...for certain conditions in the horse. When done properly, the AAEP considers pin firing an acceptable form of therapy. (Editor's note: In 2006, the AAEP updated its position on pin firing to read: “Thermocautery may have therapeutic value for certain conditions in the horse. When applied judiciously and in conjunction with appropriate analgesia and aftercare, the AAEP considers the modality an acceptable form of therapy in cases that have proven refractory to conventional treatment.”) Pin firing is a therapy that uses a small, red-hot probe to cause cauterization (burning) of tissue in horses with chronic injuries to produce an abundant, serous inflammatory process. As opposed to other inflammation processes such as infections or bruising, serum has little or no fibrin (clotting material) or cellular content and does not coagulate. Firing causes maximal exudation, or oozing, and minimal tissue degeneration. The flooding of serum seems to flush out any chronic irritation, and it does not displace old scar tissue. Firing is done more often in racehorses than in other performance horses, and has been used for more than a century in conditions of recurring injuries such as a splint, curb, or chronic bowed tendon. The process is performed under sedation and local anesthesia, and the pain inflicted is fairly short-lived and usually well-tolerated by the patient. Here is a typical example of the cycle of a horse which warrants pin firing. A Standardbred horse might, in horseman's terms,...
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...before your eyes with no anesthesia? Well you see this is what the soldiers in the battle field had to go through and i bet it was rough and excruciating. There was about 51,000 soldiers injured,wounded, killed, or went missing in the gettysburg address.The main people of the battle were Robert E Lee with the Army of Northern Virginia and George.G Meade with the Army of the Potomac they were the commanders.. The war lasted about 5 years. This was one of the largest battles of North America. Within three days of the battle the war ends with many dead, a bloody battle is the one word that can describe the gettysburg event in all truth. General Hood General Hood was heading out for the battle of Fredericksburg. He was with the troops. In the first few hours of the battle General Hood was shot in the arm. Then, he was taken to a tent with medics so he can try to get function in the arm. “Hood was in the big tent, on a litter...Longstreet saw;not much left of hand. Exposed bone.”(pg.237) He later had no feeling in the arm. He avoided amputation but, it was paralyzed and caused a lot of nerve damage. The arm was no longer...
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...Tommy Duong Mr. Kellogg World History Period 4 5/27/14 Dan and I had to do the years 1840-1869 for our decade project. The topics that we discussed were leaders, wars, standard of living, economic problems/prosperity, acts of aggression, and new technology. The leader at the time was Nicholas I from 1825-1855. After his death, he was succeeded by Alexander II that reigned from 1855-1881. Nicholas did not like serfdom, which was a member of the lowest feudal class, attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights. He wanted to abolish it but did not because he feared the aristocracy and believed they might turn against him if he abolished serfdom. When Alexander II came to power, he completely abolished serfdom granting freedom to 12 million serfs and land to peasant communes. In 1864 most local government in the European part of Russia was organized into provincial and district zemstva. Zemstvo was a form of local government which were made up of representatives for each district that were responsible for local schools, public health, roads, prisons, and food supply. The district zemstvos elected executive committees and delegates to the provincial assemblies. Resources were scarce due to the defeat in the Crimean war. There were insufficient rail lines in the railway system and the production rate of weapons and machinery decreased by a lot. The standard of living in Russia was very bad. There were millions...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: College: Date: Animals in Biomedical Research From history, man depends on animals for survival, either as mode of transport or source of food. However, animals are used for many other purposes in the current world. Scientists are using animals for experimenting and testing drugs that prescribed to cure many diseases, for instance, HIV/AIDS. For many years, animals’ experiments have been used to discover new ailments and the drugs that could cure them. However, there are so many organizations that are trying to fight for animal rights by preventing animal experiments. Stopping the use of animals for scientific research can hinder progress in new findings and discoveries in the health sector. Animals have been used for scientific research because their body functions are almost similar to that of human beings. Human suffering should be drastically reduced as a first priority by ensuring that the humans don’t die because simple and treatable diseases. Animal suffering and death should come as a second priority after taking care of humans needs. Scientists should be able to use animals for research to prevent any possible deaths in human beings. Disease like tumors can be experimented and tested on animals and not on man to avoid suffering of human beings. Health of human beings has advanced due research carried out on animals. Major killers like diabetes heart attack and cancer have been treated well due to improved medicine. Some diseases mostly...
