...University of Perpetual Help System Dalta Office of The Religion Affairs Dep’t In Partial Fulfillment on The Assignment Number 1 (Midterm) The Groups of People During The Time of Jesus Submitted by: Cristellesen D. Abara (MWF 10:11am FCL 302) Submitted to: Sir. Manny Cagata PHARISEE Conflicts between the Pharisees and the Sadducees took place in the context of much broader and longstanding social and religious conflicts among Jews dating back to the Babylonian captivity and exacerbated by the Roman conquest. One conflict was class, between the wealthy and the poor, as the Sadducees included mainly the priestly and aristocratic families. Another conflict was cultural, between those who favored hellenization and those who resisted it. A third was juridico-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the Temple, and those who emphasized the importance of other Mosaic laws and prophetic values. A fourth, specifically religious, involved different interpretations of the Bible, and how to apply the Torah to Jewish life, with the Sadducees recognizing only the written letter of the Tanakh or Torah and rejecting life after death, while the Pharisees held to Rabbinic interpretations additional to the written texts. Josephus indicates that the Pharisees received the backing and goodwill of the common people, apparently in contrast to the more elite Sadducees. Pharisees claimed prophetic or Mosaic authority...
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...Wadley April 28, 2012 ABSTRACT This paper will develop a table to compare and contract both the ancient Greeks and Romans. It will include their culture, the type of governments they had, the level of trade, and economic conditions as well as the geographical areas they both thrived in. In addition the table will compare and contrast both civilizations art, architectural styles and accomplishments and their philosophical and religious beliefs. The table will also include visual representation to give readers a clearer picture of the past. Features of Greek and Roman Cultures Features | Ancient Greece | Roman Republic/Empire | | Timeline | 800 BCE – 500 BCE | 509 BCE - 27 BCE | | Government | * Made up of independent states called Polis, or city states. * Used sanctuaries to gather to share important cultural elements. * Citizens were land-owning males who had the right to vote and speak out in court (Sayre, 2010). | * Class structure composed of three tribes and consisted of two ranks; Patricians, and plebeians. * First form of representative government made up of a legislative and judicial branch * Developed elaborate code of law. (Sayre, 2010). | | Agriculture | * Farming * Animal husbandry * Beekeeping * Greeks had poor soil as they were located in rocky hills and mountains. Greece, 2001). | * Level plains for cultivation * Terraced farming on sloped * Built dams and reservoirs for irrigation * Introduced the water wheel | | Geography...
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...History to 1500 8 October 2015 Writing Assignment #1: Roman Slavery According to Siculus in The History of the World, slaves were often utilized to operate the mines during the 1st Century BC in Ancient Rome. These slaves would spend their days and nights in the mineshafts, often wearing their bodies down. They usually weren’t given rest or break from their hard labor. The slaves were forced by the whiplashes of their overseers to undergo the most horrible of hardships. Many slaves died because of the extreme maltreatment they went through. Slaves often prayed for death rather than life because of the amount of suffering they were forced to go through. Slaves were treated as if they were objects rather than human beings. As stated on page 172 in Shelton, a slave’s owner would rent out the slaves for a certain period of time. The renter is required to have the slave with in their presence day and night. The renter must feed and provide the slave with other necessities. The only thing the owner needs to still provide the slave wen being rented is clothing. The slave will be given four days off a year and any more days off due to illness, festivals or a pressing necessity on the part of his or her master would be deducted from the rental fee. The rent is due at the end of the month without delay by monthly installments. One of the jobs of slaves in Rome was farming. On page 165 to 166 in Shelton, Varro breaks up farming instruments in three categories. Slaves are found under...
