to the reader that the Old and New Testaments complement each other. In order to get the full understanding and the entire picture of God’s Word, you must understand them together. But, in order to understand them together, there is the time period of 400 years that are not included. This 400 year time frame plays a huge part in understanding how the two different worlds of the Old and New Testaments come together to make a comprehensive story. The “Intertestamental Period” is a short amount of time in relativity to the rest of Biblical history, but this short time frame sets the stage for the New Testament. The period between the Old and New Testament can very well...
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...while Christian scholarship was the chosen education of Northern humanists. The classical Latin language of Cicero was an important part of both scholarship curriculums and both Alberti and Erasmus were fluent in Latin. The differences between scholarships were the exclusion or inclusion of Christian classics. Italian humanists unlike Northern humanists held the idea that the classic Latin language should be the chosen language of the elite. It was a common practice of Alberti to publish his writings in both Latin and Italian so that the elite and the less educated could read them. The study of cultural arts was a vital part of classical scholarship; however, Alberti lamented over the lack of interest and innovation that pervaded ancient Greek and Roman culture. He was disappointed that creative and innovative works were not in abundance amongst...
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...Dr. Malmude Monday/Tuesday, September 28/29, 2015 HY 101 D, E, F, J Western Civilization I Areas Covered by Next Week’s Exam Textbook Chapters: 1 and 2 Classroom Content Through Thursday-Friday September 24, 25, 2015 Content Areas Covered (26 Theme Areas): 1. Periods covered in Western Civilization, Parts 1 & II, from pre-historic times to the present (names of the main periods, with dates). 2. Neolithic, hunting and gathering, nomadic, mobile, non-rooted tribal societies. 3. The characteristics of the riverine environment. 4. Transitioning into a settled-irrigation-based systematic farming society with city walls and social/functional classes. 5. Warrior tribes, their common hunting and gathering ancestry, which they share with the very river-based societies whom they attack. The warrior tribes’ role in the creation of land empire. * 6. Four stages of writing and data recording. * Oral tradition- little writing passed down by word of mouth * Syllabic writing- focuses on the sound of word * Alphabet- phonecians roughly 26 symbols 7. Tangible and intangible infrastructure. * Tangible is physical infrastructure; intangible infrastructure is things such as language or attitude. Everyone has infrastructure. 8. Systematic farming and population increase. * Systematic farming leads to population increase. But how? * Systematic farming is an efficient way to feed people, it raises grain and grain...
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...Wesley Biblical Seminary. According to Oswalt, serious questions about the evolutionary paradigm inherent in the philosophy of Idealism were the result of the economic depression in the late 40’s. Since there was little separation from Idealism and the standard higher critical views of Old Testament that had prevailed for the past fifty years, there was cause for some rethinking about the Old Testament and the associated religion. This rethinking was led by William F. Albright, G. Ernest Wright, and others of the Harvard Divinity School. Sixty years later, it is widely accepted that Israelite religion is just one more West Semitic religion and that its characteristic features can be fully explained on through evolutionary change. Oswalt writes that no new discoveries led to this dramatic change in thinking. Because of the work of Karl Barth in 1950, the scholarly world was ready the idea of revelation in ways not found in the last couple of generations. Revelation assumes that this world is not self-explanatory and that some communication from beyond the world is necessary to explain it. Oswalt states that this idea is distasteful to humans in that humans are not in control of their own destiny. Although the biblical and Near Eastern data had not changed at all, the possible ways of explaining that data did change. Here, another feature of the Old Testament enters the discussion: the obvious similarities that exist between the literature and culture of Israel and the...
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...the fall of Constantinople led to Greek classical texts being read and translated in Western Europe. Some of these texts conflicted with the scholastic philosophy based on the limited ancient texts (mainly Aristotle) previously available. A particularly important one was the work of Sextus Empiricus, who was a skeptic. Another important text discovered at this time was On the Nature of Things by Lucretius which advocated a mechanistic universe. 3) the invention of printing led to the rapid dissemination of new ideas; 4) the discovery of the Americas led to the further discovery of information difficult to reconcile with Aristotle. Maps before Columbus look like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium Twenty-five years after the map above was printed we see the Waldseemuller map: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1272921/Ten-greatest-maps-changed-world.html . A whole new continent is added! Worse, in 1572 a new star appeared in the sky. Tycho Brahe’s careful observations showed that it was beyond the moon (Gingerich). According to Medieval Aristotelianism the celestial regions (beyond the moon) were unchanging. 5) Guns! The Knights were not so important as fighters and this again tended to raise the value of the common person vs, the noble. In the Battle of Castillon artillery was important in the final French victory of the Hundred Years War. The New Learning and newly discovered texts. The new classical texts that were discovered...
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...the Hellenistic Era with the battle of Actium, which was the pivotal moment that would later be defined as the end of Ancient Greece. Yet, while the Hellenistic Age strived,...
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...Jewish religion was based on the ancient Israelite religion. The Jews were different from other people during that era because they only believed in one God. They worshipped their God like everyone else with sacrificial offerings of animals at their temple. The Jews only had one temple in Jerusalem, which had only two rooms. One room was for sacrifices, and the other room was always empty because there was no idol to representing God of Israel. All Jews believed they were chosen by the one God of the universe to serve him and obey his laws. They believe that God called on to them to be “lights to the Gentiles” and wanted them to accept the God of Israel as their only God. Jesus also taught the word of God in the temple daily and that was...
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...Renaissance I believe the Renaissance was started by a battle between beliefs, religious beliefs, by the Ninety-Five Theses being nailed to the Catholic Church. Martin Luther, the creator of the Ninety-Five Theses declared that the Pope was limited in his power and that the church was corrupt. He also challenged the existence of Purgatory. Since the Pope could declare any dead person no matter who they are be placed in Purgatory. The Pope should be limited in power because of the fact that he shouldn’t be able to pardon someone for their sins or penalties unless he himself has given those penalties. Martin Luther believed that the Popes power was too close to God’s power. Throughout the Renaissance there was this religious reform where people like Calvin, Martin Luther and Melanchthon. They broke ground with Theology by studying the Gods in a different way. This also caused discussion although heated between several groups and created furthered knowledge into the topic of god and worship. Art and Literature also fueled the Renaissance. People started reading more and art took on a more realistic quality. Even though art was becoming realistic it still had a connection to God and theology. Examples are the Madonna by Raphael, The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo, and sculptures of saints by various artists. Art also took a huge humanist turn, showcasing the human form wherever you looked. In every Michelangelo painting everyone was buff, even baby Jesus...
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