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...Ashwagandha Human Biology and Nutrition April 12, 2015 What is Ashwagandha? Ashwagandha also known as Indian winter cherry. Ashwagandha is a shrub cultivated in India and North America whose roots have been used for thousands of years by Ayurvedic practitioners in many medicinal ways. The root contains flavonoids and many active ingredients. Ashwagandha is most well-known for its restorative benefits. In Sanskrit Ashwagandha means “the smell of a horse,” indicating that the herb imparts the vigor and strength of a stallion, and has traditionally been prescribed to help people strengthen their immune system after an illness. I have never personally seen ashwagandha but it belongs to the same family as the tomato. Ashwagandha is a small shrub with oval leaves and yellow flowers. It produces red fruit about the size of a raisin. The herb is native to the dry regions of India, northern Africa, and the Middle East, and today is also grown in more mild climates, including the United States.The root and leaf are the parts that are used because they contain the highest amount of steroidal compounds which include the lactones Withaferin A, and carbon-27-glycowithanolides, known best as Withanolides Ashwagandha has been used as an herbal remedy for hundreds of years. It has many applications, and has been used to treat inflammation, fevers, and to protect against infection or illness. It has also been used to boost the immune system and improve memory. Ashwagandha is believed...
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...Animal testing is cruel and not humane. The humane society states that animals that are being tested are typically force fed, forced inhalation, watered and fed deprived, longer periods of physical activities. They are burned and cut to watch the healing process also the infliction of pain to watch the pain tolerance. These animals are killed by carbon dioxide poisoning, it was reported that 97,123 animals suffered pain through there experiment. There was no Anesthesia given to help sub side the pain. Animals are very different from humans therefore they should not be tested on because you will get tow completely different results. It is very hard to model in an animal what you are trying to do in a human. Drugs that are used on animals are not always safe to use. The sleeping pill was tested on a variety of different animal’s even pregnant animals. Studies showed that the pregnant animals that were given the pill there babies were born with birth defects because they were given high dosages. The animals that were not pregnant were given a high dosage died a sudden death or died from a heart attack. Frequent testing on animals has led to a huge decrease on testing for potential cures, and treatments...
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...Chris Burden, was born in Boston in 1946 and grew up in France and Italy. At the age of twelve years old, Burden was involved in a motorcycle accident in Italy, where he had to have his foot operated on without anesthesia. For Burden this traumatic event was a catalyst for his future works. He studied physics, architecture, and art receiving a degree from Pomona College, and another from the University of California. For Chris' thesis he locked himself in a locker in the fetal position for five days. He only had a five-gallon water jug and an empty five-gallon hug for waste. A lot of his art pieces were done in front of a small audience who heard about the event from word-of-mouth. His most well known act from 1971 was a performance piece called Shoot, in which he was shot in the arm by his friend. In 1974 in a performance piece called Trans-Fixed, Burden laid face up on a Volkswagen Beetle and had nails hammered into both his hands, crucifying him to the car. In Chris’ later works he deviated from hurting his own body. Although his pieces were not as shocking as his others, they still provoked a lot of questions, and emotions. In his piece Metropolis II (2011) he created a sculpture that was a tiny city that had tracks making roads around the city buildings. This piece created a feeling of anxiety and was mesmerizing because as the 1,100 tiny cars moved around the...