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...hunting and gathering, nomadic, mobile, non-rooted tribal societies. 3. The characteristics of the riverine environment. 4. Transitioning into a settled-irrigation-based systematic farming society with city walls and social/functional classes. 5. Warrior tribes, their common hunting and gathering ancestry, which they share with the very river-based societies whom they attack. The warrior tribes’ role in the creation of land empire. * 6. Four stages of writing and data recording. * Oral tradition- little writing passed down by word of mouth * Syllabic writing- focuses on the sound of word * Alphabet- phonecians roughly 26 symbols 7. Tangible and intangible infrastructure. * Tangible is physical infrastructure; intangible infrastructure is things such as language or attitude. Everyone has infrastructure. 8. Systematic farming and population increase. * Systematic farming leads to population increase. But how? * Systematic farming is an efficient way to feed people, it raises grain and grain is a predictable and storable food source. Leads to lower infant mortality rates, and elderly dying less easily from diseases. 9. Systematic farming, surplus labor and the growth of physical infrastructure in river civilizations. * Systematic farming is so efficient you don’t need the whole community to supply the food like you do in hunting and gathering. 80% gets food 20% builds...
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...Ancient Greeks and Romans Stephanie Bumpase AIU Abstract There were a little similarity between the ancient Greeks and Romans that would be detailed out. There were towns of differences between the two cultures. In this paper, you would know how the ancient Greeks ran their land and how Romans did theirs. By the end of this paper, you would see how each culture adapted in their way of living. Ancient Greeks and Roman When you think about ancient Greeks and Romans, the most that pops out of people mind is the art work and architectures. These people were more than art work and architecture. The ancient Greeks and Romans both started as city-states. They both had some similarities and differences in their culture. Between the Greeks and Romans they had a few similarities in their culture life. Geographically, they both establish life on the Peninsula by the Mediterranean Sea. Both culture had farmers to where they did the farming. However, the only thing that they farm the same was wheat and olives. The Greeks and Romans both made vases. They also love going to the theater for arts and entertainment. Both culture had temples to worship the gods and goddesses. There was quite a bit of differences between the Greeks and Romans culture. The Greeks was surrounded by water (http://chalk.richmond.edu), therefore they would capture fish, squid, and octopus (http://chalk.richmond.edu) to eat. The Romans would grow a few items, but mostly shop in the market...
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...Abstract Compare and contrast distinguishing elements or features of early Greek and Roman cultures, including but not limited to, government, geographical terrain, economics and trade practices, art and architecture, philosophical and religious differences. COMPARE AND CONTRAST GREEK AND ROMAN EARLY CIVILIZATION GREEK CIVILIZATION | ROMAN CIVILIZATION | | | Geography: Greece comprise of Mediterranean countries. However, terrain is hilly countryside and were near water. Cities that were created around Mediterranean Sea are known as colonies. | Geography: Also Mediterranean countries; however, more inland, on one side Tiber River, Italic tribes did not have natural hilly borders. Around Naples there was fertile land and rich soil. It covered Italian peninsula where small villages were set around hills. | Economics: Main resource was agriculture. Produced enough wheat for own survival; but, bad agricultural practices showed the in-capabilities of Greeks. Wine and olive oil were chief imports. They thought themselves more superior and considered some work as degrading to them. Greek paid less attention on technology. Due to having slaves, many hardest tasks were done by the cheap labor-slaves. | Economics: Romans also were involved in farming; however, were imported most of their wheat. Trading helped their economy. They exported wine and olive oil. Romans depended on the slave labor for mining. The slaves were farmers, servants, gardeners...
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...Zeph Geyer Ancient World History Rough Draft 11/8/2014 In most civilizations in the ancient world, there were vast differences between the lives of men and women. For example, women could not serve in the Roman Senate, own property in ancient Greece, or ask for divorce. All of these rules existed while men had the ability to do all of these things. The life of a woman in the ancient world was in no way equal to men in most societies. The Egyptians believed that joy and happiness were of the utmost importance in life, and regarded the home and family as a major source of happiness. This meant that the Egyptian’s thought better of women who did not work, and took care of the home and family. All other ancient civilizations had one thing in common. Mesopotamia, Rome, Greece, and Israel were all surrounded by other sets of people. This meant that these other civilizations had to be warlike societies, and this meant women would have less of a role because men believed women could not fight as well in battle. Egypt developed under unique circumstances. The Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea separated the Egyptians from everyone else in the ancient world. In other words, the Egyptians did not have a warlike society because training like that was unnecessary. Since there was no need for a warlike society in Egypt, women had a more established role in society. Women’s rights in Egypt were more equal to men than other civilizations because of the unique circumstances under which...