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...The Death Penalty in Oklahoma Many people are for the death penalty in Oklahoma, while very few are against it. I have never been a supporter of the death penalty. In my opinion, it is inhumane and against the convicted criminals Eighth Amendment right of the government forcing cruel and unusual punishment. The death penalty is meant to be a deterrent to keep people from committing criminal behavior. As you will see with the unusually high number of death row inmates in Oklahoma this is not true. Have our criminals become Guinea pigs for our Justice System to try different methods of execution? Our botched police investigations, and fight for political power have left many questions raised for the number of executed inmates in Oklahoma. We fail to realize all too often that these criminals have rights also. Criminals have a right to a fair trial and a right for the government not to force cruel and unusual punishment on them. The original death penalty law in Oklahoma called for executions to be carried out by electrocution. In 1972, the Supreme Court struck down all existing death penalty statutes. In Furman v. Georgia, the Court ruled that the death penalty as administered was cruel and unusual punishment. Oklahoma rewrote their death penalty statutes to remedy the Supreme Courts concern. The Oklahoma Legislature implemented the current death penalty law in 1977. The method to carry out the execution is by lethal injection. The last execution to be carried out by electrocution...
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...occurring today in the modern world. Along with these diseases it is important to study and understand what causes them, what signs to look for, what species to look for them in, how to treat them, and how to prevent them from happening, IF you can even prevent them. Some diseases and conditions have vaccines to help with prevention and some do not, while some diseases are zoonotic meaning that they can be transmitted from animal to human. While there are hundreds upon hundreds of diseases to be looked at, the ten researched below are the ones once prevalent among the veterinary technicians job in the clinic; Hip Dysplasia and Ethylene Glycol poisoning in dogs, Hyperthyroidism and Rabies in cats, Strangles and Equine Recurrent Uveitits in Horses, Cryptosporidium and Fasciola Hepatica in Ruminants and Swine, Idiopathic Epilepsy in Aviaries, and Lymphoma in Ferrets. Hip Dysplasia in dogs is a congenial condition caused by a femur that does not fit correctly into the pelvic socket, or poorly developed muscles in the pelvic area. The causes of hip dysplasia are considered heritable, but new research conclusively suggests that environment also plays a role. Although to what degree is caused by genetics versus what portion is caused by environmental factors are a topic of debate....
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...to want to become a veterinarian. A veterinarian “is a person who is trained to give medical care and treatment to animals: an animal doctor” (Merriam-Webster). I can find no better career path for me then helping animals that are injured/in need of medical attention. If you weren’t aware, there are five main veterinarian jobs; livestock, companion, exotic, mixed, and lab animals. My interest lies only between two of the five jobs: livestock and companion. Knowing the differences and similarities between the two will help me better understand these jobs and also help me make a final decision on which specific career path to study. Livestock veterinarians specialize in exactly that, livestock animals (cows, horses, etc.). “Livestock veterinarians examine, diagnose, and treat individual livestock animals/herds” (DegreeDictionary.org). Another aspect would be treating animals that will be used for food. With that being said, a livestock veterinarian must “enforce food safety standards, check for transmittable diseases and quarantine animals as necessary” (DegreeDictionary.org). “Other duties include giving vaccinations and handing out medication, as well as treating injuries, surgery, delivering newborns, and also offering advice to owners regarding breeding, housing, nutrition, and behavior problems”( DegreeDictionary.org). Another must know aspect is the educational requirements to become a livestock veterinarian. In...
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...Argument for Animal Rights Ever since the society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in England in 1824 was formed, there have been long running debates on the topic of animal rights. The first societies were formed to protect and maintain humane treatment of work animals, such as horses, cattle, and house hold pets. Towards the end of the nineteenth century more organizations were formed, this time to protest the use of animals in scientific experimentation. Today groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have continued these traditional fights as well as adding new agendas. "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; The Declaration of Independence holds these rights to be self evident and unalienable. In the eighteenth century when these words were written they were called natural rights, today we call them human rights" (McShea, 34). The issue of whether or not to grant animals rights such as those humans retain, is a greatly disputed issue. Animal right is an extremely intricate issue that involves the question of animal farming, animal experimentation, and animal activists. There are not many happy farmers milking their cows on the farm anymore; this is the food industry; it is dirty; it is unsafe, and it is a massacre of innocent animals. Cows, chickens, pigs, and other animals processed into food are not kept on a farm; they are crowded into pens and cages that are too small to even allow the animal to turn around (Krizmanic,...
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...Empire performed safe, successful, surgery centuries ahead of their European counterparts. They knew about anatomy from the Greeks, and a Muslim doctor by the name of Ibn al-Nafi described heart circulation 250 years before the Europeans. Furthermore, some of the first pharmacists came out of the Arab Empire (Romanek 15). Romanek elucidates that successful surgery began in the 900s, with operations for Cesarean sections and wounds, amongst others, being commonplace. Islamic physicians even developed cataract surgery and methods of anesthesia using drugs (e.g. opium). There were also dental surgeons and eye surgeons in addition to regular surgeons. As is with modern practice, the doctor needed the patient or their family’s consent in order to operate. And said operations were successful—a multitude of surgical instruments such as scalpels, scissors, needles, and forceps were used. Surgeons in the Arab Empire also created stitches using wool or horse hair (16-17, 20-21). Another invention people have the Arab Empire to thank for is a spectacular one—eyeglasses. Ibn al-Haytham, a Muslim scientist, wrote about how one could magnify things with a convex lens. In the 1200s, his work was translated into Latin and soon after, someone invented glasses. To this day, historians still do not know who created them (Romanek 20-21). Clearly, humans would still be stuck in the Dark Ages—no pun intended—if not for the invention of spectacles. People would also be behind medically speaking, as...
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...If an animal is hurt or needs help, it is a Veterinarian’s duty to provide the care they need. The field of Veterinary Medicine covers a wide variety of occupations, including Veterinarian. A Veterinarian’s job is to care for a variety of different animals and ensure the public knows the proper ways of caring for them. Veterinarians also work alongside other medical professionals when dealing with different diseases and illnesses by helping research and track new pieces of info and help keep the public updated with the most current pieces of information. There are different types of veterinarians in the field of Veterinary Medicine. Some more recognized veterinary specialties include Avian (birds), Equine (horses), Beef Cattle (cattle raised...
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...ANCIENT INDIAN CIVILIZATION INTRODUCTION In the 1920s, a huge discovery in South Asia proved that Egypt and Mesopotamia were not the only "early civilizations." In the vast Indus River plains (located in what is today Pakistan and western India), under layers of land and mounds of dirt, archaeologists discovered the remains of a 4,600 year-old city. A thriving, urban civilization had existed at the same time as Egyptian and Mesopotamian states — in an area twice each of their sizes. The Indian civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world. It is known as the Sindhu civilization or the Indus Valley civilization or the Aryan civilization. Sometimes it is also referred to as the Vedic civilization. The Aryans kindled the light of this civilization on the banks of the river Sindhu (Indus) in the Northern India, thousands of years ago. Later, they helped spread it across some other parts of the country. The historians can not ascertain the precise period when this great civilization flourished. The scholars differ on the period of its development. Even the origin of the Aryan race has been debatable. Some historians believe that the Aryans migrated from the North Central Asia and settled in India. Some other historians contend that the Aryans have been the natives of India. In the opinion of “Lokmanya Tilak” and other Indian scholars, the Aryan civilization is 4000 to 8000 years old. The Indus Valley Civilization which flourished from about 2600 BCE to...
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...referring to those over 60 and in some of the journal articles the mean age of those in the studies average 80/83 years old. Hypertension is a medical condition that occurs when you have a continually high systemic arterial blood pressure. It is defined when the systolic pressure is constantly bigger than 140 mmHg or when the diastolic pressure is constantly bigger than 90 mmHg or more. But for people over the age of 60, hypertension is bigger than 150/90. Hypertension is dangerous to have because it can change into strokes, heart attacks, heart failure of kidney disease. Credit for the first perception of high blood pressure is given to British veterinarian Stephen Hales, who in 1733, noticed that when a brass pipe put into the artery of a horse, the blood rose in the tube. This discovery showed that a pressure was involved in pushing the blood. Fast forward...
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