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...government, religion, and education. Every civilization had their own unique way of living. Many of our agriculture, inventions, and religion were practiced by them. We merely adopted their way of life. So we can say that Early Civilizations became fundamentals for our modern invention, agriculture and religion. Ancient people discovered the development of agriculture accidentally. Before finding agriculture, ancient people had a hunter-gatherer system where males go hunting and females and kids stay home and gather fruits or any other edible plants. Farming started from the Neolithic Era which involved the domestication of animals and plants. Increasing population was the number one reason people started to farm. Because they couldn’t feed all the hungry mouths just by hunting animals. They had to have a large population at that time because ancient people lived under constant dangers caused by other tribes. The people who first cultivated cereal grains have observed them in the wild while they were hunting or gathering and noticed the seeds fall. After sometime, they return to the same place to find a newly grown plant. That’s when they got the idea of farming. 2 best known agricultural villages were Jericho located near Jordan River and Catal Huyuk in modern day Turkey. People in the Neolithic Era were the first people to domesticate animals. Wild dogs outside of tribe settlements scavenge for any leftover foods that the tribe’s people would throw over their wall. After...
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... | Political | Economic | Religion | | The language is almost of Latin. | Greece, and especially Athens, is the cradle of democracy in the western civilization. | The economic and social structure of classical Greece, including thecolonies it sent out around the Mediterranean, had many features in commonWith other agricultural civilizations. | Dancing associated With Religious ceremony. | | Ancient Greek Culture was the birthplace of Western civilization about 4000 years ago. | Apart from many smaller changes, it was mainly based on the opportunity for all citizens over 20 to take part in governing the country. | In the 8th-century Greece depended clearly on farming. | At times Greek peasants showed their interest in some of the more emotionalreligious practices imported from the Middle East, which provided more colorthan the official ceremonies of the Greek pantheon and spiced the demandingRoutines of work. | | The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present. | Greek governments supervised the grain trade, providing not onlytransportation facilities but also storage depots to try to minimize theChance of famines. | A common pattern - the Greek economy evolved,Particularly as trade rose and cities grew. | Things that were created turned into their Gods. | | Greek sculptures are very important as the vast majority of them tell us a story about Gods, Heroes...
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...The early Greek and Roman cultures fundamentals or descriptions were illustrated in the table beneath. Greek Culture Roman Culture Government Aristocrats once ruled the Greeks. After a number of years of war, the Democracy was presented and effective. Political, philosophical, and literary held great concerns. (Economic History, 2010) The Roman government is an uncompromising version of the Greeks. From the Monarchy there is a civilization change, holding the military and political control was the Aristocratic republic. “Executive, legislative and the judicial branch” were the branches that were presumed so that the political control would be composed. (2)(UN RV History, 2011) Geographical Greece is a peninsula. It has several smaller peninsulas attached. Peninsula meaning it is enclosed by water on three sides. Southwestern Europe is where it is positioned. It is “51,000 square miles” (Kidport, 2012) The “Seven Hills and The Tiber River” is what Rome’s geographical area consists of. (Maps of World, 2000) It forms the “backbone of the peninsular” and it is the western part of the Apennine Mountains. (Maps of World, 2000) Terrain Greece is roughly 20% made up of island and it has a small amount of plans, the rugged mountainous and the rocky terrain is what divided the cities and the states. (Kidport, 2012) As for the land, it was not capable of sustaining plant life and it was unnourished. On both sides there were small islands with swampy...
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...economy going. For Ancient Greece trade was one of the biggest contribution to their economy. During the classical period in Greece, traders bought a lot of wheat from the Black Sea area. They also traded with Sicily, southern France, and southern Italy. Traders would sell wine, olive oil, and fancy pottery vases. Ancient Israel’s good trading is what kept their economy stable. They had a very diverse trading that had many routes which was close to many countries to enable their economy to increase. In Rome, traders would trade with Egypt for papyrus, Phoenicia for glass, Syria for sewing needles,...
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...He uses maps, interviews, ancient writings, records, documents, and evidence provided by archeological digs to back up his statements. 4. What were some of the uses of beer by ancient cultures? Nourishment? Ritual? Religious? The ancient Egyptians made about 17 forms of beer, all ranging in sweetness, effect, and over all taste. It was utilized as a medicine, given as a gift to the gods (a religious offering), used for pleasure, nutrition, showed hospitality among individuals and was consumed at social gatherings. For example, the Incas called their beer “chicha” and presented it to the gods as a religious offering for the sun. Served in a golden cup, the Incas poured it onto the ground or spat out a small quantity. Each civilization adapted their use for beer to fit their own needs and culture. 5. How did beer "civilize" man, according to Standage? Beer allowed for civilizations...
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...Ancient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia The decision to write this Paper came about as soon as I read the subject. I am in love with Ancient Cultures. It is very interesting to me to study and learn new things about the style of life peoples of ancient times lead, the type of housing and furniture ancient peoples possessed, the foods and resources they had at hand, as well as the religious and other daily values which ancient peoples believed in. To compare the Ancient Egyptian civilization to the civilization of Ancient Mesopotamia is surely going to be a task which will not be easy, especially since it is my personal believe that both of these grandiose civilizations cannot be compared to one another. Comparing the Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization to the Civilization of Ancient Egypt is not really possible once you think about the difference of years between the beginnings of each of these Civilizations. Mesopotamia is considered to be at the least 5000 years older than Ancient Egypt. The earliest civilized form of Human development in Mesopotamia is known to Historians to have occurred between 10500-3500 BC (Mayan Archeology), whilst Historians believe the Ancient Egyptian Civilization to have started between the years of approx. 5500- 3100 BC, which is what is considered the Pre-dynastic Period. (Experience ancient) While Ancient Egypt started to develop Mesopotamia already made big progress in forms of Farming, building the first settlements...
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...humanity, beginning with the Paleolithic Era. Distinct from the history of Planet Earth (which includes early geologic history and prehuman biological eras), world history comprises the study of archeological and written records, from ancient times on. Ancient recorded history begins with the invention of writing.[1][2] However, the roots of civilization reach back to the period before the invention of writing. Prehistory begins in the Paleolithic Era, or "Early Stone Age," which is followed by the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, and the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BCE) in the Fertile Crescent. The Neolithic Revolution marked a change in human history, as humans began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.[3][4][5] Agriculture advanced, and most humans transitioned from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle as farmers in permanent settlements. Nomadism continued in some locations, especially in isolated regions with few domesticable plant species;[6] but the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed human communities to expand into increasingly larger units, fostered by advances in transportation. World population[7] from 10,000 BCE to 2,000 CE. The vertical (population) scale is logarithmic. As farming developed, grain agriculture became more sophisticated and prompted a division of labor to store food between growing seasons. Labor divisions then led to the rise of a leisured upper class and the development of cities. The growing...
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...NOVA Middle School Joel Underwood, Advanced History Dept. The Examination and Comparison of Food Between Han Dynasty China and Ancient Rome By Joaquin Velazquez 2/7/2024 Ancient Rome and Han Dynasty China were very similar empires, despite being seven and a half thousand kilometers away from each other. The two empires' food and meat were far different. According to Jacqueline M Newman, in her text, “Han Dynasty Foods” (2005), “Among the meat and poultry items, or parts thereof, are chicken, crane, deer, dog, duck, frog (bamboo chicken), goose, hare, magpie, ox, pheasant, pigeon, sheep, sparrow, and turtledove.” There were a great deal of meats that the citizens of China feasted on and enjoyed. Ancient Rome ate very little meat,...
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